The following is a brief compendium of Hingan words used in everyday language by NPCs.
Note that only terms likely to be commonly used will be listed. Very specific terms–such as “Bushin-no-jutsu”–will not be listed.
ijin - “Foreigner”. Can be used both politely or rudely.
koban - Money. This is the term Hingans use instead of “gil”.
I speak only the truth. A truth that all can see─all save this two-koban rag merchant, and the amateur aesthetes who waste their coin on a clumsy child who hides her shameful lack of skill with gaudy, uncultured garb.
What are you selling? I have a few koban stashed away, if you will accept them. …What is wrong? Why do you hesitate? You are a merchant, are you not?
Thanks to you meeting with the chief, not only did I receive a generous sum of koban but I think I may have even moved up a few pegs in the Confederacy.
While the thing may have cost me a fortune, I do not regret a single koban I spent on it. This rock has proven to me that I have what it takes to protect my people and my village, and that I need nothing more than my two arms and legs to do it.
bakufu - The Hingan military government.
bugyo - Magistrate or Governor. Used in reference to the lord bugyo who rules Kugane.
sensei - “Master”. This term is extremely uncommon; it is only used once in the entire game. The generic term “Master” is used far more frequently (such as “Master Musosai”).
Kyokuho
There you are! I was beginning to wonder if you hadn’t been eaten by the hoverflies on your way here! But I jest. Jannequinard tells me that you are quite the authority on all things relating the Bole. So enlighten me, oh, honorable sensei. I am, as you westerners say, all eyes…or was it ears?
kami - used as a generic substitute for “gods”. (”Kami preserve us”, etc.). In a religious sense, used to refer to the spirits that reside in precious items and treasures, as well as nature.
aibou - Generally, can be translated to “partner” or “buddy”, and can be used to refer to a close working relationship as “partner” (such as a detective and deputy). Reno and Rude from Final Fantasy 7 are an example of partners or “aibou”. In the Japanese version, Estinien calls the Warrior of Light “aibou” as well.
Hancock
Who knows─we may even come to call one another “aibou”, as the Hingans do. ‘Tis a most deep and meaningful word, aibou─some translate it as “friend,” but I think it better not to even bother trying, so unique and quintessentially Hingan the concept is…
keikaku - More than likely this is nothing more than a meme reference (as localisation often is). Still. It means plan.
Jannequinard
An excellent proposal…or as I believe the Hingans say, “keikaku.” I dabbled a bit in the language when I was younger but for the life of me that ebon-haired emissary would not afford me even a sidelong glan─
geiko - A skilled female entertainer. Modestly dressed, they engage in poetry, music, and dancing.
tamahagane - Can be translated as “jewel steel”. In-game terminology is “Doman steel”. Tamahagane is symbolically significant in Hingan culture, most likely as the traditional material used to make katanas.
onsen - A natural hot spring used for bathing. Thanks @samhyurai!
Feel free to add more if you find any.