this makes me think a lot about Weber and the growth of capitalism-as-ethics in the wake of the Reformation.
for those unfamiliar, Max Weber was an early sociologist who posited that modern capitalism grew out of the psycho-social conditions created in western Europe by the destruction of the pervasive institutions of the Catholic church. his thesis was that prior to the Reformation, people were comfortable in the assurance of their salvation as long as they received the sacraments of the church and acted (more or less) under its authority. but with the security of the Catholic hierarchy and claim to One True Churchness gone, most people did not have a sufficiently developed personal spirituality to feel assured of salvation anymore. this was particularly acute amongst Calvinists because of the belief that God had already predestined who was going to Heaven and who was going to Hell- but there was no formal institution to tell you that you were deffo predestined for Heaven, no worries buddy, so you had to find ways to constantly reassure yourself.
and of course if you were one of Godās Chosen Elect, your life would surely be pretty great, and youād be rich- or at least better off than those bad awful sinners who were born going to Hell. so you worked hard and made your work a spiritual calling, and you werenāt profligate with your money because you needed it to prove you were living the blessed life of the elect. and eventually accumulating money became an ethical end in itself, intertwined with other aspects of virtue- this was a big thing for Benjamin Franklin, amongst other major figures in the founding history of the USA. this also went hand-in-hand with disdain for the kinds of charitable practices that are central to Catholicism- if a person was poor, it was a sign of their non-electness, and they deserved to stay that way. the whole system requires that some peoplesā lives are shit, because then otherwise how can you be sure whoās going to Heaven?
and the same principles apply to white supremacy. it was easy to be confident and comfortable in your belief in the inherent superiority of white people when you had vast social institutions backing you up. in the Jim Crow south, you could be a poor as shit white person, but at least you got to drink from theĀ āwhites onlyā fountain. but now those institutions are gone or going, and despite every effort against them people of colour are clawing their way to economic and social equality.Ā
thereās nothing left to reassure the white supremacist. they canāt look at the corridors of political power and feel a bit better, because the head of state is a highly-educated black guy. they canāt even go the Calvinist route and pile up a big soothing stack of money, because you canāt tell by looking whoās Godās Deserving Elect, but you sure as hell notice when a black family moves into your suburb and are driving a nicer car than you do.
but if you can fuck yourself over in a way that you can be dead certain is going to fuck over people of colour worse, well, that just proves you were right all along, huh? now youāve got more money than that black family, even if all of you are worse off.
tl;dr: requiring there to be people worse off than you as proof of your innate superiority is one of the founding socio-ethical principles of the USA and Protestant societies in general, which maps neatly onto the white supremacist need for people innately inferior to you to be worse off.
I think thereās a lot more to be said about Weber, Calvinism, and the development of white supremacy as an ideology, but I am no longer an academic so