NASA has sent out a survey about a possible shift to a zero exclusive access period (EAP) for HST and JWST. If you’re an observer who hasn’t received the email, ping me and I’ll forward it to you.
This is the response I gave in the “general comments” box at the end of the survey
Removing the EAP, or even reducing it to six months, will be catastrophic for scientists at smaller institutions/with higher teaching loads. I can only really work on research during the summer. Even at the most optimistic case that a project would take me one summer to complete, I would need a full 12 months of EAP to ensure that I could make it from the observation to the summer without anyone else accessing the data. And that's assuming I already have the necessary tools in place, and I'm not trying to train a student to work with the data.
There are already problems in certain subfields with people waiting for a dataset to become public, and then scooping the result out from under a graduate student or other researcher with fewer resources.
I've heard some people say that we should work to change the norms in the field, so that people don't try to work on data before a "reasonable amount of time" has passed or without contacting the original PI. But that still leaves space for bad actors to pounce on data they didn't spend time proposing. If we think that proposing for data means getting a shot at doing the science you proposed, then that should be enforced by policy. Meaning an EAP of at least 6 months, but I would argue that 12-18 months is far more realistic for most researchers.
A survey instrument like TESS or K2 is very different from targeted observations. K2 did have to select particular targets, but it was understood that it was more like community voting on targets in a particular field. And even then, the people who benefitted most from K2's immediate access policy is people with the time and infrastructure in place to spend their nights, weekends, and holidays analyzing data. If we want to grow the field and encourage people from under-represented and under-resourced background, as well as people with caretaking responsibilities, we MUST allow them the time and space to do the analysis.
For non-astronomers wondering how this will impact you, the answer is “not much”. For the vast majority of the observations, we’re not talking about pretty pictures that you would want to download and play around with. The issue here is other astronomers who didn’t submit a proposal (justifying why particular target(s) should be observed), but want to snatch a result six months earlier. Any data will still become public eventually, after the exclusive access period ends.
Having that exclusive time for the principal investigator (PI) to carry out their science without rushing is incredibly important. Especially when the person primarily responsible for the work is a student, or works in a position where they get less time for research. If someone goes through the hard work of proposing an observation, and gets funding to do the analysis, that person (or their students) should be the ones who actually do the work! And if they don’t prioritize it during the EAP, then someone else can take a shot.