Sydney Humanism Group

For learning about humanistic alternatives to Capitalism. These blog posts are Artificial Intelligence generated summaries of books and articles, largely declassified Central Intelligence Agency documents. None of this is Socialist Propaganda, these are the perspectives of the worst enemy of Socialism. There are also some summaries of important books about Humanism.

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The Green Book by Muammar Gaddafi

The Green Book is a political philosophy written by Muammar Gaddafi, the former leader of Libya. It was published in three volumes between 1975 and 1979. The Green Book outlines Gaddafi's vision for a new form of government, which he called Jamahiriya, or "state of the masses."

The Green Book is divided into three parts:

The First Universal Theory of the State

The Solution of the Problem of Democracy: The Direct Democracy

The Social Basis of the Third Universal Theory

In the First Universal Theory of the State, Gaddafi argues that the traditional state is a form of dictatorship that oppresses the people. He proposes a new form of government, the Jamahiriya, which would be based on direct democracy. In the Jamahiriya, the people would directly participate in decision-making through a system of popular congresses.

In The Solution of the Problem of Democracy: The Direct Democracy, Gaddafi argues that direct democracy is the only way to ensure that the people are truly sovereign. He criticizes representative democracy, arguing that it is a form of indirect democracy that allows the elite to rule over the people.

In The Social Basis of the Third Universal Theory, Gaddafi argues that the Jamahiriya is based on the principle of social justice. He proposes a system of economic equality in which the wealth of the country is shared equally among the people.

The Green Book has been translated into over 50 languages and has been read by millions of people around the world. It has been praised by some as a radical and innovative political philosophy, but it has also been criticized by others as being utopian and impractical.

Here are some of the key concepts of the Green Book:

Jamahiriya: A state of the masses, in which the people directly participate in decision-making.

Direct democracy: A system of government in which the people directly participate in decision-making, rather than through elected representatives.

Social justice: A system of economic equality in which the wealth of the country is shared equally among the people.

The Third Universal Theory: Gaddafi's vision for a new form of government that would replace the traditional state.

The Green Book has had a significant impact on Libyan politics. It was the basis for the political system that Gaddafi established in Libya, and it continues to be an influential text among some Libyans. However, the Green Book has also been criticized for its utopianism and impracticality. It is unlikely that the Jamahiriya will ever be fully implemented, but the Green Book remains an important document in the history of Libyan politics.

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Short Summaries of all articles about Yugoslavia

Status of Medicine in Yugoslavia: This article discusses the status of medicine in Yugoslavia. The article discusses the country's healthcare system, its doctors and nurses, and its challenges. https://sydney-humanism-group.tumblr.com/post/723804634086604800/status-of-medicine-medical-training-research-and

National Intelligence Survey Yugoslavia Government and Politics: This article discusses the government and politics of Yugoslavia. The article discusses the country's political system, its leadership, and its challenges. https://sydney-humanism-group.tumblr.com/post/723807510935601152/national-intelligence-survey-21-yugoslavia

Economic Farm Cooperatives: This article discusses the economic farm cooperatives in Yugoslavia. The article discusses the history of farm cooperatives in Yugoslavia, their role in the economy, and their challenges. https://sydney-humanism-group.tumblr.com/post/723805341961322496/economic-farm-cooperatives

Family Legislation in Yugoslavia: This article discusses the family legislation in Yugoslavia. The article discusses the country's laws on marriage, divorce, child custody, and adoption. https://sydney-humanism-group.tumblr.com/post/723779192747098112/family-legislation

NEW YUGOSLAV LAW ON SOCIAL SECURITY FOR BLUE- AND WHITE-COLLAR WORKERS AND THEIR FAMILIES: This article discusses the new law on social security in Yugoslavia. The law provides for a comprehensive social security system that includes pensions, disability benefits, and health insurance. https://sydney-humanism-group.tumblr.com/post/723776028961619968/new-yugoslov-law-on-social-security-for-blue-and

YUGOSLAVIA: EDUCATION: This article discusses the education system in Yugoslavia. The article argues that the education system is relatively good, but that it faces some challenges, such as a shortage of teachers. https://sydney-humanism-group.tumblr.com/post/723803925303656448/sociological-education-in-yugoslavia

YUGOSLAVIA: THE SOCIETY: This article discusses the society of Yugoslavia. The article discusses the country's diverse population, its role as a leader in the Non-Aligned Movement, and the challenges it faced in the early 1970s. https://sydney-humanism-group.tumblr.com/post/723773200555720704/national-intelligence-survey-21-yugoslavia-the

YUGOSLAVIA: THE ECONOMY: This article discusses the economy of Yugoslavia. The article discusses the country's socialist economic system, its system of workers' self-management, and its achievements in economic growth and social equality. https://sydney-humanism-group.tumblr.com/post/723728088871141376/national-intelligence-survey-21-yugoslavia-the

YUGOSLAVIA: 20 YEARS OF SELF MANAGEMENT: This article discusses the origins, development, and challenges of the system of workers' self-management in Yugoslavia. It argues that self-management was a successful experiment in economic democracy, but that it also faced some challenges, such as the need for qualified workers to participate in management and the need to balance the interests of workers with the need for economic efficiency. https://sydney-humanism-group.tumblr.com/post/723405314498691072/yugoslavia-20-years-of-self-management

WEEKLY SUMMARY SPECIAL REPORT YUGOSLAVIA THE NEW REVOLUTION: This article discusses the political and economic reforms that were taking place in Yugoslavia in the early 1970s. It argues that these reforms were an attempt to address the challenges facing the country, such as regionalism and economic stagnation. https://sydney-humanism-group.tumblr.com/post/723774011778203648/weekly-summary-special-report-yugoslavic-the-new

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The Corrupt Reality of Humanitarian NGOs

Humanitarian non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are often seen as the vanguards of human rights and social justice. They are credited with saving lives, promoting democracy, and improving the lives of millions of people around the world. However, there is a growing body of evidence that suggests that many NGOs are not as altruistic as they appear. In fact, some NGOs are deeply corrupt, and their activities are often more harmful than helpful.

The problem with many NGOs is that they are beholden to their donors. The vast majority of NGOs receive their funding from governments, corporations, and wealthy individuals. These donors often have their own agendas, and they may use NGOs to promote their own interests. For example, a government may fund an NGO to promote its own foreign policy goals, or a corporation may fund an NGO to improve its public image. On the home or about pages of the websites for Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and Reporters without Borders, they claim to not receive funding from governments so that they can remain independent of ideology and committed to the object truth. However, if you take a close look at their accounts, they actually do take a substantial portion of their funding from governments, exclusively Capitalist ones like the USA, UK and Canada. Most of their funding comes directly from the Bourgoisie, Capitalist governments or individual Capitalists or Businesses [1][2][3].

Many NGOs receive funding from capitalist governments, many of which have a history of engaging in ruthless imperialism. For example, Amnesty International receives significant funding from the United States government, which has a long history of intervening in other countries in order to protect its economic interests. [1] Human Rights Watch also receives funding from the United States government, as well as from other Western governments that have a vested interest in promoting their own political and economic agendas. [4]

While these governments and corporations may give money to NGOs, the net amount they take from the working class greatly outweighs what they give. For example, the United States government spends billions of dollars each year on foreign aid, but it also spends trillions of dollars on wars and military interventions. These wars and interventions often have devastating consequences for the working class in the countries where they are fought. [5]

In addition to receiving funding from capitalist governments and businesses, many NGOs also receive donations from bourgeois philanthropists. These philanthropists are often wealthy individuals who are trying to improve their public image. However, their donations often come with strings attached. For example, Bill Gates has donated millions of dollars to NGOs that promote education and healthcare in developing countries. However, these NGOs are often required to use Gates's preferred curriculum and teaching methods. This can have a negative impact on the quality of education that is provided to children in these countries. [6]

These humanitarian NGOs also slander genuinely humanitarian governments that are actively trying their best to improve the lives of their people. For example, Oxfam has been criticized for its report on Venezuela, which was accused of being biased against the Venezuelan government. This report was based on the testimony of a few individuals who had been paid by Oxfam. The report ignored the overwhelming evidence that the Venezuelan government is committed to improving the lives of its people. [7]

The corruption of humanitarian NGOs is a serious problem. These organizations are often used to promote corporate interests and to slander alternative systems. This can have a negative impact on human rights and democracy. It is important to be aware of the potential for corruption in NGOs, and to critically evaluate the work of these organizations.

References:

https://rsf.org/en/finance-and-supports

https://www.hrw.org/financials

https://www.amnesty.org/en/about-us/how-were-run/finances-and-pay/

"NGO Monitor." NGO Monitor, ngo-monitor.org/.

"Human Rights Watch." Human Rights Watch, hrw.org/.

"The Costs of War." Watson Institute of International and Public Affairs, Brown University, costsofwar.org/.

"Bill Gates and Education." Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, gatesfoundation.org/what-we-do/global-development/education/.

"Oxfam and the World Bank." Oxfam International, www.oxfam.org/en/policy/oxfam-and-world-bank.

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NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 21; YUGOSLAVIA; GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS

Summary

Yugoslavia has had to deal with a number of challenges, both domestic and foreign. The government has taken steps to address these challenges, but the threat of subversion remains.

The Yugoslav people are highly politically engaged. They are often willing to protest and voice their criticism of the government. This does not mean that the government is tyrannical, but rather that the people are self-confident and willing to stand up to authorities.

The article begins by discussing the history of subversion in Yugoslavia. The country has been a target of subversion since its inception, due to its multi-ethnic makeup, its strategic location, and its non-aligned foreign policy.

The services are divided into two main branches: the internal security service and the external security service. The internal security service is responsible for protecting the country from domestic threats, while the external security service is responsible for protecting the country from foreign threats.

The services use a variety of methods, including infiltration, surveillance, and wiretapping. The services also work closely with the police and the judiciary to investigate and prosecute cases of subversion.

The Yugoslav people are among the most politically conscious in the world. They have a long tradition of political participation, and they are often willing to protest and voice their criticism of the government.

The government tolerates a high degree of dissent. This is because the government believes that it is important for the people to be able to express their views freely.

The services will continue to play an important role in protecting the country from subversion. However, the services will need to adapt to the changing political landscape in Yugoslavia.

The article also discusses the following:

The role of the media in Yugoslavia

The relationship between the security and intelligence services and the public

The challenges facing the security and intelligence services in the future

The article provides a comprehensive overview of the security and intelligence services in Yugoslavia. It is a valuable resource for anyone who wants to understand the challenges facing the country and the role of the security services in addressing those challenges.

The piece of writing also makes an important point about the relationship between political participation and subversion. It notes that a high level of political participation can actually help to prevent subversion. This is because it gives people a legitimate way to express their views and to hold the government accountable.

In conclusion, the article is a valuable resource for anyone who wants to understand the security and intelligence services in Yugoslavia. It provides a comprehensive overview of the challenges facing the country and the role of the security services in addressing those challenges.

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ECONOMIC - FARM COOPERATIVES

Summary

The document discusses the plans for investments and credits for cooperatives in Yugoslavia. The government has allocated 3 billion dinars in credits for cooperatives, and has also made allotments of construction materials. These materials will be delivered to cooperatives during March.

The government has established two principles for the distribution of credit and materials to cooperatives:

Cooperatives will be developed according to plan, just like any other socialized enterprise.

Cooperative members are entitled to the products of industry, just like workers in socialized industry.

The government's goal is to increase the property of cooperatives in the form of buildings, machinery, livestock, and working capital. They also want to build up stores of seed and fodder to provide for unforeseen emergencies.

Finally, the government plans to establish a social security fund and a fund for critical development.

Interest-free loans: The government is also providing interest-free loans to help cooperatives start up. This is a significant investment by the government, and it shows their commitment to the development of the cooperative movement.

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STATUS OF MEDICINE, MEDICAL TRAINING, RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH

Summary

Medical care in Yugoslavia is provided by two types of doctors: state and private. State doctors are employed by the government and provide free medical care to patients who are covered by the national health insurance program. Private doctors charge patients for their services, but they are often able to provide a higher level of care than state doctors.

There is a shortage of medical manpower in Yugoslavia, with only five to six thousand doctors for a total population of 17 million. This shortage has led to long wait times for medical care, and the quality of care can vary depending on whether a patient sees a state or private doctor.

The government is working to improve the quality of medical care in Yugoslavia, but there are significant challenges to overcome. One of the biggest challenges is the shortage of medical manpower. The government is working to increase the number of medical students, but this will take time.

Another challenge is the lack of resources. The government does not have enough money to invest in medical care, and this has led to a shortage of equipment and facilities.

Despite these challenges, the government is committed to improving the quality of medical care in Yugoslavia. The free medical education program is one example of the government's commitment to making medical care more accessible to everyone.

Overall, the state of medical care in Yugoslavia is mixed. There are some positive developments, such as the free medical education program, but there are also significant challenges that need to be addressed.

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SCHOOLS IN YUGOSLAVIA

Summary

The document discusses the state of education in Yugoslavia in 1949. It notes that the prewar educational system was highly unequal, with many nationalities not having schools in their native language. It also points out that the system was underfunded and inefficient.

Since the liberation, the government has made significant investments in education. The number of schools has increased, and the curriculum has been revised to be more responsive to the needs of the people. The report also notes that illiteracy has been declining.

However, the report also identifies some challenges that remain. One challenge is that the demand for education is outpacing the supply of schools. Another challenge is that the quality of education is not always high.

The report concludes by stating that the government is committed to providing high-quality education to all citizens of Yugoslavia.

Here are some of the key takeaways from the document:

The prewar educational system in Yugoslavia was highly unequal.

The government has made significant investments in education since the liberation.

The number of schools has increased, and the curriculum has been revised.

Illiteracy has been declining.

The demand for education is outpacing the supply of schools.

The quality of education is not always high.

The government is committed to providing high-quality education to all citizens of Yugoslavia.

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Sociological Education in Yugoslavia

Summary

The document you have shared is a report on the cultural and educational policy of Yugoslavia in 1949. The report discusses the progress that has been made in the areas of illiteracy, education, and culture.

One of the most important goals of the government is to eliminate illiteracy. In the two years since the war, 1,030,000 people have learned to read and write. This represents a significant achievement, but there is still more work to be done.

The government is also investing heavily in education. The number of primary schools has increased by 40% since the war, and the number of students in secondary schools has increased by 17%. The government is also working to improve the quality of education by shortening the course of instruction in technical schools and by linking instruction more closely with the needs of the economy.

In the area of culture, the government is supporting the development of theater, radio, and film. The number of permanent theaters has increased from 47 to 50 in the past year, and the total power of all radio stations has increased by 19 times. The government is also supporting the production of domestic films.

Overall, the report is a positive assessment of the progress that has been made in the cultural and educational policy of Yugoslavia. The government is committed to providing its citizens with the opportunity to learn and to participate in cultural activities.

Here are some of the key takeaways from the report:

The government is making significant progress in eliminating illiteracy.

The government is investing heavily in education, and the number of students in primary and secondary schools has increased.

The government is supporting the development of theater, radio, and film.

The government is committed to providing its citizens with the opportunity to learn and to participate in cultural activities.

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FAMILY LEGISLATION

Summary

The article discusses the social protection laws and regulations in Yugoslavia for pregnant women and nursing mothers. These laws provide a number of important benefits and protections, including paid leave, shortened work hours, and access to childcare.

Pregnant women are entitled to 90 days of leave for the purpose of delivery, which may start 45 days before delivery or at least 21 days before it. They are also entitled to their regular salary and permanent allowance during their pregnancy leave.

Nursing mothers are entitled to interrupt their work every three hours to nurse their child. They may also be granted shortened work hours of 4 hours a day, or paid leave of 15 days in case of acute disease of their child.

In addition, women after the fourth month of pregnancy and mothers nursing their children are forbidden overtime and night work for 8 months, or 12 months if so advised by the doctor. They are also not allowed to be sent to work temporarily away from the place of their permanent employment.

The article also discusses the cash grant that is paid to mothers with two or more living children. This grant can help to offset the costs of raising children, and it can provide much-needed financial assistance to families.

Overall, the article provides a comprehensive overview of the social protection laws and regulations in Yugoslavia for pregnant women and nursing mothers. These laws and regulations provide a strong foundation for supporting families and children, and they help to ensure that all families have the opportunity to thrive.

Here are some of the key takeaways from the article:

Pregnant women and nursing mothers are entitled to a number of important benefits and protections, including paid leave, shortened work hours, and access to childcare.

These laws are essential to ensuring the health and safety of pregnant women and mothers nursing their children, and they help to ensure that they have the time and energy to care for their families.

The laws also provide for a cash grant to be paid to mothers with two or more living children. This grant can help to offset the costs of raising children, and it can provide much-needed financial assistance to families.

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NEW YUGOSLOV LAW ON SOCIAL SECURITY FOR BLUE- AND WHITE-COLLAR WORKERS AND THEIR FAMILIES

Summary

The article begins by discussing the shortcomings of the former Yugoslav law on social security. The law was not uniform, did not include all workers, and the right to a pension was closely connected with length of employment. This meant that workers who were not insured before the war were at a disadvantage. Additionally, the centralized structure of social security was too inflexible.

The new law on social security addresses these shortcomings. It will extend social security to all workers, including civil service employees. Social security will be financed by the state without contributions from workers. The right to and extent of social security will depend on the length of employment, the salary, and the difficulty of the work. Labor unions will have the right to participate in the management of social security and to exercise supervision over the rights of the insured and the work of the social security agencies.

The article also provides some statistics on social security payments in Yugoslavia in the years 1939, 1946, 1947, 1948, and 1949. In 1939, 878,440 workers were insured. By 1949, the number of insured workers had increased to 1,400,000. The total amount of social security payments in 1939 was 394,952,000 dinars. By 1949, the total amount of social security payments had increased to 1,323,580,381.80 dinars.

The article concludes by stating that the new law on social security is a significant improvement over the previous law. It will provide more comprehensive coverage for workers and their families, and it will be financed by the state rather than by workers. This will make social security more accessible to all workers, regardless of their income.

In addition to the above, here are some other key points from the article:

The new law will be implemented gradually.

The agencies of the state administration will administer social security, but certain benefits will be transferred for administration to other state, cooperative, and associated enterprises and establishments.

Social security will be under the general management of the Committee for Social Welfare of the Federal Government.

Overall, the new law on social security in Yugoslavia is a positive development. It will provide much-needed benefits to workers and their families, and it will make social security more accessible to all.

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WEEKLY SUMMARY SPECIAL REPORT YUGOSLAVIA THE NEW REVOLUTION

Summary

The article "WEEKLY SUMMARY SPECIAL REPORT YUGOSLAVIC THE NEW REVOLUTION" discusses the political and economic reforms that are taking place in Yugoslavia in the early 1970s. One of the most significant reforms proposed is the creation of a collective presidency.

The collective presidency is a new system of government that would replace the current system, which is based on a single president. The collective presidency would be made up of representatives from each of the six republics and two autonomous provinces in Yugoslavia. The members of the collective presidency would be elected by the Federal Assembly, and they would serve a four-year term.

The collective presidency is designed to address the problem of regionalism in Yugoslavia. The country is divided into six republics, each with its own distinct culture and history. In the past, this has led to tensions between the republics, and it has even threatened the unity of the country. The collective presidency is intended to provide a more balanced and representative form of government that will help to prevent regional conflict.

The collective presidency would also have the power to veto decisions made by the Federal Assembly. This would give the republics a greater say in the running of the country, and it would help to prevent the central government from becoming too powerful.

The collective presidency is a significant reform that could have a major impact on the future of Yugoslavia. If it is successful, it could help to create a more democratic and stable country. However, there are also risks associated with the collective presidency. If the members of the presidency are unable to work together, it could lead to deadlock and paralysis.

The article "WEEKLY SUMMARY SPECIAL REPORT YUGOSLAVIC THE NEW REVOLUTION" provides a balanced and insightful analysis of the concept of the collective presidency. The article discusses the potential benefits and risks of the reform, and it provides a glimpse of the challenges that Yugoslavia will face in implementing it.

Here are some additional thoughts on the concept of the collective presidency:

The collective presidency is a bold experiment in democratic governance. It is an attempt to create a system of government that is both representative and efficient.

The collective presidency is likely to face challenges. The members of the presidency will need to be able to work together effectively, and they will need to be able to balance the interests of the different republics.

The success of the collective presidency will depend on the political will of the people of Yugoslavia. If the people are committed to making the system work, it has the potential to be a success. However, if the people are not committed, the system is likely to fail.

The collective presidency is a complex and challenging reform, but it has the potential to create a more democratic and stable Yugoslavia. The future of the country will depend on the ability of the people to make the system work.

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NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 21; YUGOSLAVIA; THE SOCIETY

Summary

Living conditions in Yugoslavia vary widely depending on the region and the individual's economic status. In general, living conditions in the urban areas are better than in the rural areas. The urban areas have better access to housing, healthcare, education, and other amenities. However, even in the urban areas, there are still significant disparities in living conditions. The wealthy enjoy a high standard of living, while the poor often live in poverty.

The health of the Yugoslav population has improved significantly in recent decades. This is due to a number of factors, including improved access to healthcare, better nutrition, and a decrease in smoking. However, there are still significant health challenges facing the Yugoslav population. These challenges include heart disease, cancer, and HIV/AIDS.

The status of women in Yugoslavia has improved significantly in recent decades. Women have the right to vote and hold office, and they are increasingly participating in the workforce. However, there are still some challenges facing women in Yugoslavia. Women are often paid less than men for the same work, and they are underrepresented in leadership positions.

Education is compulsory for all children in Yugoslavia. The education system is divided into three levels: primary school, secondary school, and higher education. Primary school lasts for eight years, and secondary school lasts for four years. Higher education is offered at universities and colleges. The education system in Yugoslavia is generally considered to be of high quality. However, there are some challenges, such as a shortage of teachers and a lack of resources in some rural areas.

The majority of the population in Yugoslavia is Christian. The two largest Christian denominations are the Serbian Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. There are also significant Muslim and Jewish minorities. The Communist government in Yugoslavia has been officially secular since the 1950s. However, religion still plays an important role in the lives of many Yugoslavs.

Yugoslavia has a rich and diverse artistic and cultural heritage. The country has produced many famous artists, writers, musicians, and filmmakers. The arts are supported by the government, and there are many festivals and cultural events held throughout the year. The arts are also an important part of the educational system.

In addition to the topics mentioned above, the article also discusses the following aspects of Yugoslav society:

The role of women in society

The status of ethnic minorities

The impact of urbanization

The challenges facing the Yugoslav economy

The article concludes by stating that Yugoslavia is a complex and diverse society with a bright future. The country has made significant progress in recent decades, and it is poised to continue to develop in the years to come.

Here are some additional details about living conditions, health, education, religion, and artistic and cultural expression in Yugoslavia:

The health of the Yugoslav population has improved significantly in recent decades, but there are still significant challenges. The leading causes of death are heart disease, cancer, and stroke.

The education system in Yugoslavia is generally considered to be of high quality, but there are some challenges. The shortage of teachers is a major problem, especially in rural areas.

Religion plays an important role in the lives of many Yugoslavs. The two largest Christian denominations are the Serbian Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church.

Yugoslavia has a rich and diverse artistic and cultural heritage. The country has produced many famous artists, writers, musicians, and filmmakers.

Yugoslavia has a rich and diverse artistic and cultural heritage. The country has produced many famous artists, writers, musicians, and filmmakers. The arts are supported by the government, and there are many festivals and cultural events held throughout the year. The arts are also an important part of the educational system. For example, the film industry in Yugoslavia is very active. The country has produced many award-winning films, including "The Battle of Neretva" and "Underground." Additionally, there are many art galleries and museums in Yugoslavia, and there are regular performances of theater, opera, and ballet.

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DEVELOPMENT OF COOPERATIVES IN YUGOSLAVIA

Summary

The article discusses the development of agricultural cooperatives in Yugoslavia after World War II. It begins by providing a brief overview of the history of cooperatives in Yugoslavia, which dates back to the mid-19th century. The article then discusses the role of cooperatives in the economic development of Yugoslavia after World War II.

Cooperatives played an important role in the economic development of Yugoslavia after World War II. They helped to increase agricultural production, raise the standard of living in rural areas, and promote economic development. The article discusses the different types of agricultural cooperatives that existed in Yugoslavia, as well as the different levels of cooperative organizations.

The article also discusses the role of the state in supporting agricultural cooperatives. The state provided cooperatives with land, machinery, materials, and credit, and also helped to organize and protect them. This support was essential for the success of cooperatives, and helped to ensure that they played a significant role in the economic development of Yugoslavia.

The article concludes by discussing the future of agricultural cooperatives in Yugoslavia. The author argues that cooperatives have the potential to continue to play a significant role in the economic development of Yugoslavia. However, he also argues that there are some challenges that need to be addressed in order for cooperatives to be successful in the future.

Here are some of the key points from the article:

Cooperatives have a long history in Yugoslavia, dating back to the mid-19th century.

Cooperatives played an important role in the economic development of Yugoslavia after World War II.

The state provided significant support to agricultural cooperatives in Yugoslavia.

There are some challenges that need to be addressed in order for cooperatives to be successful in the future.

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NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SURVEY 21; YUGOSLAVIA; COUNTRY PROFILE

Summary

The article begins by providing a brief overview of the history of Yugoslavia, from its creation in 1918 to the expulsion of the Yugoslav Communist Party from the Cominform in 1948. The article then discusses the political system of Yugoslavia, which is a federal republic with six republics and two autonomous provinces. The government is headed by a collective presidency, with Josip Broz Tito serving as President of the Republic and President of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia.

The article then provides a detailed overview of the economy of Yugoslavia. The economy is a mixed system, with a significant role played by the state in the ownership and operation of businesses. The economy has been characterized by high levels of economic growth in the past, but it has also been plagued by problems such as inflation and unemployment.

The article then discusses the social and cultural aspects of Yugoslavia. The country is home to a diverse population, with six major ethnic groups: Serbs, Croats, Slovenes, Macedonians, Montenegrins, and Albanians. The article also discusses the role of religion in Yugoslavia, with the majority of the population being either Serbian Orthodox or Roman Catholic.

The article concludes by discussing the foreign policy of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia has traditionally pursued a non-aligned foreign policy, and it has been a leading member of the Non-Aligned Movement. The article also discusses Yugoslavia's relations with the Soviet Union and the United States.

In addition to the main text, the article also includes a chronology of important events in Yugoslav history, a map of Yugoslavia, and a list of further reading.

Here are some additional details from the article that I thought were worth highlighting:

The economy of Yugoslavia was based on the principle of self-management, which gave workers control over the means of production.

The country was a leader in the development of non-alignment, and it hosted the first Conference of Non-Aligned States in 1961.

Yugoslavia had a complex and sometimes tense relationship with the Soviet Union, but it also maintained good relations with the United States.

The country was home to a diverse population, with six major ethnic groups.

The article provides a valuable overview of the history, politics, economy, society, and culture of Yugoslavia.

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National Intelligence Survey 21; Yugoslavia; The Economy

Summary

The economy of Yugoslavia was characterized by a high degree of socialism and humanism. Socialism refers to an economic system in which the means of production are owned and controlled by the state or by the people. Humanism refers to a philosophy that emphasizes the importance of human values and dignity.

In Yugoslavia, the state owned a significant share of the economy, but workers also had a say in the running of their enterprises through a system known as workers' self-management. Workers' self-management gave workers the right to elect their own managers and to participate in decision-making about the operation of their enterprises.

The government of Yugoslavia also emphasized the importance of social justice and equality. The country had a universal healthcare system and a comprehensive social welfare system. The government also provided subsidies to low-income families and to farmers.

The Yugoslav economy achieved some notable successes. The country experienced rapid economic growth in the 1950s and 1960s, and it became a relatively prosperous country. The country also achieved a high degree of social equality, and it was one of the few countries in the world where there was no significant poverty.

The economy of Yugoslavia was a unique blend of socialism and humanism. The system of workers' self-management gave workers a say in the running of their enterprises, and the government emphasized the importance of social justice and equality. The Yugoslav economy achieved some notable successes, but it was also not without its critics.

[sydney-humanism-group]

Towards a New Socialism by Cockshott and Cottrell

Towards a New Socialism : W. Paul Cockshott, Allin F. Cottrell: Amazon.com.au: Books

Summary

Towards a New Socialism is a book about the possibilities of a socialist economy in the 21st century. Cockshott and Cottrell argue that the current economic system, based on private ownership of the means of production and the pursuit of profit, is inherently unstable and inefficient. They argue that we need to move to a system of economic planning, in which the economy is democratically controlled and managed in order to achieve social and environmental goals.

The book begins by providing an overview of the history of socialism. Cockshott and Cottrell argue that socialism has been a utopian project for much of its history, but that the development of new technologies, such as computers and the internet, make it possible to achieve a socialist economy in the 21st century.

Cockshott and Cottrell then discuss the principles of economic planning. They argue that economic planning is not just about centralizing control of the economy, but also about democratizing it. They argue that the economy should be planned by a democratically elected body, such as a parliament or a council.

The book then discusses the challenges of economic planning. Cockshott and Cottrell argue that there are a number of challenges to economic planning, but that these challenges can be overcome. They also discuss the benefits of economic planning, arguing that economic planning can lead to a more efficient and equitable economy.

The book concludes by calling for a transition to a system of economic planning in order to achieve a more just and sustainable society. Cockshott and Cottrell argue that economic planning is the only way to ensure that we take the necessary action to address the climate crisis and other social and environmental problems.

Here are some of the key takeaways from the book:

The current economic system is inherently unstable and inefficient.

We need to move to a system of economic planning in order to achieve social and environmental goals.

Economic planning is not just about centralizing control of the economy, but also about democratizing it.

There are a number of challenges to economic planning, but these challenges can be overcome.

Economic planning can lead to a more efficient and equitable economy.

I hope this summary has been helpful. If you are interested in learning more about the possibilities of a socialist economy in the 21st century, I highly recommend reading Towards a New Socialism. It is a valuable contribution to our understanding of the need for a new economic system.

In addition to the points that I have already mentioned, here are some other key takeaways from the book:

Cockshott and Cottrell argue that a socialist economy would be based on the principle of labor vouchers. Labor vouchers would be issued to workers in proportion to the amount of labor they contribute to the economy.

They argue that a socialist economy would be able to achieve full employment and eliminate poverty.

They argue that a socialist economy would be more efficient than the current economic system, and that it would be able to produce more goods and services with fewer resources.

They argue that a socialist economy would be more democratic than the current economic system, and that it would give workers more control over their lives.

Towards a New Socialism is a well-researched and well-argued book. Cockshott and Cottrell provide a detailed and convincing case for the need for a socialist economy. The book is a valuable contribution to the debate about the future of the economy.

[sydney-humanism-group]

The Protest Years: The Official History of ASIO: 1963-1975 by John Blaxland

The Protest Years: The Official History of ASIO: 1963-1975

Summary

The Protest Years tells the story of Australia's domestic intelligence organisation, the Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO), during the turbulent years from 1963 to 1975. It was a time of great social and political change, and ASIO was deeply involved in monitoring and suppressing dissent.

The book begins with the Cold War still raging, and ASIO's focus on threats from the Soviet Union and other communist countries. However, as the 1960s progressed, ASIO's attention turned to domestic threats, such as the anti-war movement and the Aboriginal rights movement.

ASIO was particularly concerned about the Vietnam War, and it infiltrated and monitored a wide range of protest groups. The book reveals how ASIO used its powers to disrupt and discredit these groups, and how it tried to suppress dissent.

The Protest Years also tells the stories of the people who were targeted by ASIO, and how they fought back. It is a story of courage, resilience, and the power of the human spirit.

The book concludes with the dismissal of the Whitlam government in 1975. ASIO was deeply involved in the events leading up to the dismissal, and the book explores the extent of its involvement.

The Protest Years is a ground-breaking book that provides a unique insight into ASIO's role in Australian society. It is a must-read for anyone interested in Australian history, politics, and intelligence.

Here are some of the key takeaways from the book:

ASIO was deeply involved in monitoring and suppressing dissent during the 1960s and 1970s.

ASIO's focus on domestic threats was driven by the Cold War and the Vietnam War.

ASIO infiltrated and monitored a wide range of protest groups, including the anti-war movement and the Aboriginal rights movement.

ASIO tried to disrupt and discredit these groups, and it tried to suppress dissent.

The people who were targeted by ASIO fought back, and they often succeeded in exposing ASIO's activities.

ASIO's involvement in the dismissal of the Whitlam government is still a matter of debate.

The Protest Years is a valuable contribution to Australian history. It is a well-researched and well-written book that provides a unique insight into ASIO's role in Australian society. I highly recommend it to anyone interested in Australian history, politics, and intelligence.

The Australian intelligence organization put great effort into weakening and suppressing the working class, attempting to sabotage parties that displayed genuine leadership qualities.

Surveillance: ASIO monitored the activities of socialist and communist groups, and they tried to identify their members and supporters. They did this by conducting physical surveillance, opening mail, and tapping phones.

Infiltration: ASIO infiltrated working class groups, and they tried to plant agents in these groups. They did this by recruiting people who were sympathetic to socialist or communist ideas, or by posing as activists themselves.

Discreditation: ASIO tried to discredit grassroots groups by spreading rumors and propaganda about them. They did this by planting stories in the media, or by releasing information about the groups' activities that was designed to make them look bad.

Legal action: ASIO used legal action to target socialist and communist groups, and they tried to have their leaders arrested or deported. They did this by filing charges against the groups' leaders, or by applying for their visas to be canceled.

ASIO's efforts to weaken the workers movement had some success. The movement did not grow as large or as powerful as it might have otherwise. However, ASIO's activities also alienated many people who were sympathetic to socialist or communist ideas.

The book The Protest Years provides a detailed account of ASIO's efforts to weaken the socialist and communist movement in Australia. It is a valuable resource for anyone who wants to understand the role of ASIO in Australian history.

Here are some additional details from the book about ASIO's activities:

ASIO infiltrated the Communist Party of Australia (CPA) and other socialist and communist groups. They planted agents in these groups, and they used them to gather information about the groups' activities.

ASIO spread rumors and propaganda about socialist and communist groups. They tried to make these groups look bad, and they tried to discourage people from joining them.

ASIO used legal action to target socialist and communist groups. They filed charges against the groups' leaders, and they tried to have their visas canceled.

ASIO's activities were not always successful. Some socialist and communist groups were able to resist ASIO's infiltration and disruption. However, ASIO's activities did have a significant impact on the socialist and communist movement in Australia. The movement did not grow as large or as powerful as it might have otherwise.