For the last two years or so, climate scientists have been puzzled by the exceptional warmth seen across the planet, because it exceeds their models. But new research points to a possible explanation: fewer clouds. The study, published in the journal Science, found that 2023 saw “a reduced low-cloud cover in the northern mid-latitudes and tropics,” and especially over the Atlantic. Since clouds help the Earth reflect solar radiation back into space, fewer clouds means more radiation and – you guessed it – more heat. Why might the clouds be disappearing? The scientists say several factors could be at play, including the El Niño weather pattern, and a rapid decline in sulfate aerosol emissions from the shipping industry. But another explanation is that rising global temperatures are changing how clouds behave, creating an ominous feedback loop. But nobody is sure just yet, and lots of questions remain. “I consider our study just another piece of the puzzle,” said Helge Goeslling, a climate physicist at the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany, and the study’s lead author.