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The Body in Bulgarian
тяло - body
главà - head
лице - face
око/очи - eye/s
ухо/уши - ear/s
уста - mouth
зъб - tooth
коса - hair
врат/шия - neck
пръст - finger
длан - palm
ръка/ръце - hand/s
крак/крака - leg/s
стомах/корем - stomach
кост/кокал - bone
Today we celebrate Bulgarian Language Day! 🎉 A perfect time to start with the basics. Did you know that Mondly can teach you Bulgarian in over 30 languages? 😍
Bulgarian School Vocabulary
A follower asked me to make a list of school vocab words but also to add the definitive endings. Thanks for asking and please keep on requesting more posts! Here I go!
School – училище - то
Student – ученик -ът, ученичка -та, студент -ът
Teacher – учител – ят, учителка -та, професор -ът (in uni)
Backpack – раница -та
Board – дъска -та
Laptop – лаптоп -ът
schoolbook – учебник -ът
Notebook – тетрадка -та
Pencil – молив -ът
Pen – писалка -та, (химикалката)
Dictionary – речник -ът
Library – библиотека -та
Bookstore – книжарница -та
University – университет -ът
Cigarettes – цигари -те
Lecture – лекция -та
Exam – изпит - ът
Recess – голямо -то междучасие
Passing Period – междучасие -то
Bell – звънец -ът
When will the bell ring? Кога ще звънне звънеца?
Shift – смяна -та
(Schools often work in shifts so certain people will go in the morning and certain in the afternoon)
Мath – математика - та
History – история - та
Trigonometry – тригонометрия - та
English – английски -ят
Bulgarian – Български - ят
Literature – литература - та
Chemistry – химия -та
Biology – биология -та
Physics – физика -та
Calculus – висша математика
PE – физическо образование
headphones – слушалки -те
folder – папка -та
Lab – лаборатория -та
Cafeteria – стол -ът
nurse – медицинска сестра
Bulgarian Weather Vocab :)
Since it is spring time, I have decided to make a weather vocabulary list.
Weather - време The Weather - Времето
What is the weather like? - Какво е времето?
Seasons:
Spring Пролет
Summer Лято
Fall Есен
Winter Зима
Weather conditions
rain/rainy - Дъжд/дъждовно
snow/snowy - Сняг/снежно
hail - град/градушка
fog - мъгла
storm - буря
warm - топло
cold - зтудено
chilly - хладно
hot - горещо
humid - влажно
wind - вятър
it’s windy: има вятър
wind blows: вятър вее
lightening: мълния
Not really conditions:
outside: - вън/вънка
inside: вътре
umbrella: чадър
coat: палто
raincoat: дъждобран
boots: бутуши
sun glasses: слънчеви очила
Expressions:
It’s raining Вали дъжд
It’s snowing Вали сняг
Its hot/cold w/e: Горещо/студено/т.н. е
Notes:
In Bulgarian we have a verb that expresses the falling of snow, rain, and hail in one. вали: can mean to rain, to snow, to hail. We usually clarify by adding the noun after it as you can see in the expressions section. It is also only used in the singular 3rd person. To express a simple weather condition you add the 3rd person singular of to be : “e” after the adjective, which is always in the singular neuter. This is because “Bреме” is a neuter word so the adjective must agree. We can also say it in a longer way..”Времето е студено/горещо...” From that you can see where the simpler shorter sentences come from....it is implied that we are specifying that the weather is hot, cold, and whatever.
Questions in Bulgarian
First of all, yes I know i have been absent for a very long time, sorry!! I will get back regularly soon! In this lessons I will teach y’all how to ask questions in Bulgarian.
The simplest ones have a verb and the special little word ли. The word ли basically makes it a question. In Bulgarian you can ask simple questions with it.
Ex. Учиш ли? Are you studying? Спиш ли? Are you sleeping? Идват ли? Are they coming?
Of course the examples can be translated in simple present tense also....do you sleep? do you study? Also you should notice that there are no subjects. This is because we often omit them in Bulgarian because u can guess them by the conjugation.
Just make sure to put “li” after the verb directly. Even if there is an auxiliary verb, put it after the real verb: Ще се окъпеш ли? Are you going to wash yourself?
***Do not worry, I will soon make a lesson on the verb to be and the verb to want which are the two auxiliary verbs for many tenses.****
Another word is далѝ. Дали is less used and more formal. However, it is still very popular. It can also be translated to “if” in some situations.
Дали те боли главата? Does your head hurt?
Дали има хляб в този магазин? Is there bread in this store?
Please notice that in situations like the ones above, you must use the word дали in the beginning of the sentence.
But also: Не знам дали ще ти хареса подаръкът ми. I do not know IF you will like my present.
Basic question words:
Ако̀ *not really a question word* but it means “if” in the sense “if you...you will succeed”
Какво̀...щo - what (first one is preferable)
Къде - where
Кога - when
Кой, коя. кои, кое - who (m,f,plural,n)
Как - how
Защо - why
The easiest way to use those is to start the sentence with them.
Кога ще се върнеш? (Kogá shte se və́rnesh?) = When are you coming back?
when you use them Do NOT use “ли”
you can of course use them in any way you would in English, placing them anywhere in the sentence to make more complex sentences.
That is it for today, please practice making more sentences with these basic verbs, it will soon become natural to make questions in Bulgarian. As always any questions, suggestions, and concerns are welcome!
Links for Bulgarian learning
Online Transliterator: http://bg.translit.cc/
Translator: http://www.prevodachbg.com/
Bulgarian Vocabulary and lessons: http://polymath.org/bulgarian_family.php (useful)
Weird Pronunciation website: https://forvo.com/languages/bg/
MyLanguages Bulgarian (very useful with a huge file of audio lessons): http://mylanguages.org/learn_bulgarian.php
For people who know some Bulgarian (or are not scared):
Kak se pishe (online grammar tool, very useful) https://kaksepishe.com/
Slovored (grammar and dictionaries w/ some English examples/translations): http://slovored.com/
Gramatika-bg (has a lot of grammar lessons etc.) : verb conjugations
Bulgarian Definite Article *yikes*
The definite article is the word *the* in English. It is used to define the main object (or subject if it is not a proper noun) in Bulgarian. It is a bit more complicated, but do not worry :)