#bulgarianlanguage

[mondlylanguages]

Do you have a similar word or expression in your native language? Share it below! 💁‍♀️

[bulgarianlanguage]

The Body in Bulgarian

тяло - body

главà - head

лице - face

око/очи - eye/s

ухо/уши - ear/s

уста - mouth

зъб - tooth

коса - hair

врат/шия - neck

пръст - finger

длан - palm

ръка/ръце - hand/s

крак/крака - leg/s

стомах/корем - stomach

кост/кокал - bone

[mondlylanguages]

Today we celebrate Bulgarian Language Day! 🎉 A perfect time to start with the basics. Did you know that Mondly can teach you Bulgarian in over 30 languages? 😍

[bulgarianlanguage]

Bulgarian School Vocabulary

A follower asked me to make a list of school vocab words but also to add the definitive endings. Thanks for asking and please keep on requesting more posts! Here I go!

School – училище - то

Student – ученик -ът, ученичка -та, студент -ът

Teacher – учител – ят, учителка -та, професор -ът (in uni)

Backpack – раница -та

Board – дъска -та

Laptop – лаптоп -ът

schoolbook – учебник -ът

Notebook – тетрадка -та

Pencil – молив -ът

Pen – писалка -та, (химикалката)

Dictionary – речник -ът

Library – библиотека -та

Bookstore – книжарница -та

University – университет -ът

Cigarettes – цигари -те

Lecture – лекция -та

Exam – изпит - ът

Recess – голямо -то междучасие

Passing Period – междучасие -то

Bell – звънец -ът

When will the bell ring? Кога ще звънне звънеца?

Shift – смяна -та

(Schools often work in shifts so certain people will go in the morning and certain in the afternoon)

Мath – математика - та

History – история - та

Trigonometry – тригонометрия - та

English – английски -ят

Bulgarian – Български - ят

Literature – литература - та

Chemistry – химия -та

Biology – биология -та

Physics – физика -та

Calculus – висша математика

PE – физическо образование

headphones – слушалки -те

folder – папка -та

Lab – лаборатория -та

Cafeteria – стол -ът

nurse – медицинска сестра

[bulgarianlanguage]

Bulgarian Weather Vocab :)

Since it is spring time, I have decided to make a weather vocabulary list.

Weather -   време              The Weather - Времето

What is the weather like? - Какво е времето?

Seasons:

Spring Пролет

Summer Лято

Fall Есен

Winter Зима

Weather conditions

rain/rainy - Дъжд/дъждовно

snow/snowy - Сняг/снежно

hail - град/градушка

fog - мъгла

storm - буря

warm - топло

cold - зтудено

chilly - хладно

hot - горещо

humid - влажно

wind - вятър

it’s windy:  има вятър

wind blows: вятър вее

lightening: мълния

Not really conditions:

outside: - вън/вънка

inside: вътре

umbrella: чадър

coat: палто

raincoat: дъждобран

boots: бутуши

sun glasses: слънчеви очила

Expressions:

It’s raining Вали дъжд

It’s snowing Вали сняг

Its hot/cold w/e: Горещо/студено/т.н. е

Notes:

In Bulgarian we have a verb that expresses the falling of snow, rain, and hail in one. вали: can mean to rain, to snow, to hail. We usually clarify by adding the noun after it as you can see in the expressions section. It is also only used in the singular 3rd person. To express a simple weather condition you add the 3rd person singular of to be : “e” after the adjective, which is always in the singular neuter. This is because “Bреме” is a neuter word so the adjective must agree. We can also say it in a longer way..”Времето е студено/горещо...” From that you can see where the simpler shorter sentences come from....it is implied that we are specifying that the weather is hot, cold, and whatever.

[bulgarianlanguage]

Questions in Bulgarian

First of all, yes I know i have been absent for a very long time, sorry!! I will get back regularly soon! In this lessons I will teach y’all how to ask questions in Bulgarian.

The simplest ones have a verb and the special little word ли. The word ли basically makes it a question. In Bulgarian you can ask simple questions with it. 

Ex. Учиш ли? Are you studying? Спиш ли? Are you sleeping?  Идват ли? Are they coming?

Of course the examples can be translated in simple present tense also....do you sleep? do you study? Also you should notice that there are no subjects. This is because we often omit them in Bulgarian because u can guess them by the conjugation. 

Just make sure to put “li” after the verb directly. Even if there is an auxiliary verb, put it after the real verb: Ще се окъпеш ли? Are you going to wash yourself? 

***Do not worry, I will soon make a lesson on the verb to be and the verb to want which are the two auxiliary verbs for many tenses.****

Another word is далѝ. Дали is less used and more formal. However, it is still very popular. It can also be translated to “if” in some situations. 

Дали те боли главата? Does your head hurt?

Дали има хляб в този магазин? Is there bread in this store?

Please notice that in situations like the ones above, you must use the word дали in the beginning of the sentence. 

But also: Не знам дали ще ти хареса подаръкът ми.  I do not know IF you will like my present. 

Basic question words:

Ако̀ *not really a question word* but it means “if” in the sense “if you...you will succeed” 

Какво̀...щo - what (first one is preferable) 

Къде - where

Кога - when

Кой, коя. кои, кое - who (m,f,plural,n)

Как - how

Защо - why

The easiest way to use those is to start the sentence with them.

Кога ще се върнеш? (Kogá shte se və́rnesh?) = When are you coming back?

when you use them Do NOT use “ли”

you can of course use them in any way you would in English, placing them anywhere in the sentence to make more complex sentences. 

That is it for today, please practice making more sentences with these basic verbs, it will soon become natural to make questions in Bulgarian. As always any questions, suggestions, and concerns are welcome! 

[bulgarianlanguage]

Links for Bulgarian learning

Online Transliterator: http://bg.translit.cc/

Translator: http://www.prevodachbg.com/

Bulgarian Vocabulary and lessons: http://polymath.org/bulgarian_family.php (useful)

Weird Pronunciation website: https://forvo.com/languages/bg/

MyLanguages Bulgarian (very useful with a huge file of audio lessons): http://mylanguages.org/learn_bulgarian.php     

For people who know some Bulgarian (or are not scared):

Kak se pishe  (online grammar tool, very useful) https://kaksepishe.com/

Slovored (grammar and dictionaries w/ some English examples/translations): http://slovored.com/

Gramatika-bg (has a lot of grammar lessons etc.) : verb conjugations

[bulgarianlanguage]

Bulgarian Definite Article *yikes*

The definite article is the word *the* in English. It is used to define the main object (or subject if it is not a proper noun) in Bulgarian.  It is a bit more complicated, but do not worry :)

As I have said before, Bulgarian has important three genders (neuter, feminine, and masculine,) It is important to be able to tell which one a word is. For the sake of being simple, I would define that usually a word is neuter if it ends on “o”, feminine if it ends on “a” and the rest are usually masculine. 

In Bulgarian, we add a suffix to the end of the word to express definiteness, Here they are:

          incomplete    complete       plural

Masc.   -a / -я           -ът / -ят           -те

Fem.   -та                   n/a                 -те

Neuter:  -то               n/a                   -та

So, you probably noticed the “complete” column. this is only present in the masculine nouns. It is used when the object is the Direct Object of a sentence, or it is the Subject. The rules are a bit harder, but these are the main instances when you would use it. To test, you can replace the word with “he” to see if it works. If “he” can replace it then you should use it with the complete definite article. *NOTE: when speaking you do not have to make a distinction so you would most likely just say the “incomplete” even if it is correct to use the complete.*

Other then this, use the def. article when you would use “the” in English and you would have little troubles getting by. Now for some examples

Masc: “пълен член” (complete article)

Човекът ходи. The man (human) walks.

Блокът е висок. (The apartment building is tall) 

Masc, inc. 

Подарявам цвете на човека. (I gift a flower to the man) 

Ходя по пътя. (I am walking on the road.) *A rule for dir or indir objects is that after a preposition a noun is ALWAYS indirect. This is why the word “по(on)” makes the word път indirect, thus using the incomplete. 

Fem.

Жената се прибира от работа. (The woman is going home from work)

Дай го на жената. (give it to the woman)

Neuter;

Животното се роди в сряда. (The animal was born on Wednesday.) 

Кафето пари! (The coffee is hot)

Подпри го на дървото. (Put it against the tree) 

As you can see, in English the suffixes are always replaced with the word THE. So use that to help you when using the definite article in Bulgarian. As for the complete article, just remember that if it is the subject it uses the complete, of course try to remember the other rules too. Don’t remember to ask questions!

PS (oops forgot): when you use an adjective with the noun, inflect the adjective, not the noun. Червената шапчица - The red hat (diminutive...aka Little Red Riding Hood) зелените листа (the green leafs)

A little practice: 

Create the following sentences in the “comments” of this post and I will help you if you got any wrong :P

The phone is ringing

the green leaf is dying

The balloon popped

The bag is in the bucket.

Vocab: 

it rings - то звъни 

phone - телефон m.

green - зелено 

leaf - листо n.

it dies (it is dying) - то умира

balloon - балон m. 

it popped - пукна се (You would switch the se and pukna when using in a sentence, don’t worry about it though)

bag - чанта f.

in - в

bucket - кофа f.