si vous m'autorisez une digression... (dis Graissions ?)
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si vous m'autorisez une digression... (dis Graissions ?)
This digression serves as an important introduction to the political context of the June Revolt, but I am not qualified enough to interpret Hugo’s interpretation in all its intricate details (a comprehensive discussion on this topic is available here if you wish to delve deeper).
I will make just a couple of observations. I like how Hugo presents the Restoration as an outcome of societal fatigue and inertia. After experiencing years of significant figures and momentous events, 'the nation' yearned for something 'small' (an interesting suggestion). This desire led to an inclination to return to a perceived state of 'normalcy,' a tendency fraught with peril!
Guarantees and charters vs. the divine right. The dynasty took it for granted that the divine right places them above the guarantees. It’s a very nice passage about the roots and the past: “It thought that it had roots, because it was the past. It was mistaken; it formed a part of the past, but the whole past was France. The roots of French society were not fixed in the Bourbons, but in the nations.”
It’s worth noting that Hugo does credit the Restoration with progressive accomplishments: “the nation had grown accustomed to calm discussion, which had been lacking under the Republic, and to grandeur in peace, which had been wanting under the Empire.” The time of peace gave rise to many things, praised by Hugo: “For a space of fifteen years, those great principles which are so old for the thinker, so new for the statesman, could be seen at work in perfect peace, on the public square; equality before the law, liberty of conscience, liberty of speech, liberty of the press, the accessibility of all aptitudes to all functions. Thus it proceeded until 1830.”
Hugo describes the July Revolution as a “strange revolution.” Indeed, it stands out for its relatively non-violent nature; no previous ruler was executed, and the transformation was achieved with remarkable gentleness (it also just replaced one monarch with the other, one dynasty with the other). And he calls it “the triumph of right overthrowing the fact” a concept that elucidates its relatively non-violent nature. Intriguingly, that for him, Machiavelli is the embodiment of “the fact.” Thus, in retrospect, the July Revolution is seen to possess its own merits (same as the Restoration). As far as I understand, tomorrow we'll read about its shortcomings.
Shifting from topic to topic, with few connections, is one of several disjointed and occasionally incoherent verbal habits that seem to have
"Trump’s levels of complexity have always been unmistakably low, said Pennebaker. Whereas most presidential candidates are in the 60 to 70 range, Trump’s speeches range from 10 to 24...
" 'We’re also going to place strong protections to stop banks and regulators from trying to debank you from your political beliefs,” Trump said in the New Hampshire speech. “What they do, they want to debank you. And we are going to debank, think of this. They want to take away your rights. They want to take away your country, the things you’re doing. All electric cars. Give me a break. If you want an electric car, good. But they don’t go far. They’re very expensive.' ”
tl;dr: He's not okay and he's getting worse.
Bon, les mômes, vous avez fini de jouer avec mon scann ! Occupez-vous plutôt de ce qui sort de vos boutons d’acnée… C’est pas très joli tout ça…
DIVAGATION OR DIGRESSION
Italo Calvino died before completing ’Consistency,’ one of his “Six Memos for the Next Millennium:”
In ‘Quickness,’ he writes:
"Divagation or digression is a way to postpone the ending"
My name is Vic
And wen i wryt
Of Jean Valjean
And of his plight
And wen suspense
Is in excess
I still my plot
And I digress
I intend to digress, through this whole history, as often as I see occasion.
Henry Fielding, The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling