By Scott Reid on @drawingwithdinosaurs
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Described By: Chiappe et al.
Classification: Dinosauria, Theropoda, Neotheropoda, Averostra, Tetanurae, Orionides, Avetheropoda, Coelurosauria, Tyrannoraptora, Maniraptoriformes, Maniraptora, Pennaraptora, Paraves, Eumaniraptora, Averaptora, Avialae, Euavialae, Avebrevicauda, Pygostylia, Ornithothoraces, Enantiornithes
Elsornis is an Opposite Bird from the Djadokhta Formation of Mongolia, living about 80 million years ago, in the Campanian age of the Late Cretaceous. It is known from a partially articulated specimen containing many parts of the body, including limbs, vertebrae, and ribs. It had a significantly longer upper arm than lower arm, which distinguishes it from many other Enantiornithines. It also has a distinct bend in the scapula, the top part of the sternum divided into three segments, and the portions where the fingers are connected being significantly longer than normal. It was also unique in having a pneumatized wishbone, or an air filled wishbone, which is a typical feature in dinosaur skeletons but not seen often in the wishbone of Enantiornithes. The ratio of its total arm length to its forelimb places it distinctly with birds such as modern Paleognaths like Ostriches and Emus, which are typically flightless. Given that this ratio can often correlate with flight style, body mass, and lift capabilities in modern birds, this would imply that Elsornis itself was potentially a flightless Enantiornithine, a niche not commonly seen exploited by Mesozoic Avialans. This adds another layer of diversity to Opposite Birds not previously seen.
Chiappe, L. M., S. Suzuki, G. J. Dyke, M. Watabe, K. Tsogtbaatar, R. Barsbold. 2007. A new Enantiornithine bird from the Late Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert. Journal of Systematic Paleontology 5 (2): 193 - 208.
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