How the Ichthyosaur Got Its Fins
Have you ever wondered how aquatic reptiles evolved? No? Why not? Regardless, a new fossil discovered in 2011 is shedding light on these questions [1].
Ichthyosaurs are a class of extinct reptiles that ruled the oceans 250 million years ago [2]. Some were as large as blue whales. However, their evolution from the reptilian common ancestor has posed a problem: reptiles evolved on land while ichthyosaurs were ocean dwellers. The intermediary evolutionary steps have been a mystery.
The mystery remained until 2011, when a fossil found in China showed what is believed to be a proto-ichthyosaur. This transitional specimen, with flippers for forelimbs and small hindlimbs, suggests that the link between ichthyosaurs and reptiles was a sea dwelling animal in the process of evolving into what would become the terrifying apex predators of the sea.
The Cartorhynchus lenticarpus [3] fossil (loosely translated as “short snout, flexible wrist”), shows that ancestral ichtyosaurs were aquatic, although they still shared traits in common with early terrestrial reptiles.
Paleontologists believe that this shows that ichthyosaurs evolved from reptiles that were already primarily aquatic, and that the old theory of walking semi-aquatic sea dinosaurs must therefore be incorrect.
The more we learn about the specifics of the history of life on earth, the more complete the picture we can put together of the origins of the spectrum of modern biodiversity will be.
[1] Perkins, S. How the ichthyosaur got its fins. Science News, November 5 (2014).
[2] Ichthyosaur Wikipedia page.
[3] Dell’Amore, C. First Amphibious “Sea Monster” Found; Fills Evolutionary Gap. National Geographic, November 5 (2014).
Submitted by Kelsey M, Discoverer