#individualis

[ordinarymanjournal]

Homo Homini Lupus Daku menciptakan OASIS karena daku tiada pernah merasa bahwa rumah itu dunia nyata. Daku tiada faham bagaimana berhubungan dengan orang lain di luar sana.

[dartarikitariqat]

Entiendase “Ego” como proceso de crecimiento personal y el carácter sólido de la personalidad del individuo libre, no como una actitud de egoísmo enfermizo en perjuicio de los demás.

Para el anarquista es fundamental “disolver” la identidad colectiva. Más que seres “sociales” somo seres contractuales y basamos nuestras relaciones en acuerdos de cooperación y valores en común.

En la medida en la que la conciencia colectiva deje de tener efecto en tu persona, construiras un “YO” sólido que te permita mantener el foco en el “Ser Ahora” (como diría Tolle) y podrás dominar tus pensamientos. Nunca más serás víctima de tu propia mente.

Somos Anarquistas, enemigos del Estado.

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Hot shaves , sadie is in the house! #mensshave #mensbarber #menshair #kidscuts #Individualis we are now open saturdays ! Http://mavericksmenshair (at Maverick's Men's Hair)

[marikosiegert-blog]

Facebook Use, Personality, and Power

According to a study on relations of Facebook use, Five-Factor Model (FFM: Digman, 1990, as cited in Jenkins-Guarnieri, Wright, & Johnson, 2013), and attachment pattern conducted by Jenkins-Guarnieri et al. (2013), attachment insecurity was found negatively correlated with extraversion and positively correlated with neuroticism. Extraversion, then, showed a positive correlation with interpersonal competency and Facebook use while neuroticism did not show significant correlations with either (Jenkins-Guarnieri et al., 2013). Their conclusion, based on the model they suggested, was that attachment insecurity would moderate individuals' Facebook use intensity (Jenkins-Guarnieri et al., 2013).

Two years later, Hart, Nailling, Bizer, and Collins (2015) published their study on the topic to present an association between attachment insecurity and intense Facebook use. Hart et al. (2015) argue that individuals with attachment anxiety tend to actively post on Facebook in order to seek feedback/attention and social support while those who with attachment avoidance showed low levels of Facebook activity, potentially due to low levels of extraversion. Fox and Rooney (2015) found positive correlations between intense Facebook use and narcissism, with a possible association with low self-esteem in the form of self-objectification.

The relationships of online behaviors and their social implications, especially aggressive behaviors, have been increasingly studied in recent years with advances in technology, as we have become exposed to numerous cases of cyber-bullying and cyber-aggression (Sugarman & Willoughby, 2013). In this blog entry, I would like to narrow the scope of discussion down to the following two topics: 1) how does Facebook activity meet the needs of certain personality types? and 2) how may a high level of Facebook activity be correlated with power-seeking behaviors?

1) How does Facebook activity meet the needs of certain personality types?

Jenkins-Guarnieri et al. (2013) asked the research participants to rate their own levels of the Big Five personality factors (i.e., neuroticism, openness, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness), which is necessary susceptible to response biases: Some may have reflected their ideal personality traits on their responses. While the extroverts in this study showed high levels of Facebook use, they may indeed have attachment anxiety, or low self-esteem, as Hart et al. (2015) contend.

As Arnett (2000) argued, the emerging adulthood is a critical phase in modern adolescents and young adults' identity development process. As competency and independence tend to be perceived as socially favorable characteristics in Western cultures, a perceived sense of incompetency learned through unsatisfactory social relations or academic achievement may drive these young adults to attempt to 'mask' their feeling of defeat by high activity on social media, about which Marshall, Lefringhausen and Ferenczi (2015) state in their study that self-reported data from individuals with narcissistic personality traits need more objective means of measurement. It is based on my personal impression that I support Hart et al. (2015) in that these individuals may feel compelled to engage in feedback-seeking behavior to quell their anxiety and sense of inadequacy.

Low self-esteem and narcissistic personality are believed to be associated per the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). An in-depth study on relationships among the Big Five personality inventory and Facebook behaviors by Marshall et al. (2015) conclude that; extraverts use Facebook frequently to communicate about their achievements and to disseminate information, and that they showed higher self-esteem; neurotic individuals may be driven to post for validation from others; individuals with openness often posted about intellectual topics and to disseminate information; conscientious people showed higher self-esteem not particularly related to their Facebook behavior; people with agreeableness liked and commented on others' post often and showed a significant negative correlation with narcissism.

2) how may a high level of Facebook activity be correlated with power-seeking behaviors?

Marshall et al. (2015) generally contend that frequent posting on Facebook is motivated by the need for validation, self-expression, communication, and dissemination of information. In terms of power-seeking behavior, there is an emerging body of studies on narcissistic behaviors on social media. In the study by Marshall et al. (2015), narcissism and neuroticism showed higher motivation for validation when compared to other personality traits. Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by:

Impairments in self functioning (a or b): a. Identity: Excessive reference to others for self-definition and self-esteem regulation; exaggerated self-appraisal may be inflated or deflated, or vacillate between extremes; emotional regulation mirrors fluctuations in self-esteem. b. Self-direction: Goal-setting is based on gaining approval from others; personal standards are unreasonably high in order to see oneself as exceptional, or too low based on a sense of entitlement; often unaware of own motivations. AND

Impairments in interpersonal functioning (a or b): a. Empathy: Impaired ability to recognize or identify with the feelings and needs of others; excessively attuned to reactions of others, but only if perceived as relevant to self; over- or underestimate of own effect on others. b. Intimacy: Relationships largely superficial and exist to serve self-esteem regulation; mutuality constrained by little genuine interest in others‟ experiences and predominance of a need for personal gain

Pathological personality traits (antagonism in particular), characterized by: a. Grandiosity: Feelings of entitlement, b. Attention seeking: Excessive attempts to attract and be the focus of the attention of others.

In my personal impression, high Facebook use, especially when it is accompanied by personal branding and self-promotion, appears like a sign of self-objectification, in which individuals see and promote their values primarily in their surface-level characteristics (e.g., physical appearance, job-related/academic performance) instead of deep-level characteristics (e.g., personal values, passions, capabilities). This is in itself characteristic of narcissism in that individuals seek to gain more power or social position through branding of themselves or of others, and that they may see self and others merely as tools/objects to access their needs, showing a lack of empathetic/humanizing capabilities. Carpenter (2012) states narcissistic individuals high in grandiosity/exhibitionism (GE) particularly use Facebook frequently for self-promotion, which is often accompanied by aggression and high criticism-sensitivity associated with entitlement/exploitativeness (EE).

While individuals with neuroticism may also seek validation through Facebook posts, the differences between neurotic individuals and narcissistic individuals in their Facebook behaviors (Marshall et al., 2015) should be noted. Shown below are correlations between individuals personality traits (i.e., neurotic or narcissistic) and the topics and motives of their Facebook posts:

Neuroticism: posts on romantic partners -.09, posts on children .02, self-expression -.01, communication .05, information .10

Narcissism: posts on romantic partners -.06, posts on children -.06, self-expression .13, communication -.02, information .02

A stark difference in the number of the 'Likes' and comments has been revealed (neuroticism .01, narcissism .15), which Carpenter (2012) explains that narcissistic individuals may deliberately post sensational posts in order to gain attention. High GE and EE individuals do tend to have a greater number of 'friends' on Facebook with frequent sending and accepting of friend requests (Carpenter, 2012). While the shallow relationships that may lead to an increase in the number of 'Likes' and comments, which they may translate into social support or a sense of power, such positive reactions to their posts may eventually be moderated by their repeated aggression and criticism-sensitivity, antisocial behavior, derogatory remarks on others' opinions and/or beliefs, excessive self-focus, and detached communication (Carpenter, 2012).

Self-esteem is highly valued in American culture, which also values self-sufficiency, individualism, independence, and mastery (Schwartz, 2006). Self-focus or self-promotion generally is not perceived favorably in collectivist cultures that value social harmony, and the display of achievements or self-esteem may be seen as arrogance and socially disruptive (Schwartz, 2006). Some U.K.-based scholars have noticed increasing narcissism in British adolescents' online behaviors.

A greater sense of self-sufficiency, however, may be pricy if it enables individuals to dehumanize others and self; human development occurs in society and through socialization in various social settings. Often, we deepen our awareness and knowledge about ourselves, others and the world through such social connections, learn to regulate our detrimental/harmful behaviors, and learn who we are.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).  Washington DC: Author.

Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469-80.

Carpenter, C. J. (2012). Narcissism on Facebook: Self-promotional and anti-social behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(4), 482-486. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.01

Fox, J., & Rooney, M. C. (2015). The Dark Triad and trait self-objectification as predictors of men’s use and self-presentation behaviors on social networking sites. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 161-165. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.017

Hart, J., Nailling, E., Bizer, G. Y., Collins, C. K. (2015). Attachment theory as a framework for explaining engagement with Facebook. Personality and Individual Differences, 77, 33-40.

Jenkins-Guarnieri, M. A., Wright, S. L., & Johnson, B. J. (2013). The interrelations among attachment style, personality traits, interpersonal competency, and Facebook use. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 2(2), 117-131. doi: 10.1037/a0030946

Marshall, T. C., Lefringhausen, K., & Ferenczi, N. (2015). The big-five, self-esteem and narcissism as predictors of the topics people write about in Facebook status updates. Personality and Individual Differences, 85, 35-40. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.04.039

Schwartz, S. (2006). A theory of cultural value orientations: Explication and application. Comparative sociology, 5(2-3), 137-182.

Sugarman, D. B. & Willoughby, T. (2013). Technology and violence: Conceptual issues raised by the rapidly changing social environment. Psychology of Violence, 3(1), 1-8. doi:  10.1037/a0031010

[tetechinfo]

Hati-Hati! Gadget Dapat Membuat Anak Anda Makin Individualis

Hati-Hati! Gadget Dapat Membuat Anak Anda Makin Individualis

HARIANACEH.co.id – Psikolog anak dan remaja dari Lembaga Psikologi Terapan Universitas Indonesia, Vera Itabiliana Hadiwidjojo mengatakan perangkat komunikasi atau “gadget” membuat anak menjadi individualis.

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[ahtsis]

Memikirkan baik untuk diri sendiri itu awal dunia yang membaik

Kamu ingin sistem yang lebih baik, kamu mengkritik atasanmu. Kamu ingin kehidupan yang lebih baik, kamu berteriak di depan pintu majikanmu. Kamu marah karena dunia tak kunjung membaik, kamu menyalahkan pemimpin yang kamu pilih.

Mengapa tidak kamu sekolah saja yang baik, pelajari kehidupanmu, kemudian ambil alih semua yang kamu persalahkan?