"According to the prevalent secular paradigm, biological evolution is the result of physical processes operating according to impersonal laws. It is a mechanistic model.
But what if, instead of reducing biology to physics and viewing the cosmos as a machine, we try to understand the physical universe according to a biological model — that is, as alive? As Joseph Campbell observed, 'If you want to change the world, you have to change the metaphor.'...
So what other models are possible? Insofar as the universe constantly evolves new and more complex structures, is it better understood as an organism?
The different metaphors have very different implications. Machines can be disassembled into their components, cleaned, and after reassembly they work better than ever — but don't try that with an animal! That is because the various parts of a mechanism are lifeless in themselves but an organism is alive. And the components of an organism are better understood as organs.
This is more consistent with Indra's Net, a Mahayana metaphor that compares the cosmos to a multidimensional web with a jewel at each knot. Each of these jewels reflects all the others, and each of those reflections also reflects all the other reflections, ad infinitum. According to Francis Cook in Hua-Yen Buddhism, Indra's Net 'symbolizes a cosmos in which there is an infinitely repeated interrelationship among all the members of the cosmos.' Because the totality is a vast body of members each sustaining and defining all the others, 'the cosmos is, in short, a self-creating, self-maintaining, and self-defining organism.' In biological language, such a cosmos is self-organizing.
If the cosmos is a self-organizing organism, perhaps the earth too is something more than a place where we just happen to reside, more than a source of resources to be exploited as we like.
Does that also mean that our species is something more than the accidental product of random genetic mutation? An organ is a collection of tissues forming a structural unit that has a specific function within the larger organism. Are human beings an organ within the Great Organism? If so, what is our function?"
- David R. Loy, from Ecodharma: Buddhist Teachings for the Ecological Crisis