Jul 15
A spliceosome-independent eukaryote generated by complete intron removal - Research
Elimination of all spliceosomal introns reveals a spliceosome-independent eukaryote. Read more about this post… Credits: Source Disclaimer
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A spliceosome-independent eukaryote generated by complete intron removal - Research
Elimination of all spliceosomal introns reveals a spliceosome-independent eukaryote. Read more about this post… Credits: Source Disclaimer
SciTech Chronicles. . . . . . . . .July 12th, 2026
Vol VII Issue 12 Who Said this? In 100 years of teaching we have gone from teaching Latin and Greek in High School to teaching Remedial Engl
Abstract The phenomenon of the positive influence of introns on the expression of a corresponding gene, which is called intron-mediated enha
Abstract The phenomenon of the positive influence of introns on the expression of a corresponding gene, which is called intron-mediated enhancement (IME), is characteristic of a wide variety of organisms, including nematodes, insects, mammals, fungi, and plants, and occurs due to an as-yet-undefined fundamental mechanism. IME introns have been used for a long time, in particular, in plant biotechnology. Understanding the mechanisms of this phenomenon allows predicting and easily generating stimulatory introns with the given properties and creating highly advantageous phenotypes. It will also give the greenlight to the use of IME in gene therapy and to improve the production of pharmaceutical proteins. In this review, we analysed previously proposed models of IME functioning mechanisms and identified factors that can directly or indirectly determine IME under different conditions and at different levels of gene expression, such as experimental methods of IME research, regulatory RNAs, sequence properties, intron position and orientation, factors at the levels of DNA, transcription, splicing, mRNA, translation, genes in which IME is detected, tissue specificity, repression and how some factors relate to each other by importance. Since there is no single mechanism of IME, and the effect may differ in different species, when modelling this process, only the cases of IME affecting the same level of expression should be compared with each other, taking into account the experimental conditions. Identifying the biological factors that may determine IME and the relationship between them will help in the future to create a corresponding data set suitable for machine learning and try to solve the mystery of the IME phenomenon using machine learning.
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DNA Dizileri Hücrelerin Açlıktan Ölmesini Engelleyebilir
DNA Dizileri Hücrelerin Açlıktan Ölmesini Engelleyebilir
İntron adı verilen, kodlanmayan DNA uzantıları önemli bir hayatta kalma fonksiyonuna sahip olabilir.
Genom boyunca noktalı görünüşte anlamsız olan DNA parçaları aslında bir işleve sahip olabilir: Hücrelerin açlıktan ölmesini engellemek.
16 Ocak’ta Nature’da yayınlanan iki araştırma, intron adı verilen kodlayıcı olmayan DNA uzantılarının, hücrelerin büyüme hızını kontrol etmeye yardımcı olarak…
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Structure des gènes eucaryotes
Structure des gènes eucaryotes #exon #génétique #intron
Les gènes eucaryotes sont constitués de segments codants et non codants d’ADN, appelés respectivement exons et introns. À première vue, il semble que ce soit une charge inutile de transporter l’ADN sans fonctions évidentes dans un gène. Cependant, il a été reconnu que cela a de grands avantages évolutifs. Lorsque des parties de gènes différents sont réarrangés sur de nouveaux sites chromosomiques…
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RNAs circulares (parte I)
Aunque sabemos que los RNA forman estructuras tridimensionales y horquillas, al menos a mi no se me había ocurrido pensar que pudieran formar estructuras circulares. De hecho lo hacen. En este post os resumo un poco lo que se sabe de estos RNA circulares.
A veces en las células, diferentes moléculas de RNA se unen por splicing (trans-splicing), pero el enlace covalente entre sus extremos para formar una RNA circular (circRNA) era usualmente considerado raro. Los cirRNAs se descubrieron en plantas y se vio que codificaban agentes subvirales. También se encontraron en el virus de la hepatitis δ. Luego se ecnontraron en los genes Ets-1 de humanos y en el Sry de ratón. Se sugirió que la presencia de secuencias invertidas en los intrones flanqueantes era crucial para la circularización del Sry en ratones, especialmente para exones más grandes. Sin embargo, al principio se asumió que eran errores del splicing y que por lo tanto carecían de función biológica.
Recientemente se identificaron circRNAs de humano de los loci INK4a/ARF y CDR1 y se sugirió que afectaban al riesgo de padecer arterioesclerosis o que regulaban la expresión de mRNA, por lo tanto proponiendo que estos circRNA tenían funciones fisiológicas.
Posteriormente miles de circRNA se identificaron en muchas líneas celulares humanas, aludiendo a ellos como esponjas de miRNAs ya que poseían varios sitios de unión a estos.
La mayoría de los circRNA son estables y se encuentran en el citoplasma, posiblemente debido a su resistencia a la maquinaria de procesado de RNA lineales. Sin embargo, los transcritos de circRNA se expresan generalmente a un nivel más bajo que los de RNA lineales. En un estudio en el que se realizaron análisis bioinformáticos se vio que los exones no colineales que se emplaman, estaban flanqueados por intrones más largos, y la existencia de elementos Alu en los intrones flanqueantes se predijo que estaba altamente asociada con la formación de circRNA en humanos.
A todo esto hay que sumarle lo descubierto en otros estudios, que mencionan que existe una circularización alternativa, lo cual junto al splicing alternativo hacen que de un solo gen puedan formarse muchos circRNA distintos.
De esta forma se añade un nivel nuevo de complejidad al estudio de los transcriptomas y su regulación. Nadie dijo que fuera fácil.
Hasta aquí lo que os cuento hoy. Este tema da para más de un post así que seguiré con la segunda parte en otro momento. Mucha mucha mucha más información aquí.