Mathematician of the month: Evariste Galois
After a lengthy essay from my friend, this month’s mathematician is Evariste Galois (GAL - wah).
Galois was born on the 25th of October, 1811. He first took the entrance exam for highly prestigious École Polytechnique in 1828 despite a lack of normal preparation; he failed due to a lack of explanations for his work in the oral exam. In the same year, he entered the far inferior École Normale, where some of the teachers were more sympathetic.
In 1829, Galois’s father committed suicide, and days later Galois took his second (and final) entrance exam for the École Polytechnique. Again, he didn’t get in - however the reasons for this are disputable. Allegedly he made too jumps between his explanations, which confused the incompetent examiner, and infuriated Galois. In 1830, Galois and his fellow students were locked in the school by its director to prevent their participation in the historic les Trois Glorieuses. Galois wrote a scathing, critical letter to the Gazette des Écoles, and although his name was ommitted, he was then expelled.
Galois grew up in a era of political turmoil, and ended up in a military branch deemed so generally offensive that it was a criminal offense to be wearing their uniform. At one point Galois himself was arrested and charged with 6 months in prison for illegal wearing of it. 9 and a half months later and he was released.
Galois died on the 30th May, 1832, in a duel with Pescheux d’Herbinville. Despite speculation, it’s unclear as to the cause of the duel. It’s unlikely we will ever know...