#nominative case

[myadventuresinrussian]

When to Use What Case

Nom- naming things/subject (что/кто/это)

Prep- where/about (где/о чём)

Gen- possession/of, where from (откуда)

Acc- direct object, direction after verbs of motion (where to [куда])

Dat- indirect object (кому)

Instr- instrument that performs action/with (с кем)

This list is not comprehensive. I’ve included some of the questions that can be used with them, but none of the prepositions. There is also ways to use the cases that are not included, I do not know all of them. Also, I have neglected putting examples; I will come up with some eventually.

[myadventuresinrussian]

the basic case aka nominative

aka nom

Basic because it was the first one I learned/the one present in the dictionary/the default one.

What is it you ask?

It names things. Or, is the subject of a sentence. 

Like everything in Russian, there are forms for everything (pronouns, nouns, names, adjectives) and they have gender (masculine, feminine, neuter) and number and for whether it is hard or soft.

So, nouns.

Masculine

магазин- store

hard ending is null/nothing

словарь- dictionary

soft ending is ь

Feminine

карта- map

hard ending is а

тётя- aunt

soft ending is я

Neuter

окно- window

hard ending is о

море- sea

soft ending is е

Plural

for masc and fem with a hard ending: магазины/карты

ending is ы

masc/fem, soft ending: словари/тёти

ending is и

neuter, hard: окна

ending is а

neuter, soft: моря

ending is я

Yes, the windows does look like a singular feminine noun. This isn’t the only case to do this.

Adjectives

Masc

новый- new

ending is ый, or ой, or ий

Fem

новая

ending is ая

Neut

новое

ending is ое, or ее

Pl

новые

ending is ые, or ие

I’m not explaining the reasons for the different endings. Maybe I’ll come back and do that later. 

Pronouns

Yes, these change with cases. It does suck. See how the alphabet is the easy part.

Personal

я- I

ты- you (informal, singular)

он/она/оно- he/she/it (neut)*

мы- we

вы- you (formal, plural)

они- they

Possessive**

мой, моя, моё, мои- my

твой, твоя, твоё, твои- your

его, её- his/hers (these are nice, they don’t change)

наш, наша, наше, наши- our

ваш, ваша, ваше, ваши-your

их- their (same with this one)

whose

masc- чей

fem- чья

neu- чьё

pl- чьи

who/what- кто/что 

this/that

m- этот/тот

f- эта/та

n- это/то

p- эти/те

I think this is all for nom (except for the adj). If I didn’t include it, I don’t know it.

*gender applies to things, a hotel (гостини-ца) is a she, not an it, because it is feminine

**masc, fem, neut, pl

[angelikasgerman]

Who or What? Understanding the nominative case in German

This is a very brief introduction to the German nominative case with definite articles. The video is a sample lesson from my online course German grammar – the four cases where you can find out much more. Every sentence, whether in English or in German, has at least a subject and a verb. For example in English ‘the man walks’ has the subject ‘the man’ and the verb ‘walks’. ‘The man walks’ in…

Who or What? Understanding the nominative case in German

[felix-conlangs]

Pronouns in Schlötz part 1:

(nominative case)

1SG.NOM: wof /voːf/

2SG.NOM: rief /ʁiːf/

3SGM.NOM: jef /jeːf/

3SGF.NOM: zef /tseːf/

3SGGN.NOM: kef /keːf/

3SGINAM.NOM: ref /ʁeːf/

1PL.NOM: guf /guːf/

2PL.NOM: nof /noːf/

3PL.NOM: früf /fʁyːf/

[felix-conlangs]

Zwõ’o personal pronouns part 1:

(nominative case) (subject)

1SG: /ˈpɑ.xɑ/ paxa

2SG: /ˈɛ.nɛm/ enem

3SGM: /ˈo.ʔox/ o’ox

3SGF: /ˈɛ.ʔɛx/ e’ex

3SGGN: /ˈi.ʔix/ i’ix

3SGINAM: /ˈɑ.ʔɑx/ a’ax

1PL: /ˈðɛ.θo/ ðeþo

2PL: /ˈʋo.ʁu/ voru

3PL: /ˈo.mɛn/ omen

[felix-conlangs]

Nakopu personal pronouns part 1:

pronouns: 

NOM:

1SG: ani

2SG: noho

3SG.M: piu

3SG.F: pau

3SG.GN: pii

3SG.INAM: pou

1DU.IN: mainuu

1DU.EX: alalii

1PL.IN: einuu

1PL.EX: woolii

2DU: leepa

2PL: neni

3DU: lokou

3PL: iupi

[felix-conlangs]

pronouns in Pikotipi part 1: nominative

1SG: iho /ˈi.ɣɔ/

2SG: ću /tɕu/

3SGM: lił /liw/

3SGF: leł /lɛw/

3SGGN: luł /luw/

1PL: nol /nɔl/

2PL: wol /wɔl/

3PL: loru /ˈlɔ.ɾu/

[felix-conlangs]

ixi personal pronouns part 1

nominative case:

1SG.NOM: /kjiɾ/ κλιρ

2SG.NOM: /suɣ/ συγ

3SGM.NOM: /mɔ/ μω

3SGF.NOM: /ma/ μα

3SGGN.NOM: /mi/ μι

3GINAM.NOM: /mu/ μυ

1PL.NOM: /nɔf/ νωφ

2PL.NOM: /tɛd/ τηδ

3PL.NOM: /ɾak/ ρακ

4P.NOM: /mo/ μο

5P.NOM: /my/ μϋ