Thoughts about "Failing by Design"
In a blog entry “Failing by design: How We Make Teaching Too Hard For Mere Mortals” Robert Pondiscio asked a very important question that I think all school disticts should ask themselves: “What is the job of the teacher?”
At first glance, that seems like a really simple question: A teacher should teach. But what does that mean exactly?
Pondiscio writes about how teachers are asked not only to do the actual teaching, but also, in many instances, to locate good instructional materials for a wide range of students in their classes, from those with special needs to those that have advanced needs. These materials that are often not provided by school districts. Indeed, over 94% of teachers responding to a survey indicated that they use Google to locate instructional materials, and over 80% use Pinterest because their school districts do not provide them with adequate, in their opinion, resources. This requires teachers to not only be experts in the subject they (of course), how best to teach a subject (pedegogy), and to create their own lessons (experts in instructional design). While most teachers are subject experts and most are pedagogical experts, most are not instructional design experts.
Pondiscio adds: “Expecting teachers to be expert pedagogues and instructional designers is one of the ways in which we push the job far beyond the abilities of mere mortals. Add the expectation that teachers should differentiate every lesson to meet the needs of each individual student, and the job falls well outside the capacity of nearly all of America's 3.7 million classroom teachers (myself included).” Asking, and expecting teachers to design rigorous lessons for all of the diverse students in their classes, and expecting them to work every time is akin to asking your doctor to not only diagnose your illness, but also make the medicine that you will take as well. Education professor Marcy Stein from University of Washington Tacoma said: ”Few teachers ever take coursework on instructional design and, therefore, have little knowledge of the role it plays in student learning."
Should teachers be expected to not only teach a subject but also to design that which they are teaching? I suppose that there are teachers that can do both, but they are few and far between, much like the chef that can design the menu AND cook the meal.
School districts often turn to services that provide them with ready-made , pre-vetted curriculum. In the past, teachers used textbooks as the curriculum, going from Chapter 1 to Chapter 30 across the year. But with the advent of the internet, the rise of state standards, and the explosion of readily available free information those days are mostly gone, and textbooks are now used mainly as classroom resources and not as a complete curriculum. That is actually a good thing. However, it imposes more work on an already time-stressed teacher.
Pondiscio asks these very relevant questions that I believe all school districts should be asking themselves:
What exactly is the teacher's job, and what is the best use of her limited time? Is it deciding what to teach, or how to teach it?
Is the soul of the work instructional design or instructional delivery?
Do you want your child’s teacher to have the time to analyze student work and develop a keen eye for diagnosing mistakes and misunderstandings?
Do you want her to give your child rich and meaningful feedback on assignments and homework?
In most districts, the emphasis on professional development is on HOW to teach, not WHAT to teach or even how to choose good lessons. It is assumed that a teacher “knows her stuff” and can teach that to students. It is also assumed that the teacher can vet the material as good or bad, which may be a vast over assumption. Time starved teachers often look for ANYTHING that might seem like a good lesson. Thus the rise of websites like “Teachers Pay Teacher” where educators can literally pay other educators to write lessons for them. One survey found at least half of all teachers spend up to 4 hours a week “looking for appropriate lessons” for their classrooms.
With few exceptions, we should not be asking teachers to design curricula for classrooms. The architect should not build the house.The book author should not have to print and bind the book. Well vetted, well designed instructional materials for students at all ages should be put into place before a teacher steps one foot into a classroom. With that being said, districts that cannot provide that level of material need to train teachers on the best instructional design practices so that at least they will be able to understand the difference between a well designed lesson and one that will fail to achieve the intended educational goal.