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Nootropics Phenylpiracetam: Benefits+Danger+Stacks丨Phcoker

One of the most popular brain stimulant that enhances cognition, mood, memory and physical functioning of the human body is the Phenylpiracetam. This drug is an improved piracetam version that was developed in 1983 at the Russian Academy of Sciences. The drug was designed to help in the treatment of prolonged stress that many cosmonauts were experiencing while on the extended space missions. Though the studies on the Phenylpiracetam has been limited to some studies done in Russia, the drug has proven to be effective in restoring neurological functions, help in reduction of depression, and enhance cognitive functions in the organic brain lesions patients.

The drug since it was developed in Russia has been selling under the brand name Phenotropil up to the year 2017. Phenylpiracetam has been a restricted drug that was only sold under doctor’s or health practitioner’s prescription. However, the production of this powerful brain stimulant was stopped due to the rise of conflicts between the Russian pharmaceutical company Valenta which was the main manufacturer of the drug and the Phenotropil creator Valentina Akhapkina. The Phenylpiracetam will now be produced by the newly-formed company known as Vira Innfarm.

In other parts of the world and more so in North America, Phenylpiracetam is used as a nootropic and is known for improving human memory, physical stamina, productivity, and focus. The drug is yet to be approved by the United States of America Food and Drug Administration. Therefore, In the US, the Phenylpiracetam is unregulated and can be purchased, and sold legally. However, in Canada, the drug cannot be sold lawfully but one can import and use it without conflicting with the law. On the other hand, the World Ant-Doping Agency has banned the use of the Phenylpiracetam by athletes due to its stimulating properties as well as helping users endure extreme cold.

What is Phenylpiracetam?

Phenylpiracetam (77472-70-9) belongs to the neuroprotective drugs group. The drug contains anticonvulsant, nootropic, antiastenicheskoe, anxiolytic and neuro modulating actions. The Phenylpiracetam also has a stimulating effect on your brain that enhances the overall physical body performance. The drug was initially used by athletes to help them improve performance and achieve their career goals. Unfortunately, in recent years the drug has been prohibited for use during sports after the realization that it was giving some athletes an advantage over the others.

The drug is known for stimulating the neuron receptors of the central nervous system that are involved in the memory and the thought process such as the GABA receptors, NDMA receptors, and acetylcholine. Studies also show that the drug can also increase the dopamine receptors activity. The Phenylpiracetam is a water-soluble nootropic that belongs to racetam chemical class and currently is the most potent racetam. Despite being developed in Russia, the drug has gained popularity in various parts of the world although it sales under a different brand name.

You can quickly get the drug from various online platforms and shops, however, don’t use it without doctor’s prescription. In case, you are an active athlete, avoid using this drug since the anti-doping agency has banned it. Ask your doctor to guide you until you complete the drug cycle. Don’t just use the Phenylpiracetam, because your friends are using it since that can be very risky for your health.

How does Phenylpiracetam work in the Brain?

Phenylpiracetam and piracetam have the same chemical structure, the difference being the addition of the phenyl group attached to the structure. The role of the phenyl group is to increase the drug’s capability to dissolve in oils, fats, and lipids which enhances the absorption of the Phenylpiracetam in your body. Looking at this drug’s properties, you can then tell what makes it more potent than the original piracetam and how it gets easily absorbed into the body as well as easily passing through the barrier between the blood and the brain. Phenylpiracetam (77472-70-9) is an effective drug that acts faster upon its application into your body.

Your brain will detect the drug within 30 minutes after the ingestion. However, the drug has a short half-life ranging between 5 to 7 hours. That means after taking the medication, you will experience the full effects for about 5 hours depending on your body strength. Some people will enjoy the results for about 7 hours while others it can’t go even beyond the 5 hours which is normal. However, if the effects stay longer than the stipulated time, conduct your doctor immediately. Human bodies are complicated, and the drug might react differently with your body and even lead to severe effects. Prolonged effects can be harmful to both your body and brain as well. Therefore, always make sure you take the right dose, and you follow your doctor’s instructions. Since Phenylpiracetam is a fast-acting drug, it’s not supposed to stay active in your body for a long time.

In the brain, the drug has various mechanisms of action, the majority of them involving stimulation of the different neurotransmitters production. The Phenylpiracetam functions like an ampakine which increases the excitatory neurotransmitters glutamate levels through stimulating the AMPA receptors. The drug’s action is majorly associated with improving the cognitive function and can also play an essential role in the drug’s ability to enhance your brain focus and memory at the same time. From the animal studies that were conducted by various scholars, the results show that the Phenylpiracetam can help in the enhancement of extracellular dopamine levels, in two ways, 1) by acting as dopamine reuptake inhibitor and 2) through activating the dopaminergic system.

Dopamine is an essential neurotransmitter that is responsible for controlling motivation, attention, memory, body movements and the regulation of your emotions. Once the dopamine levels have been increased in your body, you will for sure experience the positive results of the Phenylpiracetam which include enhanced mood, focus, and motivation amongst many others to be discussed later in this article. Dopamine is the direct precursor for the stimulatory neurotransmitter norepinephrine that is increases the blood pressure, blood sugar, heart beat rate as well as the body fats. The effects are almost similar and closely related to the Phenylpiracetam stamina and energy boosting ability.

Just like the racetam-type nootropics, the Phenylpiracetam is also responsible for boosting the acetylcholine production and is also called “the learning neurotransmitter” due to its close association with cognition aspects. The human brain uses the choline to manufacture the acetylcholine and might soon drain its stores when you are taking racetams. Therefore, that’s the reason why it’s recommended to take the Phenylpiracetam together with supplemental choline. Generally, Phenylpiracetam has performed different functions in your brain such as boosting the overall brain health in different ways. The major functions that stand out for this drug include the following.

1. As a stimulant

Once you take your correct Phenylpiracetam dose, it works excellently in increasing the neuroreceptors density. As mentioned earlier, studies have shown that Phenylpiracetam stimulates the production of various receptors in the brain such as dopamine, GABA, NMDA, and acetylcholine. The effect leads to the creation of more essential neurotransmitters and boosting their effectiveness too. Just like Adderall and Ritalin, Phenylpiracetam helps in improving the dopamine effectiveness in the brain. Thus increasing cognition, decision-making capacity, and alertness.

However, Phenylpiracetam doesn’t come with severe stimulant side effects like the Adderall and Ritalin. That means you will not experience rapid heartbeats, irritability or even fatigue after using the drug. Instead, you can be sure to enjoy boosted stamina and physical endurance as well as improved overall body energy. For the athletes, the bad news is that this drug use was banned a few years ago and it will not be perfect for you if you’re planning to participate in the upcoming Olympics. But you can consult your physician to check if you can get an alternative safer drug that will help you boost your energy, focus and overall body strength.

2. The drug decreases depression and anxiety

Phenylpiracetam is also an excellent solution to those suffering from depression and anxiety. Just like the way the drug works as a stimulant, its effects can help in eliminating the depression and anxiety symptoms. Increasing the production of various receptors in the brain like the GABA, glutamate, and Choline affect the levels of calming neurotransmitters serotonin and GABA. In return, the Phenylpiracetam fills your mind with neurochemicals that are essential in helping you chill out. Your brain needs to relax and cool down for you to stop thinking a lot and therefore reducing the anxiety and stress at the same time. Your doctor can prescribe this drug if your depression levels are too high and all other available methods have failed to help you.

Phenylpiracetam Benefits

This nootropic drug presents various benefits for all users including bodybuilders, athletes and other users who would like to experience the Phenylpiracetam benefits. Using the pill correctly and taking the right dosage, you will be sure of experiencing the following positive results.

Welcome to buy Phenylpiracetam!

1. Enhance cognitive and memory

Various clinical studies and trials that have been done to determine the effectiveness of Phenylpiracetam, have shown that the drug can help in improving cognition among the stroke or organic brain lesions patients. Although there is no known or available documented study on the drug’s effects on health persons and young people, majority of those who use the drug have reported positive results such as enabling them to be alert, productive and remain motivated. On the other hand, thousands of users also say that after using the drug their memory improved and they were capable of remembering many things including their past life memories. Animal studies also show that the Phenylpiracetam contain anti-amnesic features. Sometimes as people age their memory capacity might go down or even due to certain brain diseases that lower focus and cognition. Phenylpiracetam turns out to be the best solution to memory and majority of the brain functioning issues.

2. Excellent energy booster

What makes this drug popular among bodybuilders and athletes is its ability to boost the overall body energy which helps them achieve their career goals. Phenylpiracetam has a chemical structure similar to that of phenethylamine substances such as Adderall which is also another great energy boosting supplement. Studies have shown that people suffering from chronic low blood flow in their brains a condition known as ischemia or chronic fatigue syndrome, Phenylpiracetam can help them get healed after using the drug for at least one month. The drug also improves the overall body physical activity and movement giving the user enough energy. Majority of the Phenylpiracetam reports also indicate that the drug helps them reduce fatigue, improve productivity as well as enhancing socialfluency.

The action by the World Anti-Doping Agency to ban the usage of this drug is also another indicator of how it helps boost body energy for the athletes who use it, giving them an advantage over others. However, in other sporting activities where there are no drug-testing, the Phenylpiracetam has helped many athletes achieve their goals. The drug also works better as a pre-workout supplement to help individuals have the energy required to train effectively. Remember that Phenylpiracetam will only be useful if you use it under your doctor’s supervision and follow the usage instructions.

3. Helps in the reduction of depression and anxiety

Clinical studies indicate that Phenylpiracetam successfully reduces depression and stress for up to 99% of the patients suffering from brain damage, stroke or surgery in just one month of treatment. Equally, a study that included 35 patients suffering from heart disease who had high levels of depression and anxiety disorders, after 12 weeks of treatment using Phenylpiracetam the levels reduced. Nevertheless, after about eight weeks the drug effectiveness reduced. The calming effect of this drug result from the increase of GABA receptors which enable your brain to relax.

4. Phenylpiracetam can treat epilepsy

Epilepsy is a chronic disease that is caused by sudden surges of electricity in your mind. Disruption of this electricity results in communication failure between your brain cells. Phenylpiracetam enhances brain cell communication, therefore reducing the seizures activity. Various studies and clinical trials have shown that when the drug is used on a daily basis for two months can serve as an excellent drug for treating epilepsy when used with other anti-seizure medications. At the same time, the combination of Phenylpiracetam and anti-seizure other medicines, also enhance cognitive function. The drug also selectively minimize the brain cells activation which controls the cortical motor neurons.

Other benefits that this Phenylpiracetam provides to many of its users also include improving the body immunity, reduce weight gain, and the overall body physical performance. There are many positive effects that you will enjoy by using this fantastic drug. For the active athletes participating in active games that this drug is prohibited, should avoid this drug since it can spell doom to your career. However, in case you have a condition that can be treated by Phenylpiracetam, you will have no choice but to consider the drug since your health is also essential.

Phenylpiracetam Dangers

Despite the many positive Phenylpiracetam effects, the drug also has various side effects that you will experience as you continue with your dosage. However, the side effects can be minimal if you use the medication correctly according to the doctor’s instructions. Sometimes the drug might react differently with your body than expected and expose you to severe side effects. Human bodies are very complicated sometimes and maybe what you thought will work for you can easily backfire. Some of the common Phenylpiracetam dangers that you might experience after taking your dose include;

· Headaches; a majority of the Phenylpiracetam users complain of experiencing severe headaches that disappear after some time though some users experience it for a longer time than others. Choline supplements should be taken alongside the Phenylpiracetam to help in reducing the headaches. In case the trouble last for a longer time than the drug’s half-life then you need to inform your doctor immediately to find out and solve the problem. When the condition gets worse, your doctor might be forced to discontinue the dosage to find an alternative medication for you.

· Insomnia; taking your Phenylpiracetam late in the day, you might have hard times when looking for sleep at night. The stimulating effect of this drug need quality time, and that’s why the dosage should be taken early morning and early in the afternoon. It’s only after an active half-life of the drug when you will get quality sleep. Therefore, always make sure you take your dosage in time to avoid experiencing hardships when you need to sleep. Remember sleeping disorder can affect the normal functioning of your body negatively as well as affect your normal working routine. Contact your doctor in case you completely fail to get enough sleep after taking the drug.

· The Phenylpiracetam can sometimes promote heightened anger; some of the drug users complain of developing or experiencing heightened anger after taking the medication, which sometimes forces them to act or take actions that they end up regretting later. Sometimes one might even experience suicidal thoughts which are very dangerous. Those who suffer from these side effects should take caution and seek medical assistance before it gets late. Hot tempered people are mostly likely to be unable to control their increased anger after taking this drug.

· Irritability; like the piracetam, Phenylpiracetam usage can lead to some dangers such as irritation. Sometimes the irritation can be experienced after taking the doses for a while and the solution is to reduce the dosage. Phenylpiracetam high doses are mostly associated with irritation. Inform your physician when you start experiencing the irritation effects to help you find a way out.

The good news with the Phenylpiracetam dangers is that all of them can be controlled when you inform your doctor in time. Taking your first-time dosage, you might fail to experience any side effects since the dosages are usually lower for the beginners. In some cases, even the new users start experiencing the side effects immediately after taking the first dosage. Human body systems react differently to different products, such as Phenylpiracetam.

Phenylpiracetam Stacks

Many people purchase the Phenylpiracetam capsules or powder together with other stacks to enhance the performance of the drug as well as experience better results after taking the medication. The Phenylpiracetam stacks are essential in improving the mental function and enhancing cognitive decline that is usually a common problem as people age. The drug can be used alone, but it becomes more useful when various stacks accompany the dosage. Phenylpiracetam Stacks also help in reducing the side effects that one might experience after taking the drug. The nootropic stacks combine with several brain improvement products targeting various areas of your mental performance. The most common Phenylpiracetam Stacks include Noopept, choline, and Phenibut. There are also other nootropics that can be stacked with Phenylpiracetam such as piracetam, oxiracetam, Adrafinil, and aniracetam among many others. Check out the nearest bulk nootropics vendors or seek more information from your doctor.

What’s the importance of these nootropic stacks?

There are various reasons why people use the nootropic stacks alongside the Phenylpiracetam which some are as follows;

· To support long-term memory recall and formation

· Enhance resistance to the cold temperatures

· To help them keep calm when they are stressed

· To minimize the sleeping deprivation effects that are common when using the Phenylpiracetam

· For enhancement of problem-solving skills

1. Phenylpiracetam and Choline Stack

As stated earlier, Phenylpiracetam and Choline Stack is the standard and most used nootropic stack. The stack facilitates cholinergic neurotransmission in your brain. Using the drug together with choline promotes both mental clarity and positive effects to your memory while minimizing some of the severe side effects such as headaches which troubling many Phenylpiracetam users. Choline (C5H14NO) which is a natural dietary nutrient, functions as the brain neurotransmitter acetylcholine precursor. Neurotransmitters facilitate neuronal or nerve-based communications by directing signals between your mind synapses which are responsible for neurological roles. The acetylcholine plays an essential role in improving cognition, memory, and perception. Other acetylcholine functions include;

· Enhancing autonomic nervous system communications

· Influencing various brain functions such as motivation, attention, arousal, and memory.

· Acts like a neuromodulator and neurotransmitter inside your brain

· Serving as the internal transmitter in the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.

One of the Phenylpiracetam working ways includes boosting the acetylcholine activity in different parts of your brain associated with memory formation as well as enhancing the choline conversion into acetylcholine. Looking at various choline reviews, you will notice that it has helped many Phenylpiracetam users reduce the headaches they experience after taking their doses. However, not everybody will enjoy the advantages of combining choline and Phenylpiracetam, in case the headache continues don’t hesitate to contact your doctor. The recommended choline stack dosage should be 100mg Phenylpiracetam to a maximum of 250mg Citicoline (CDP Choline). Beginners should start with low dosages which can be increased gradually. The choline ration should be adjusted if you fail to experience the stack benefits.

2. Phenylpiracetam Noopept Stack

Sometimes the Phenylpiracetam can be taken together with Noopept, which is also a piracetam derivative believed to be 1000 times stronger than its archetype. On the other hand, Phenylpiracetam is 60 times stronger than the original racetam. Therefore, the combination of the Noopept stack and the Phenylpiracetam makes up an active compound that will deliver quality results. Phenylpiracetam Noopept stack should then be taken in low dosages for better and positive results. Noopept (C17H22N2014) is not a normal racetam chemically since it doesn’t have the 2-oxo-pyrrolidone structure. Phenylpiracetam Noopept Stack is currently, used in various countries in Eastern Europe and Russia as a therapeutic drug. Majority of the studies have been focusing on the Noopept effects in the protection of the neurons in the brain from different forms of damages and inducing anxiolytic effects.

The major reasons why people take Noopept is that the stack helps to improve one’s focus, concentration and enhancing memory formation as well as boosting the general cognitive function. Although currently there is no medical data available that can evaluate the efficiency of this Phenylpiracetam Noopept Stack, the undependable evidence and testimonials show that the compound works excellently in boosting and enhancing brain functions. Majority of the compound users report that it plays an essential role in increasing overall body energy and mental stimulation without exposing the users to severe side effects. The stack will make it easier for you to gain long term focus without experiencing mental fatigue. Always make sure you understand the effects of both Noopept and Phenylpiracetam before you decide to use them in the nootropic stack.

3. Phenylpiracetam Phenibut Stack

Another great Phenylpiracetam stack is the combination with phenibut which offers a perfect solution to stress, promote mental focus and calmness when taken correctly. The Phenibut (C10H13NO2) is well-known for agonizing the GABA-B receptors. The drug works almost the same way as other various GABA-B receptors agonist which include Gabapentin, Baclofen, Pregabalin, and GABOB. Phenibut is also an excellent drug for reducing anxiety, although it doesn’t seem to cause central nervous system sedation when taken in low dosages. Since the formulation of phenibut in the 1960s in Russia, the drug is still a prescription medication for;

· Reducing anxiety and fear before and after painful surgery

· Prevention of motion sickness

· Help patients to get rid of alcohol withdrawal syndrome

· Depression and dizziness

· Loos of body strength

Majority of the Phenylpiracetam and phenibut stack users have given positive feedback concerning the compound ability to minimize over-stimulation which might occur when one takes large Phenylpiracetam doses. Others claim that the stack promotes mental tranquility, undivided concentration as it facilitates flow state. Nevertheless, the drug sometimes fails to respond well with some users especially when misused frequently. Remember these nootropics should not be taken for a long time and at high dosages. Always consult with your physician to help you in choosing the right nootropics stack for your needs or condition. The Phenibut dosage should be cycled properly to avoid exposing the users to overdose, addiction, withdrawal symptoms among other severe side effects.

Phenylpiracetam with Other Drugs

The Phenylpiracetam drug has a close relationship with other nootropic drugs, and they deliver almost similar results but differ in various aspects such as effectiveness. As a user, you have to choose the best medications for you depending on your needs. Your doctor will help you select the right nootropic after undertaking a medical examination to understand your condition. Proper dosage and stacking will also be essential in helping you achieve the results you desire.

Phenylpiracetam VS Piracetam

The history of these two drugs can be traced back to the 1960s when they were developed. Phenylpiracetam was created from piracetam. And the chemical structure shows the addition of phenyl group to the piracetam to form the Phenylpiracetam we are praising today for its effectiveness as a brain stimulant and important therapeutic drug. Phenylpiracetam is said to be 60 times stronger than the original Piracetam making it favorite drug for many nootropic users. Both drugs are essential in improving the overall brain functions such as enhancing focus, memory, cognition and promoting body strength. Even when used in small dosages still Phenylpiracetam proves to be more potent than the piracetam. Your doctor will help you decide on the best nootropic for you either for stacking or when you want to use it independently. Although some people talk of accumulating the two drugs, it’s not yet clear how the two drugs can be useful when used at the same time since Phenylpiracetam is far much stronger than the piracetam. So Phenylpiracetam can still deliver quality effects even when used without piracetam. You can consult with experts to understand more about stacking the two drugs.

Phenylpiracetam VS Modafinil

Looking at the Modafinil and Phenylpiracetam reviews, you will notice that many people who have used both drugs report that they work almost in the same way. However, Phenylpiracetam and Modafinil stacking are said to deliver amazing results such as improving focus and increase the overall body energy. The stack will also enhance the fluidity of thought as well as creativity and reduce anxiety. Both drugs can help in improving exercise and sports performance. The users of both Phenylpiracetam and Modafinil report reduced cases of fatigue as well as increased energy that enables them workout for longer and improvement of results in various sporting activities. However, just like Phenylpiracetam, in 2004 Modafinil was banned for use by athletes by the World Anti-Doping Agency.

Another great similarity between the two drugs is that they all expose you to almost the same side effects which are considered minor when you take the right dosages. The side effects include headaches, dry mouth, insomnia and nausea. All the adverse effects are temporary, but in case they are prolonged seek medical attention immediately. You can consider using either of the two since they will all deliver similar results. When using both drugs stick to your doctor’s instructions for quality positive effects.

How to take Phenylpiracetam? (Or Phenylpiracetam Dosage)

This nootropic drug is mostly estimated by scientists to be 50 to 60 times stronger than the piracetam where it is derived from, meaning you need to take small dosages for the Phenylpiracetam to be effective in your body. From the studies, the drug has been discovered to be among the strongest in improving cognitive function and enhancing memory formation, mood, and mental concentration. On the other hand, this nootropic drug also proves to be excellent in boosting your mood and motivation too. For the athletes and bodybuilders, this drug can be an excellent pre-workout supplement to give you enough strength and enhance your physical performance.

The Phenylpiracetam dosages can vary from one person to another depending on one’s body strength — the clinical recommended dosage range from 100mg to 600mg that should be taken on a daily basis. The drug dose is taken twice a day, one in the morning and another one early afternoon. Avoid taking your dose later in the day since it’s a stimulant that can lead to insomnia and you will have a long night looking for quality sleep. You can also choose to use the Phenylpiracetam on specific days when you need extra focus or you need to lower your stress. You can also consider taking the drug one week then go off the following week. Request your doctor to come up with the Phenylpiracetam dosage cycle that you can be comfortable with and help you achieve the results you desire.

Phenylpiracetam half-life range from 5-7 hours but the effects depend on the dosage you take. Sometimes the drug might be active for longer or even for few hours. After your first dose inform your doctor about the experience so that in case of any advance effects, they can be tackled early enough. For the new drug users, it’s advisable to start with small dosages which can be increased later after the body system gets used to the effects. After the active half-life period elapses, half of the drug will remain on your bloodstream, and therefore you will continue enjoying the Phenylpiracetam effects. The drug users can develop the Phenylpiracetam tolerance quickly, and thus the drug needs to be used like a periodic enhancer but not a daily supplement.

Phenylpiracetam safety

This drug is among the most reliable smart drugs you will ever find on the market, and therefore, if you are not careful with dosage, it can expose you to severe side effects. Just like other racetams, you can easily experience headaches after taking your dosage which disappears after some time. However, if the headache stays for longer, it will be a great idea to inform your doctor. The best way to avoid experiencing the side effects is to accompany the drug with choline source such as Alpha GPC. Phenylpiracetam can lead to addiction, and therefore it should be taken in an on and off cycle. Alternatively, it could be safer if you take the drug only when you need to improve your cognition, focus, and memory.

It’s also recommended that you take Phenylpiracetam 2 days per week as a remedy to addiction. Nootropic stacking is also a great idea to reduce the side effects, but they don’t always work well for everybody. Sometimes the stacking can fail to work for you but work well with your friends. The best caution to take when using Phenylpiracetam is to consult your doctor to find the best supplement to stack with this smart drug for better results. Purchasing the drug over the counter can be risky even if you have easy access to it.

Phenylpiracetam

(77472-70-9)

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Buying Phenylpiracetam (77472-70-9)

Purchasing Phenylpiracetam can sometimes be hard since you have no idea where you can get the drug. However, that shouldn’t be a problem anymore since you can easily make your order online from various online vendors and it will be delivered on your doorstep within the shortest time possible. Your work will be to find the right vendor who makes in time deliveries and stocks quality drugs. Not all vendors you will find online can be trusted some can disappoint you at times. Purchase nootropics from an experienced and well-known vendor. Look at various customer reviews about the vendor before deciding to place your order. Don’t be like many people who look at the pricing instead of focusing on the quality of the product and the service offered. The reputation of the vendor should be given priority if you don’t want to regret later. In case you have friends who have been using Phenylpiracetam, the better since they will refer you to the best vendor. You can consider purchasing Phenylpiracetam bulk or just enough for a short term dosage.

Your doctor is also another reliable person that can help you get the right Phenylpiracetam vendor either online or anywhere around. Always don’t be in a rush to make an order before researching to understand how the vendor operates. Pricing can be a factor, but you need to be very careful if you need to purchase a quality product. Upon buying the Phenylpiracetam don’t take any dose before you consult your doctor since you might be exposing yourself to severe side effects that could be dangerous for your health.

References

1. Zhilyuk, V. I., Levykh, A. E., & Mamchur, V. I. (2014). A Study of the Mechanisms for Antiaggregant Activity of Pyrrolidone Derivatives in Rats with Chronic Hyperglycemia. Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine, 156(6), 799.

2. Rekis, T., Be̅rziņš, A., Orola, L., Holczbauer, T., Actiņš, A., Seidel-Morgenstern, A., & Lorenz, H. (2017). Single enantiomer’s urge to crystallize in centrosymmetric space groups: solid solutions of phenylpiracetam. Crystal Growth & Design, 17(3), 1411-1418.

3. Blank, R. H. (2016). Introduction to Cognitive Enhancement. In Cognitive Enhancement: Social and Public Policy Issues(pp. 1-41). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

4. Szulc, B. R. (2015). Synthesis and discovery of the putative cognitive enhancer BRS-015: effect on glutamatergic transmission and synaptic plasticity(Doctoral dissertation, UCL (University College London).