DANGEROUS BACTERIA THRIVE ON OCEAN PLASTIC DEBRIS
Specialist bacteria have seem to be eating the plastic garbage we throw into the ocean, but recent research shows that dangerous Vibrio bacteria are also living in plastic debris. Plastic has become the most common form of marine debris since it entered the consumer arena less than 60 years ago, and presents a major and growing global pollution problem. Despite this, what we know about plastic on open ocean ecosystems is poorly understood, particularly for microbial communities.
Researchers has collected floating plastic in the North Atlantic and after analyze them with scanning electron microscopy and next-generation sequencing to characterize the attached microbial communities they unveiled a diverse microbial community refer to as the “Plastisphere”.
Visualization of the surface show active hydrolysis of plastic (as the main picture). As proof, a DNA analisis identified several hydrocarbon-degrading gene in these bacteria, supporting the possibility that microbes play a role in degrading plastic. Some Plastisphere members may be opportunistic pathogens such as Vibrio bacteria that dominated one plastic samples. Plastisphere communities are distinct from surrounding surface water, implying that plastic serves as a novel ecological habitat in the open ocean. Vibrio are bacterias found in seawater, and cause Vibriosis. People with vibriosis become infected by consuming raw or undercooked seafood or exposing a wound to seawater, which could lead to death.
Plastic has a longer half-life than most natural floating marine substrates, and a hydrophobic surface that promotes microbial colonization and biofilm formation.
Photo: Microbial cells pitting the surface of sample, All scale bars is 10 μm.
Reference: Zettler et al. 2016. Life in the “Plastisphere”: Microbial Communities on Plastic Marine Debris. Environ. Sci. Technol.