#proteasome

[mindblowingscience]

Scientists discover new part of the immune system

New part of the immune system - hidden inside our bodies - could be used to make new antibiotics.

A new part of the immune system has been discovered and it is a goldmine of potential antibiotics, scientists have said. They've shown a part of the body known to recycle proteins has a secret mode that can spew out an arsenal of bacteria-killing chemicals. The researchers in Israel say it transforms our understanding of how we are protected against infection.

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[bpod-bpod]

Cellular Clear-out

To function properly, cells need to break down damaged proteins and keep harmful aggregates of clumped proteins under control. Clearing out this clutter is also a crucial step in the activation of neural stem cells (NSCs), when they leave their dormant state, or quiescence, and begin dividing to produce new neural cells. Pictured are NSCs (their nuclei labelled in cyan) in a young mouse’s brain; in red is vimentin, an intermediate filament protein with a crucial role, bringing proteasomes, protein complexes that destroy problem proteins, into contact with aggresomes, concentrated packets of damaged or clumped proteins. Without vimentin, NSCs struggle to recover from protein damage, accumulate more protein aggregates, and exit quiescence less easily. Contributing to both the destruction of aggregated proteins, involved in diseases like Alzheimer’s, and the activation of NSCs, a process that declines with ageing, vimentin could be an interesting target for researchers working towards regenerative therapies.

Written by Emmanuelle Briolat

Image by Christopher Morrow, Moore Lab

Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA

Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Research published in Cell Stem Cell, February 2020

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[the-bio-student]

Stabilo’s Neon Fineliners review // Mi opinión sobre los fineliners neón de Stabilo.

I’m making notes again. Specially in Cel biology, which is a fun, albeit dense class. I brought stabilo’s neon fine liners and I’m having mixed feelings about it.

Estoy haciendo mis notas de clase de nuevo. Especialmente en la materia de Biología Celular, la cual a pesar de ser divertida, es un poco tediosa. Compré fineliners neón de Stabilo y me gustan más o menos.

First, I decided to compare the three highliters I already had to see the differences in green tones. // En primer lugar, decidí comparar 3 re saltadores verdes que tenía para ver diferencias en el tono.

Second, I liked blue, pink and red the best in terms of visibility of the fine liners. You can’t see much of the yellow, green and orange (this picture actually has a filter so you can see the colors much better) // En segundo lugar, de los fine liners, me gustaron el azul, rosado y rojo. No se ve muy bien el amarillo, verde y naranja (en realidad está foto tiene filtro para que se puedan ver mejor los colores)

Here you can see what I’m taking about. Let’s see some close ups // Aquí podrán ver de lo que estoy hablando. A continuación les mostraré unos acercamientos:

Part 2 // Parte 2:

Bonus: a picture of my desk // una foto de mi escritorio.

[clevelandstate]

Cleveland State University’s 11 most promising research projects of 2018

Cutting-edge discoveries being made at Cleveland State University could cure some of our deadliest diseases, save lives and help paralyzed children walk. Here are 11 CSU research projects to keep an eye on in 2018.

How does the circadian clock impact the aging process? Ask CSU molecular biologist Roman Kondratov. His research team was one of the first to identify a specific relationship between the operation of the circadian clock and how the body ages. They are now conducting research on how diet/clock interaction impacts circadian rhythms and the aging process. The research could uncover new information on how the circadian clock and aging might impact human health, while also leading to potential therapeutic strategies for prevention of age-related illnesses, including Alzheimer’s disease.

CSU biologist Aaron Severson is using these tiny creatures, whose reproductive process is similar to humans, to investigate the cellular machinery that impacts conception, infertility and the incidence of diseases such as Down syndrome. As women age, a protein complex known as cohesin, which is central to reproduction, weakens. This could explain why infertility and incidents of Down syndrome increase as women get older. Severson’s research on cohesin function has the potential to lead to tests that predict the likelihood of an abnormal pregnancy and interventions that could improve outcomes for those at risk.  

A team led by CSU biologist Valentin Börner has for the first time determined how proteasome, the machinery in all living cells that destroys proteins after they have completed their function, controls central components of human conception. These findings shed new light on how cells actually function and could have major implications for our understanding of how errors in cellular development can lead to birth defects and cancer.

Because no two are alike. In fact, different sections of the same cloud can have very different properties, making predictive modeling difficult at best. This is why we still know very little about how clouds react to atmospheric changes and the impact this has on weather patterns, climate change and air pollution. CSU physicist Thijs Heus is conducting groundbreaking, incredibly realistic, large eddy simulations using supercomputers. These supercomputers help enhance the resolution that can be analyzed from kilometers, the average in most weather models, to about 10 meters. This allows his team to model fluctuations in temperature, humidity and barometric pressure over different parts of the same cloud simultaneously. This will greatly enhance the accuracy of weather prediction and climate modeling and lead to a better understanding of how clouds actually operate in real time.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that each year food-borne diseases lead to over 128,000 hospitalizations and roughly 3,000 deaths. A team of mathematicians and engineers at Cleveland State University are developing new mathematical models designed to better assess how these pathogens spread through the food supply and ultimately create better controls to reduce contamination. The research will seek to transform the current “spray and pray” approach to food decontamination to a consistent and repeatable system that will reduce pathogen cross-contamination and enhance sanitizer performance.

Inflammation is a cellular defense mechanism that is necessary to protect against infection or tissue injury. Inflammation, however, must be carefully controlled because chronic inflammation due to errors in the mechanism can lead to numerous diseases, including heart disease and stroke. CSU scientist Barsanjit Mazumder has, for the first time, identified the specific ribosomal protein, called L13a, which is responsible for controlling inflammation in cells. This discovery could be the key to developing a new generation of therapies that could limit the progression of fatal cardiovascular disease and other diseases caused by overactive inflammation.

The illness is an insect-borne parasitic disease that threatens millions in Africa annually and has no known cure. A team of scientists led by CSU’s Bibo Li is studying a key genetic trait that makes the disease so deadly. They discovered that the telomeric protein RAP1 is required to make the switching of the parasite’s protein “coat” effective to fool the host’s immune system and establish a persistent, fatal infection. The team is now identifying methods to genetically “sabotage” this process, which could be a key to more effective treatment and ultimately a cure.

A team of researchers led by engineer Moo-Yeal Lee is developing robotic, high-precision, cell printing technology which allows for the generation of testable human tissues in a laboratory environment. The innovation could increase the accuracy of everything from toxicity testing to disease modeling to drug development, while drastically reducing the associated costs. It could also eventually lead to the bio-printing of full organs, eliminating the need for transplants.

Approximately 36 out of every 10,000 children suffer from cerebral palsy, which is a major cause of mobility issues in juveniles. CSU engineer Jerzy Sawicki is working with Parker Hannifin to develop, design and commercialize a pediatric exoskeleton for children ages 6 to 11, which could assist individuals suffering from CP as well as paralysis and diseases such as spina bifida, myopathy, and neuropathy. This would be the first powered, lower-limb orthotic specifically designed for children. The device would help thousands of individuals around the world learn to walk, while also providing essential data that could improve future treatment for children and adults with mobility issues.

CSU engineer Hanz Richter is expanding on previous collaborative research with NASA to design a cyber-enabled exercise and rehabilitation machine, which could be personalized to assist individuals in maximizing exercise for their specific physical needs. Unlike existing exercise machines, the device will measure and process biomechanical variables and generate adjustments to their own resistance, providing users with cues that will ultimately maximize effectiveness and guarantee safety. It has the potential to revolutionize both personal training and physical rehabilitation for individuals suffering from a host of injuries and diseases.

CSU’s Hongxing Ye is developing new optimization techniques and market mechanisms that better account for the increasing use of variable energy resources, such as solar and wind, in power systems. The algorithms and models are expected to increase flexibility and enhance reliability of the grid during natural disasters. It could ultimately improve existing energy management systems, enable broader adoption of distributed renewable energy sources, and supply more reliable electric power in extreme events.

For more information about exciting research taking place at Cleveland State, visit csuohio.edu/research.

[pushingarrows]

Ixazomib - a selective and reversible inhibitor of the protein proteasome subunit beta type-5 (PSMB5) similar to bortezomib. It contains leucine derivative with the carboxylate acid replaced by a boronic acid. It is used for the treatment of multiple myeloma together with daratumumab and elotuzumab.

[pushingarrows]

Bortezomib - a proteasome inhibitor for the treatment of cancer. Proteasome regulates protein expression and degradation including proteins that kill cancer cells. The boron atom binds the catalytic site of the 26S proteasome with high affinity and specificity.

[doctipster-blog]

New Treatment Fights Off TB Bacterium’s Resistance

New Treatment Fights Off TB Bacterium’s Resistance

The reason why tuberculosis-causing bacteria can easily spread inside the body is because they evade the body’s natural defenses. However, some researchers from Brown University have created a new compound that could block the 20S proteasome in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis. The researchers hope that this compound can be a new remedy against tuberculosis.…

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[mburatov]

Activation of the Proteasome Enhances Stem Cell Function and Lifespan

Activation of the Proteasome Enhances Stem Cell Function and Lifespan

As we age, the capacity of our stem cells to heal and replace damaged cells and tissues decline. This age-associated decrease in adult stem cell function seems to be a major contributor to the physiological decline during aging. A new paper, by Efstathios Gonos and his colleagues at the National Hellenic Research Foundation in Athens, Greece gives one possible technique that might improve the…

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