Post Eight of the “We Didn’t Start the Fire” focuses on American politician Joseph McCarthy (November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957.) McCarthy was elected junior Senator to the state of Wisconsin in 1946 representing the Republic Party. Just four years later McCarthy would from obscurity to become a household name.
At a speech in front of the Ohio County Women’s Republican Club in Wheeling, West Virginia on Lincoln Day in February 1950, McCarthy would make the declaration that would put him at the forefront of American politics. According to the article M'Carthy Charges Reds Hold U. S. Jobs by Frank Desmond of the The Wheeling Intelligencer dated February 10, 1950:
"While I cannot take the time to name all of the men in the State Department who have been named as members of the Communist Party and members of a spy ring, I have here in my hand a list of 205 that were known to the Secretary of State as being members of the Communist Party and who, nevertheless, are still working and shaping the policy in the State Department,"
This declaration came on the heels of a number of different events leading to the Red Scare of the late 1940s and 1950s:
The creation of the Republican-led House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) which sought to eradicate communist subversion in the United States.
The Alger Hiss case that saw U.S. Government official Alger Hiss accused of spying for the Soviet Union in 1948 and convicted of perjury related to espionage in 1950.
The passing of the McCarran Internal Security Act 64 Stat. 987, (aka the Subversive Activities Control Act of 1950,) which required that all “subversives” in the United States submit to government supervision.
This act would be vetoed by President Harry Truman and subsequently enacted by Congressional override of the Presidential veto. McCarthy’s declaration would put him at the forefront of the fight against Communists in the Government.
Following the re-election for his Senate seat in 1952, Senator McCarthy would become the chairman of the Senate’s Committee on Government Operations. In this position, McCarthy would pursue those who he believed were anti-American in their Communist leanings through red-baiting coining the term McCarthyism. McCarthy also claimed that those officials who were gay or lesbian would be targeted by enemy agents due to their hidden sexual preferences. In doing so, it was stated that they would be blackmailed by these enemy agents to give up government secrets.
This would lead to the passage of the signing of Executive Order 10450 of April 27, 1953 by President Dwight D. Eisenhower which established security requirements for Government employment. In doing so, gay and lesbian government employees could be tracked and even fired due to what was described as their “sexual perversion.” Many government employees would end up being terminated from their positions or resign out of fear of persecution. These acts and declaration led by him and his associates ruined the lives of over two thousand government officials but of many people who worked in Hollywood.
The downfall of McCarthyism came in 1954 with journalist Edward R. Murrow discrediting Senator McCarthy on his televised program See It Now and with a series of televised hearings known as “Army-McCarthy” hearings that proved that Senator McCarthy was overstepping his authority. Senator McCarthy would be stripped of his chairman position of the Committee on Government Operators. On December 2, 1954, the United States Senator voted 65-22 on Senate Resolution 301 to censure Senator McCarthy for his “inexcusable,” “reprehensible,” “vulgar and insulting” conduct “unbecoming a senator.”
Senator McCarthy would pass away less than three years later on May 2, 1957 due to acute hepatic failure caused by alcohol abuse.
MURROW vs.McCARTHY: SEE IT NOW by Joseph Wershba from the New York Times dated March 4, 1979
THE PRESIDENCY: The McCarthy Issue from Time Magazine dated March 8, 1954