Summer 1927, D3/12/3: 52; A4.19.i
Scharling (in B.B. 221–2)
Scharling thing[ks] ultimate determinant of value is “the exertion (Austrengung) which is spared the man who wishes to obtain possession of a good by the fact that the good is transferred to him, in the case in question, by the other party in the exchange.”
Therefore it may be said that the good helps us to reach a certain object: if we had not the good we should reach that object (or some equivalent) by certain efforts [exertions] – these efforts determine the sacrifice we are prepared to suffer in order to obtain the good.
In Pareto's language, we have certain gusti (desires, tastes), we wish to satisfy them, but there are obstacles in the way. Goods are the means to overcome these obstacles: the sacrifice we are prepared to suffer to obtain a good is equal to the its efficiency in helping us to overcome such obstacles, i.e. to spare us the efforts necessary to overcome it.
Difficulty of attainment: for some commodities and services it is obvious (boot-black, domestic servant, typist,
Then, in second degree, commodities I could not produce myself but could myself reach the same result by other means (fountain pen = ordinary pen = pencil = memory) In the last resort, absolute impossibility for me to obtain otherwise that result: but still I could obtain an equivalent satisfaction (?) Cp: Ferrara .[+] Rae. (Volta)