#scholary

[psych-statements]

3. Other types of Causal Explanations

Five other types of causal explanations within Psychology (meaning: to describe the phenomenon of the human mind) are: 

1. Learning. Essentially all forms of human behavior and mental experiences are modifiable by learning. They can be influenced by prior experiences. These experiences can affect our emotions, drives, perceptions, thoughts, skills and habits. The specialty that is centered around explaining behavior in terms of learning is called learning psychology. Further readings: B.F. Skinner (1978). Reflections on behaviorism and society. | Stephen Ray Flora (2004). The power of reinforcement. | Mark E. bouton (2007). Learning and behavior: A contemporary synthesis.

2. Cognitive. Cognition refers to information in the mind (from storing information, to thoughts and beliefs). Conscious and unconscious. One way to explain any behavioral  action or mental experience is to relate to the cognitions that underlie that action or experience. The specialty focusing on this level of analysis is called cognitive psychology. Further readings: Philip N. Johnson-Laird (2006). How we reason | Stephen C. Levinson (2003). Space in language and cognition: Explorations in cognitive diversity.

3. Social. Humans are social animals. We need to cooperate and get along with others of our species in order to survice and reproduce. We often strive (consciously or unconsciously) to gain acceptance and approval of others. One way to explain behavio or mental experiences it to look at they are influenced by other people or one’s beliefs about other people. The specialty focusing on this level of explanation is called social psychology.  Further readings: Allport (1968). Historical background of mpodern social psychology. | Melinda Jones (2002). Social psychology of prejudice. | Roy Baumeister (2005). The cultural animal: Human nature, meaning and social life.  

4. Cultural. Some aspects of a person’s behavior becmoes explainable when taking their cultural background into account. Cultures vary in language or dialect, in the values and attitudes they have, and the kinds of behaviors and emotions they encourage of discourage. The specialty focusing on this way of explaining mental experiences and behaviors is called cultural psychology. Further readings: Richard E. Nisbett (2009). Intelligence and how to get it. | Steven Johnson (2005). Everthing bad for you is good for you: How today’s popular culture is actually making us smarter.

5. Developmental. Some aspects of a person’s behavior or mental experiences can be understood by taking their age into account. Every age group behaves a certain way, and is different from other age groups. The pscyhological specialty that documents and describes the typical age differences that occur in the ways their feel, think or act is called developmental psychology. Further readings: Catherine Salmon (2008). Family relationships: An evolutionary perspective. | Wendy Craig (2000). Childhoof social development: the essential readings. 

[liliaquituisacasamaniego]

Productos del GT-Repositorios indexados en IEEE. Excelente equipo de trabajo (CEDIA, UTPL, NIID): -Personalized search of scholary media: An approach based on semantic web technologies. -A contribution to encourage the dissemination of academic publishing: Finding diffusion media by means of a search engine based on semantic technologies. #semantic #web #technology #search #research #ScienceQuest #CEDIA #GT-R #scholary #academic #IEEE #conferences #paper #España #EmiratosArabesUnidos #learning #notes #diffusion

[novaal]

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[sometypeof-feminism-blog]

With such an intense election season it is important to think about how women candidates are viewed and how they are judged. 

[transinspanish-blog]

Fifth Post: "My Story Is Really Not Mine": An Interview with Latina Trans Activist Ruby Bracamonte

Ruby Bracamonte was born in El Salvador, which she would later flea to the U.S.  Bracamonte survived many things in her life including kidnapping, gang rape, and being taken advantage of by immigration lawyers. After arriving in Washington D.C., she would come into the realization that she was not a gay men, but a trans woman. She has been an active member of support groups for Latinx LGTBQ groups.  

Through Bracamonte’s transition story we can learn how difficult it can be find help in Spanish for trans folk. When she was in L.A. she was able to create La Clinica del Pueblo for Latinx people to meet. It was through socializing here that she was able to understand what she wanted to be. These meeting started to be a chosen family for the members. During the meetings they put on drag shows and attracted a larger crowd. Mariposas was another group put together in for latinx trans people to deal with homophobia and it was here that realized there was a difference between the gay community and them. After that they began to learn about transitioning, everything from medications to learning how to express the changes hey were gong through and demand respect for them. They were also able to create networks for health care, “If it wasn’t because of the support groups, La Clinica and all the other organizations, a lot of us wouldn’t be here. A lot of us would have killed ourselves,” (447). 

Once Bracamonte becomes more comfortable in her trans identity and begins taking hormones, she refuse to hide herself away. She encourages her friends to make themselves visible during the day. She pushes for the visibility and doesn’t care who is watching. She also advocates for access to health care, jobs, and information. She wants people to know how to change their name and social as well as how to change their body. Barcamonte tries to go out of the way be people’s support system, at time housing 11 people in her apartment. She talks about being a latina trans activist, “If you’re going to do this, you need to be particular of the needs, particularly of the language,” (453). She really felt that she had a different voice because she had to speak for immigrant latinx transgender people. She talks about how her activism has changed her made her more public and less soft. She does important work with visibility, city council, jails, and rape survivors, amongst other issues.

This specific article felt right because I think I shows how the things on TV were being tied back to the activism going on in the community, or how the lack of services like Ruby Bracamonte provides could damage people. For example, visibility is at the core of a lot of Ruby Bracamonte’s activism, and stories like Jennifer Diva’s picture and Linda Yepes’ story was important to the visibility of other trans people. Seeing yourself reflected in media could be the driving force to transition or come out. In cases like the hate crime discussed later is an example of the kind of thing that she would fighting to pass policies about. 

In addition, I think it show some resources that people watching these stories on TV need. Trans people who do not know where to go should be able to see stories like this on Univision and get resources from there. We do this for domestic abuse cases or eating disorders, so homeless trans people or sick trans people could really use it. Not only knowing where to get help, but also knowing  that they will speak your language really is encouraging to go seek the aid. 

Doestch-Kidder, Sharon. ""My Story Is Really Not Mine": An Interview with Latina Trans Activist Ruby Bracamonte." GenderWatch 37.2 (2011): 441-73. Print.

[transinspanish-blog]

Fourth Post: “’FTM Means Female to Me’: Transgender Athletes Performing Gender”

Sports are ran especially hard space to move through as a trans person. Two researches conducted a study to see to tell the narratives of some trans athlete and to see how their genders affected their sport participation. The first was Bamby a transwoman who played soccer. She had difficulties being part of sport teams after a certain age, and trouble reintegrating as a trans woman. She says that with soccer being a sport with a lot of Latino men, the machista sentiment was what turned her away from teams when she was older. What concerns she had on playing in women’s teams she said she was worried they would be uncomfortable with her, but feels that there might be a connection through womanhood. Semerjian & Cohen believe Bamby is an example of someone who believes gender is in their mind not body because she doesn’t want the surgery. 

Conor had a very active sports life when he was a kid, but that diminished in high school because he was dealing with a lot of his trans identity. He later took it back up in college.  He felt that being read as a girl hindered him because the limitations placed on girls in sports. He also believes that him being trans made him more willing to take risks in sports, but also in his life. He noted, on several occasions, that not having a penis mostly impacted what he wore or his reactions to getting kicked in the groin.Chris had been in sports since Chris could remember. Chris says she transitioned at the age of 10. Chris has the hardest time with pronouns of all the participants and says that Chris  does not like being called he or she, but accepts that most people call Chris she. I will be referring to Chris by she/her pronouns the way the author did. Chris prefers to change her body through body building. Chris perceived her breast as masculine. 

Alyn also started sports at an early age, but was on track to go into an “elite completive sport ” In school people read Alyn as male, and when they realized he was born female, he face violence. The school held Alyn responsible for the violence.Alyn now uses sorts as a way to transform himself. Alyn found a lot of support through skating.Trans individual struggles greatly to recognized in space like sports, mostly due to safety reasons.  Semerijam and Cohen conclude that for trans people in sports are spaced that can be “queered” by the presence of trans people and their gender practices. They also call for the us to see people as people, not oppressing them through gender, race, or class. 

I included this article because I think it shows something it greatly televised on Spanish speaking TV and has the testimony of trans men. I think that what can be connected it here is there was an absence of both trans people i sports and trans men coverage in my research. I think this because trans men are less marketable than trans women. I also believe that in spaces like sports, the machismo of spanish speaking countries can over ride conversations. We see this with Bamby who quit he sport entirely because her team mates were actively misgendering and verbally degrading her based other gender. I think the lack of visibility of trans people in sport on Spanish speaking TV can be harmful because it can lead younger trans people to believe that there is no place for them in sports.

Further more, I believe that this lack of visibility is damaging to the trans community on basis of opportunity. Without a doubt there are many talented tran people, and not allowing them to enter professional league sports without scrutiny closes the doors for them. I think allowing trans people to be visible in sports would normalize the notion that gender does not change your qualifications. This would no doubt require major reconstruction of how we see sport divisions, but I feel it is a necessary change.    

Semerjian, Tamar Z., and Jodi H. Cohen. ""FTM Means Female to Me": Transgender Athletes Performing Gender." Women in Sport & Physical Activity Journal 15.2 (2006): 28-43. Print.