Spasticity
Let's start by clearly defining spasticity:
Spasticity is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by increased muscle tone, stiff, involuntary movements and exaggerated reflexes. It is often associated with lesions of the central nervous system, such as those caused by stroke, multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury.
Causes of spasticity:
* Cerebral lesions: stroke, head trauma, brain tumors.
* Spinal cord injuries: road accidents, sports injuries, degenerative diseases.
* Neurodegenerative diseases: multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
* Other: encephalitis, meningitis, certain infections.
Symptoms of spasticity:
* Increased muscle tone: muscles stiff and difficult to move.
* Involuntary movements: spasms, muscle contractions.
* Exaggerated reflexes: excessive muscular reactions to a stimulus.
* Walking difficulties: stiff gait, leg spasms.
* Pain: muscle contractures, joint pain.
Diagnosis of spasticity :
* Clinical examination: assessment of reflexes, muscle tone, muscle strength.
* Medical imaging: MRI, CT scan to identify underlying cause.
* Electromyography: measurement of muscle electrical activity.
Treatments for spasticity :
* Medication: muscle relaxants, baclofen.
* Physical therapy: stretching, muscle-strengthening exercises.
* Orthoses: splints to support joints and improve function.
* Botox: injections of botulinum toxin to reduce muscle spasms.
* Surgery: in the most severe cases, to correct deformities or contractures.
Living with spasticity:
* Adapting to everyday life: technical aids, home improvements.
* Psychological support: to cope with difficulties and improve quality of life.
* Patient associations: to exchange ideas and find support.
Advice for caregivers:
* Training: to understand spasticity and its consequences.
* Get informed: about treatments and available aids.
* Take care of yourself: to avoid exhaustion.
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