#tabari

[flederplush]

Tabari (he/him), lion cub, 1994 laying cub Simba by Disney

[bintaraweeloo]

What the muffasirun said about Music 🌷

[libbylael]

[one-page-a-day]

13th of June 2024

About two weeks ago I handed in my essay on classical Tafsīr.

Tafsīr means 'interpretation' and in most cases refers to the process and genre of interpreting the Quran. Tafsīr works provide interpretations and explanations for the Arabic Quranic text, thereby serving as an important source for scholars and believers. Tafsīr works typically follow the Quranic text from beginning to end and offer a continuous commentary on sections of the text, interpreting them word by word, sentence by sentence, or verse by verse.

I compared two Tafsīr works regarding their entries on Surah 33 (Surah al-Ahzab), verse 72. I chose Abu Ja'far Muhammad aṭ-Ṭabarī's Jāmiʿ al-bayān ʿan taʾwīl al-Qurʾān and Jalal ad-Din as-Suyūṭī's ad-Durr al-manthūr fī t-tafsīr al-maʾthūr. Jāmiʿ al-bayān was written approximately 600 years earlier than ad-Durr al-manthūr.

In Surah al-Ahzab, verse 72, God speaks:

إِنَّا عَرَضْنَا الْأَمَانَةَ عَلَى السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضِ وَالْجِبَالِ فَأَبَيْنَ أَن يَحْمِلْنَهَا وَأَشْفَقْنَ مِنْهَا وَحَمَلَهَا الْإِنسَانُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ ظَلُومًا جَهُولًا

"We have offered the trust to the heavens, the earth, and the mountains, but they refused to take it on and were afraid of it. Then man took it on. Yet he is sinful and ignorant."

The interpretation of the verse mainly revolves around the term 'al-ʾamāna' ('trust') and its meaning. As both aṭ-Ṭabarī and as-Suyūṭī show in depth, there are differences of opinion between the scholars. Some say 'al-ʾamāna' refers to the religious obligations (like praying and fasting). Others say 'al-ʾamāna' means things entrusted between people (like secrets or certain parts of the body in the case of marriage).

Both Tafsīr works are hadith-based, which means that they rely on narrations about what the prophet or the people that knew him well did and said. The difference between aṭ-Ṭabarī's Jāmiʿ al-bayān and as-Suyūṭī's ad-Durr al-manthūr lies in the positioning of the author. While aṭ-Ṭabarī gives his own opinion about the plausibility of the different interpretations, as-Suyūṭī makes no comment at all. One can only guess as-Suyūṭī's opinion, if at all, from the order of the narrations that he quotes. Aṭ-Ṭabarī comes to the conclusion that 'al-ʾamāna' most likely includes both religious obligations and things entrusted between people, because God did not differentiate it any further.

Suprisingly, it did not take me long to find my way around the Tafsīr works, because the narrations are usually quite short and often similiar in regards to their content. I also struggled with only some Arabic terms that were unknown to me.

As-Suyūṭī, Ğalāl ad-Dīn. Ad-durr al-manṯūr fī t-tafsīr al-maʾṯūr, Volume 5. Beirut: Dar al-kotob Al-Ilmiyah 2010.

Aṭ-Ṭabarī, ʾAbū Ǧaʿfar Muḥammad. Ğāmiʿ al-bayānʿan taʾwīl al-qurʾān, Volume 19. Kairo: Markaz al-buḥūṯ wa-d-dirāsāt al-ʿarabīya wa-l-ʾislāmīya 2001.

Rippin, A.. “Tafsīr”. In: P. Bearman (Hrsg.), Encyclopaedia of Islam New Edition Online (EI-2 English). Brill 2012, https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_72 94

Currently I am working on a paper about islamic feminism and the cases of amina wadud and Asma Barlas.

[hahahakeemu]

At Siffin, some of the Iraqi tribes in the right wing of Imam Ali’s army began to route and flee. Their leader, Abdullah ibn Budayl, refused to flee with just a few hundred men as the Syrians attacked him. Imam sent Malik al-Ashtar to rally those who fled, and after that, Malik defeated every Syrian regiment that came to fight him as he made his way to Ibn Budayl.

Tabari writes:

He came to ‘Abdallāh b. Budayl, who was with a group of the qurrā’ between 200 and 300 strong, which had held its ground so stubbornly that they might have been heaps of stones. He drove the Syrians back from them, and when those qurrā’ perceived that their brethren were at hand they asked about the Commander of the Faithful. Al-Ashtar’s men replied, “He is alive and in good health, in the left wing and fighting the enemy in front of him.” “Praise be to God. We thought that he must have perished and you too,” they said. ‘Abdallāh b. Budayl said to his men, “Let us advance,” but al-Ashtar sent to him: “No! Hold fast with the army and fight—that is better for them and increases the chances of survival for you and your men.” But he refused to heed that and went on just as he was toward Mu’āwiyah, surrounded as if by mountains. In his hand he had two swords. He had been wounded, but he was in front of his men, and every time a Syrian approached him he would strike him and kill him. When he had killed seven, he came close to Mu’āwiyah, but the latter’s supporters rushed to him from every side, and he and his band of men were surrounded. He fought until he and some of his men were killed, while a group of those who had been wounded retreated in flight.

Ashtar sent Harith ibn Jumhan al-Jufri to fight off the pursuing Syrians.

[hahahakeemu]

When Amr [bin Hurayth] ascended the minbar, they stoned him and he went into his residence. The people gathered in the mosque and said, “Let us appoint somebody to authority until a caliph is agreed upon,” and they resolved on Umar b. Sa’d. But the women of Banu Hamdan came, weeping for al-Hussain, while their menfolk were girt with swords, and they encircled the minbar. Muhammad b. al-Ash’ath said, “Our situation has changed.” Banu Kindah had been supporting the authority of Umar b. Sa’d because his maternal uncle was one of them, but now they all agreed on Amir b. Mas’ud, wrote to Ibn al-Zubayr about it, and he confirmed him in office.

al-Tabari

[forgottengenius]

Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari

Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari   (c. 838 – c. 870 CE; also given as 810–855[1] and 783–858)[2] was a Persian Muslim hakim, Islamic scholar, physician and psychologist [1] of Zoroastrian[3][4] descent, who produced one of the first encyclopedia of medicine. He was a pioneer of pediatrics and the field of child development.[5][verification needed] His stature, however, was eclipsed by his more famous pupil, Muhammad ibn Zakarīya Rāzi ("Rhazes").

Ali came from a well-known Syriac family of Merv but moved to Tabaristan (hence al-Tabari – "from Tabaristan") but became an Islamic convert under the Abbassid caliph Al-Mu'tasim (833–842), who took him into the service of the court, in which he continued under Al-Mutawakkil (847–861). His father Sahl ibn Bishr was a state official, highly educated and well respected member of the Syriac community.[2] Ali ibn Sahl was fluent in Syriac and Greek, the two sources for the medical tradition of antiquity, and versed in fine calligraphy.

His works

His Firdous al-Hikmah ("Paradise of Wisdom"), which he wrote in Arabic called also Al-Kunnash was a system of medicine in seven parts. He also translated it into Syriac, to give it wider usefulness.[citation needed] The information in Firdous al-Hikmah has never entered common circulation in the West because it was not edited until the 20th century, when Mohammed Zubair Siddiqui assembled an edition using the five surviving partial manuscripts. There is still no English translation.

Tuhfat al-Muluk ("The King's Present")

a work on the proper use of food, drink, and medicines.

Hafzh al-Sihhah ("The Proper Care of Health"), following Greek and Indian authorities.

Kitab al-Ruqa ("Book of Magic or Amulets")

Kitab fi al-hijamah ("Treatise on Cupping")

Kitab fi Tartib al-'Ardhiyah ("Treatise on the Preparation of Food")

Firdous al-Hikmah

Firdous al-Hikmah was one of the oldest encyclopedia of medicine, Based on Syriac translations of Greek sources (Hippocrates, Galen Dioscorides, and others).[1] It is divided into 7 sections and 30 parts, with 360 chapters in total. The appendix contains a review of Indian medicine based on Persian and Arabic translations of Indian medical works.[1] It deals with pediatrics and child development in depth, as well as psychology and psychotherapy.[citation needed] Unlike earlier physicians, however, al-Tabari emphasized strong ties between psychology and medicine, and the need of psychotherapy and counseling in the therapeutic treatment of patients.[citation needed] He wrote that patients frequently feel sick due to delusions or imagination, and that these can be treated through "wise counselling" by smart and witty physicians who could win the rapport and confidence of their patients, leading to a positive therapeutic outcome.[5][verification needed]

Quotes

On the Quran he said: "When I was a Christian I used to say, as did an uncle of mine who was one of the learned and eloquent men, that eloquence is not one of the signs of prophethood because it is common to all the peoples; but when I discarded (blind) imitation and (old) customs and gave up adhering to (mere) habit and training and reflected upon the meanings of the Qur'an I came to know that what the followers of the Qur'an claimed for it was true. The fact is that I have not found any book, be it by an Arab or a Persian, an Indian or a Greek, right from the beginning of the world up to now, which contains at the same time praises of God, belief in the prophets and apostles, exhortations to good, everlasting deeds, command to do good and prohibition against doing evil, inspiration to the desire of paradise and to avoidance of hell-fire as this Qur'an does. So when a person brings to us a book of such qualities, which inspires such reverence and sweetness in the hearts and which has achieved such an overlasting success and he is (at the same time) an illiterate person who did never learnt the art of writing or rhetoric, that book is without any doubt one of the signs of his Prophethood."[6][7]

[nakeddeparture]

Tabari and his Young, Pregnant, barely Teenage Child Mother

Tabari and his Young, Pregnant, barely Teenage Child Mother

BARBADODS (Naked Departure) — TABARI — Dear Naked, the picture below is of this teenage fella name Tabari.  He got this young girl head tie up.  Tabari got a child and is still messing around he child mother.  But, truth be told, he want locking up cause he breed that girl at the age of 12 or mussy 13.

Now he is deal with some girl.  She goes by the name Jay or something like that.  A source…

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