So, my book club read some Marilynne Robinson this month, which I’m glad of because I’ve always enjoyed it when I have run across snippets of meta that she’s written. And a topic came up which is perennially interesting to me, and even more now that I’m in the throes of editing: the use of tight third perspective.
Robinson’s one of those writers who is just so damn good at tight third, and really good tight third is what has made that mode so popular in the past generation -- both in fanfiction and in published fiction. About ten years ago I was saying fretfully that tight third seemed to have become synonymous with Good Writing, and I’m not sure how much that’s changed. It’s possible first-person mode is making a comeback, but I think it’s still true that a writer who has the facility of inhabiting a character’s thoughts and experiences so as to exclude all (or nearly all) the reader’s awareness of the authorial voice, is seen as The Most Skilled. So much so that any appearance of authorial voice in a story is seen as intrusive, arch, quaint, or clumsy.
The problem is, books written in tight third were not the ones I carried around day after day in middle school. I carried around Watership Down. You know what Watership Down is written in? Omni. Richard Adams doesn’t wait for a scene break to change points of view. Sometimes he doesn’t even wait for a paragraph break. He’s so securely assured of his position as the Storyteller that he feels perfectly comfortable leading off the rabbits’ first ascent of Watership with an extended meditation on human physical viewpoint complete with a tossed-off reference to Stubbs “envisioning the skeleton inside the horse” (who the hell is Stubbs? said my 8th-grade self).
There’s no such thing as a Fourth Wall, with omni point of view.
The other book I carried around about that time was To Kill a Mockingbird. That’s written in first person perspective, framed in the narrator’s distant past. Like tight third, first person subsumes the story universe all the way to the margins, and the writer can play with the reliability of its character’s narrative. Unlike tight third, however, it presumes a storytelling situation; it singles out the reader as an interlocutor; it makes a conscious demand for attention that requires a decision on the reader’s part to deny.
It took me years of rereading Watership Down to realize -- to actually say to myself -- “Hey, this is written in omniscient point of view!” Because I took it for granted that Adams’s presence in the story as the Storyteller was natural and right. Yes, sometimes: arch. Sometimes tedious. But he belonged there.
Likewise it was probably on my twentieth read of Gaudy Night that I realized that despite the presence of scene changes to signal shifts in POV, Sayers uses a lot of omni embroidery within scenes. Murder Must Advertise is firmly framed from the Storyteller’s POV: Mr. Hankin has an opinion about Mr. Copley’s self-regard, and the Storyteller informs us that Mr. Hankin is correct. The Storyteller also has opinions about the characters, about how advertising copy is written, about the capitalist society in which the characters slog away. In fact, the passages most akin to tight third are scenes from the POV of tertiary characters like Hector Puncheon or Dian de Momerie -- scenes in which DLS wants to evoke haplessness or disorientation or dis-integration of personality.
There was a year when I carried The King of Attolia around everywhere: also a seeming-tight third story with omni embroidery. The series starts with first person; moves to omni; takes up first again as a frame narrative for the quasi-omni diplomacy section in the middle of the story; then first person again. This is a series that asks: Are these struggles being recorded properly? Can they be made sense of from the perspective of the gods? This is not a meta-narrative that can be handily addressed by tight third perspective.
Right now I’m wrestling with edits to the Original Project, and I’ve realized that my commitment to what I generally call wide-angle third brings me into conflict with tight-third conventions. It’s expected that with an ensemble of POVs you should have one POV per scene. Okay, that’s not difficult. The authorial voice should not be intrusive. Well, that’s doable -- just find an opportune moment to subsume the Storyteller’s voice in a character that’s amenable to it. I should pare away everything that is not charged with immediacy. Whoa, hang on a minute. I’m not sure I actually want to do that. Maybe I do want to talk about Stubbs envisioning the skeleton inside the horse. I’m telling myself this story; what do I want to get done here?
Probably I am justifying my own recalcitrance at this point, but while I admire enviously the jewel-like evocative language of a Marilynne Robinson, I also envy a Richard Adams’s ability to walk right into his own scene, plonk himself down, and proceed to point out the chirring flight of insects in the westering sun. It’s the anxiety of authorship catching me coming and going. And so it goes.