#wleaf

[wingardiumleafiosa-blog]

Top tier: potato, veggie sausage, mushroom, tomato 

Bottom tier: mini bell peppers, apple, cantaloupe

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Principles of Climate Ch. 1

Terms & Definitions

Aerology: The study of free atmosphere through its vertical extent. Deals with the chemistry and physical reactions that occur within the various atmospheric layers.Tends to be coupled with meteorology.

Aerosol: Particulate matter suspended in the air. Includes soil particles, smoke residue, ocean salt, bacteria, seeds, spores, volcanic ash, and meteoric particles. Amount decreases with altitude. Solid particles serve as nuclei for condensation of water vapor and are necessary for precipitation.

Climatology: Study of atmospheric conditions over periods of time measured in years or longer. Includes study of the kinds of weather that occur in a place. (Both frequent types of weather, and anomalous weather)

Heterosphere: The upper-part of the atmosphere where the gases are no longer uniformly mixed. The gases stratify according to molecular weight. (Hydrogen layer, helium layer, oxygen layer, nitrogen layer)

Homosphere: The lower-part of the atmosphere where the gases are uniformly mixed.

Mesopause: The upper-limit of the of mesosphere. Up to here, the gases are uniformly mixed and are part of the homosphere. 

Mesosphere: From about 48 km up to 80 km. Temperature declines with altitude. Above the stratosphere, and below the layer of nitrogen. 

Meteorology: Deals with motion and phenomena of the atmosphere. Used to forecast weather and explain the processes involved. Tends to be more focused on the short term.

Radiosondes: Balloon-carrying instruments released into the atmosphere at the same time to simultaneously gather atmospheric conditions.

Standard Atmosphere: Model that represents the atmosphere with all the forces governing it in balance. Has a period of moderate solar activity, and a defined amount of chemistry, temperature, pressure, density, etc.

Stratopause: Upper boundary of the stratosphere. 

Stratosphere: Above the tropopause. Relatively stable and dry, little vertical motion. Temperature at the top of the stratosphere is about the same as towards the bottom of it. 

Tropopause: Marks upper reaches of troposphere, and the upper limit for most turbulent mixing from the surface. Also the upper limit for most moisture in the atmosphere & becomes significantly colder. (Warm air “holds” more moisture)

Troposphere: Lowest layer. Made up of the upper and lower troposphere. 

 Lower troposphere goes up to 3 km above the surface. It is the layer most affected by daily surface changes, since it has the most friction between the Earth and the atmosphere. It can have temperature inversions, where temperature increases with heat instead. 

Upper troposphere goes up to 11 km. Primary changes here are from seasonal changes in energy, and secondary circulation (atmospheric storms). Air pressure decreases with height (which is the trend for the atmosphere in general). 

World Meteorological Organization (WMO): Located in Geneva, Switzerland. International agency responsible for worldwide climactic data. 

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC): The international body for assessing the science related to climate change. The IPCC was set up in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). IPCC assessments provide a scientific basis for governments at all levels to develop climate related policies.

[wingardiumleafiosa-blog]

Reading and Kanji Practice!

[wingardiumleafiosa-blog]

The level of humanity’s maturity seems like it’s been pretty consistent throughout time.

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Pompeii essay prompts pt. 4

Lucius Sepunius, son of Lucius, and Marcus Herrenius Epidanus, son of Aulus, magistrates with judicial powers, saw to this being made at their expense

Numerius Popidius Celsinus, son of Numerius, rebuilt at his own expense from its foundation the Temple of Isis, which had collapsed in an earthquake; because of his generosity, although he was only 6 years old, the town councilors nominated him into their number free of charge.

With these carved inscriptions in mind, discuss politics, religion, and material culture at Pompeii. Focus your discussion on TWO of the following structures in Pompeii: the Temple of Apollo, the Temple of Isis, the Temple of Jupiter (Capitolium), the Temple of Fortuna Augusta,

How did religion and ritual activities relate to politics and patronage at Pompeii? Be sure to include details of design, location, and dates of construction.

Temple of Apollo:

Apollo had the same name in both Greek and Roman religions

He was Augustus’s favorite deity

Temple had three phases of construction

6th century BC

2nd century BC

Samnite Phase

AD 62-79 (post-earthquake)

Temple of Isis

69 CE

Egyptian deities might have been more favored by slaves and women

Slaves were actively discouraged from building temples to Jupiter

Example: Ampliatus in Robert Harris’s Pompeii built a temple for Isis to show off his status, since he couldn’t build one for Jupiter

Isis followers provided a lot of imports for Pompeii

Temple of Jupiter (Capitolium)

80 BCE

Built in a way that no matter how you enter the area, you are forced to walk by it

Has Vesuvius directly in view to add a sense of ~power~

Sends the message of Roman dominance and self-Romanization

Pompeii Capitolium was like a replica of the large temple to Jupiter in Rome

Temple of Augustan Fortune

3 or 4 CE

Both Caesar and Augustus were deified

Augustus was ‘humble’ and didn’t want to emphasize his own godliness

Had his favorite symbols, like a cornucopia and oars

Defaced female statue; might have been his exiled daughter

She gets kicked out for being “sexually devious” :(

Timeline (eruptions)

25000 BP - Codola Plinian eruption

22500 BP - Sarno Plnian eruption

17000 BP - Basal Plinian eruption

1780 BCE - Avellino eruption

Wind blew the damage in a specific path to the North, so it didn’t affect Pompeii

San Paolo Bel Sito 

62 AD - Earthquake in Pompeii that devastated a lot of buildings

Can see a lot of reconstruction in the city dated to 62 AD

79 AD

Vesuvius buries Pompeii and Herculaneum

1944 

WW2 eruption

Timeline (city timeline)

6th century BCE - Pompeii founded

400 - 80 BCE - Samnite phase

290 BCE - Rome Defeats Samnites

264 BCE - Punic Wars

216 BCE - Niceria destroyed

91 NCE - Social Wars

89 BCE - Sulla takes Pompeii

44 BCE - Caesar killed

80-27 BCE - Colonial Phase

31 BCE - Battle of Actium

27 BCE - Augustus

68 CE - End of Julio-Claudian Era

68-69 CE - Roman generals rule

78 CE - Titus

Timeline (excavation)

1689 - Sinking of the well

1693 - Exploratory excavations

1699 - Publishing of “De Vesuvio”

1790 - Digging expanded (L’Elbeuf)

1734 - Bourbon Dynasty

1738 - Inscription found confirming town as Herculaneum

1739 - Europe finds out about discoveries

1745 - Digging stops at Herculaneum

1750 - Pompeii becomes better documented b/c of Weber

1764 - Temple of Isis discovered

1771 - La Vega heads excavations - First skeleton found

1780 - Alcubierre dies

1789 - Exile of the Bourbons

1808 - Caroline Bonaparte becomes Queen of N aples

1809 - 11 - Mazois draws Pompeian ruins

1813 - Excavations of Arditi

1814 - Napoleonic forces leave Naples, Ferdinand IV takes throne

1830 - House of Faun & Alexander mosaic discovered

1860 - Girabaldi captures Naples, appoints Dumas and Fiorelli

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Pompeii Essay Prompts pt. 3

Based on the archaeological and written evidence, discuss entertainment and the architectural buildings that housed dramatic performances and spectacles at Pompeii. Focus your essay on two of the following buildings:

Theatrum Maius, Quadriporticus, Amphitheater, Theatrum Tectum

Be sure to include the details of design, location, and dates of construction. How did performances and spectacles related to politics and patronage at Pompeii?

Theatrum Maius:

Had slanted seated that was segregated by social class

Seating arrangement reinforced social structures

Aristocratic men got best seats

Women and slaves had to sit further away

Actors who entertained these people were considered the lowest part of society, despite everyone paying money to see them

Quadriporticus

Got converted into a ludus gladiatorius (gladiator school)

Found skeletons, armor, parts of weaponry 

Graffiti found that shows how gladiators were sort of sex symbols

Girls heart-throb, Thracian gladiator Celadus, belonging to Octavus, fought 3, won 3.

Amphitheater

Quinctius Valgus and Marcus Porcius have their names on it, and other structures

They must have had a lot of money to propel their name like that

People came from other cities to support their favorite gladiators

Riot of 59 

Gladiators visited from out of town and fought Pompeian gladiators

Pompeii had its own referee and were possibly cheating, so the visiting team got upset

Riot was so bad that Nero banned the games there for like 13 years lmao

Rome tried not to have permanent sports structures in any one town because it gave the local populace too much power

“Marcus Holconius Rufus and Marcus Holconius Celer built at their own expense the passageway, boxes, and theater setting.”

Theatrum Tectum

Quinctius and Marcus built this theater too

So again, they’re paying a ton of money to fund construction in their name

People will think highly of them for paying to make entertainment for people

Roofed theater mostly meant to hold political assemblages

Tickets were little coins 

[wingardiumleafiosa-blog]

august sucks

Nvm, I feel the need to rant into space before I sleep

I spent 12 hours on campus yesterday (8 am - 8 pm) because of work and class, then wrote an essay for 3 hours after that when I got home. I spent another hour at the gym, and then went to bed. The past couple weeks have all been pretty similar.

It’s been a 17 credit summer and I finally will be done with Pompeii tomorrow, but my first weekend of real summer is also my last :( 

Fall semester starts the following Monday... I never had a summer T__T

Admittedly, fall aesthetic is my favorite anyways, so that’s something to look forward to! I get super existential when I think about this being my senior year of college. I suppose I can always do grad school afterwards, but I think my main goal after graduation will be to start pulling in money to pay off my debt with. If I get the hankering to study again, I suppose I can always just read a textbook for the heck of it...! That’s pretty likely ;)

Ty for listening