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Advanced Nursing Drug Dosage

Part 2 of 2 by Georgiana Cox, CAPS Online Tutor

In this post I will provide examples of intravenous flow rates and pediatric dosages. First of all, dimensional analysis is my preferred method to tackle advanced dosage problems. I think this method is easiest to use to keep track of all the units and not miss any important steps.There are two types of intravenous flow rate problems you will see. Depending on the wording of the problem you may have to calculate for drops per minute or milliliters per hour. For problems asking you to calculate drops per minute a drop factor will always be provided. The drop factor is the number of drops in one milliliter used in intravenous medication administration. Usually the drop factor can be found on the packaging for the tubing you use to set up an IV administration. If you see “gtt” in a problem, that just means drops. For the problems asking you to calculate the infusion rate for an IV pump, you need to solve for milliliters per hour. In the hospital we use IV pumps most of the time to administer IV medications. 

There are also rounding rules you must use when you are doing these problems to keep in mind for nursing school dosage exams. They will be provided when you take dosage exams so don’t worry about memorizing them. However, here they are for your consideration:

NMNE rounding rules

Dosage less than 1, round answers to nearest hundreth

Dosage between 1-10, round answers to nearest tenth

Dosage greater than 10, round answers to the nearest whole number

For all weights, the final answer is rounded to the nearest tenth

Pediatrics round dosage answers to nearest hundredth

All IV hourly rates round to the nearest tenth

All IV drops per minute rates round to the nearest whole number

Intravenous flow rates

1. Hespan 500 ml is ordered to be infused over 3 hours. The drop factor is 15 gtt/ml. How many drops per minute should be given to infuse the total amount of Hespan over 3 hours?

2. The physician orders cefuroxime 1 g in 50 ml of normal saline solution to be infused over 30 minutes. The tubing drop factor is 60 gtt/ml. How many drops per minute should be given to infuse the total amount of cefuroxime over 30 minutes?

3. Infuse 1000 ml of lactated Ringer’s solution over 12 hours. How many ml/hr should the IV pump be programmed for?

4. The physician orders morphine sulfate 15 mg/hr IV. Given a bag with a concentration of 100 mg of morphine sulfate in 200 ml of D5W, how many milliliters per hour should the IV pump be programmed for?

Pediatric dosages

1. The physician orders Keflex 250 mg po four times a day for a child weighing 50 pounds. You have Keflex 250-mg capsules. The recommended daily po dosage for a child is 25 to 50 mg/kg/day in divided doses every 6 hours.

     a. What is the safe recommended dosage range for this child?

     b. Is the order safe?

     c. If yes, how many capsules will you administer?

2. The physician orders Benadryl 25 mg IV every 6 hours for a child weighing 50 pounds. You have available Benadryl 12.5 mg/ml. The recommended daily dosage for a child weighing more than 12 kg is 5 mg/kg/24 hrs in four divided doses.

     a. What is the safe recommended single dosage for this child?

     b. Is the order safe?

     c. If yes, how many milliliters will you prepare?

3. A child is to receive vancomycin 750 mg IV piggy back every 6 hours. The child weighs 68 pounds. The recommended dosage of vancomycin is 40 to 60 mg/kg/24 hr.

     a. What dose per kilogram per 24 hours is the child receiving?

     b. Is the order safe?

If you are looking at some of these problems and saying to yourself, “What the heck?”— don’t worry. It will all make sense when they start teaching you this stuff in nursing school 😊. In nursing school you have to take dosage exams every semester and get a 90% or higher to proceed in the program. If you aren’t familiar with dosage problems already I hope this two part blog post helps you get your “feet wet” with these kinds of problems.

For more practice, visit the following resources. Some of these practice questions and answers are resources created by other nursing schools so feel free to skip over school specific information and look at the practice questions and answers: Mighty Nurse UKY Bridge Nursing Program Nurseslabs Good luck! 

Georgiana Cox is a level 4 nursing student attending the University of New Mexico.

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Nursing Exam Papers

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How To Choose The Best Appliance Repair Company In Barrie, Toronto

As strong as modern home appliances are, most of these devices will likely break down at some point due to wear and tear. Having decided whether it's worth replacing the appliance, most people will now strive to hire the best repair technicians. How do you select the most reliable, proficient, cost-effective and honest from the various repair companies? This article examines a few tips that could make your hunt for the best appliance repair company in Barrie, Toronto, easier and more fruitful.

Don’t Rush

While you probably want your appliances restored quickly, making a hasty decision could cost you dearly. This is perhaps the most important point to keep in consideration while you search for the best service. It’s much better to bear with a little inconvenience than it is to make a bad choice and have your home catch fire due to faulty repairs.

Ask Around

You can get recommendations to good repair contractors by asking your friends, neighbors and relative who’ve used such services in the past. Such suggestions will be very honest: high praises will mean that a company provided exemplary services in the past. On the other hand, people wouldn’t shy away from calling out firms whose services were less-than-satisfying. You can ask a few questions for the firms they suggest:

· Were they satisfied with the quality of work done?

· How reasonable was their price?

· Were the servicemen professional in appearance and action?

· Would they use their services again in future?

Do Some Research

Because not every person will know a good repair company, you’ll need to do some research on your own. This will round out your list of candidates, and your personal satisfaction as well. There are a handful of sites with reviews and ratings of local appliance repair companies from other consumers.

Such resources are invaluable, and you should hence use them to their maximum. Besides, the information they provide is always more telling than any marketing claims you may come across. Having compiled a list of appliance repair firms, you now need to figure out which one to choose.

Expertise

Look for a company with well-trained, accredited repair technicians. Note the readiness with which various firms respond to your inquiries on the technicians’ training and certification. You may also look for smaller companies where the proprietor actually does some of the work. Although it takes a little effort, finding such small and successful firms will often translate into superior quality repair work.

Ask For References

Ask if the firm can provide a list of clients who can be referees for their work. People with personal experience with the firm will have invaluable first-hand knowledge of their services. And a good company will readily provide a list of references to help you judge whether or not their services are right for you.

Guarantee of Work

Ask if the company provides a written guarantee of all work performed as well as replaced components. Additionally, inquire if they have contingencies to cover claims and liabilities arising from clients. Opt for firms that accept credit cards. Even if you weren’t planning to use your credit card, reconsider your decision. Paying this way offers clients the security of being able to lodge complaints if they received bad service or the work wasn’t done properly.

 Best Appliance Repair Services Bairre, Toronto

At some point, almost everyone who owns domestic appliances will need a repair company that can provide a quick, helpful service. That said, you’re likely to be impatient and make bad decisions when you’re upset due to a malfunctioned device. Rather than wait till your equipment breaks down, use these tips to find a good company so that you can contact them quickly during times of need.

Choosing a high quality, trusted appliance repair company can seem challenging if you don’t know what to look for. By following these tips, you will able to find one that suits your needs. Be sure to contact Max Appliance Repair Barrie when you need high-quality appliance repair. We service appliances such as refrigerators, ranges, stoves, cooktops, wall ovens, garbage disposals, dishwashers, washing machines, dryers, and wine refrigerators.

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How to Choose Your Landscape Design Company in Toronto

When you begin your search for a professional landscaper, look for indications that a company has integrity, provides value for money, treats every project with the same degree of attention to detail, delivers on time and is cost-effective. Think about what you want from your outdoor space. Make sure you tell the landscaping Toronto company what you want your garden and property to look like. Share how you want to feel when you're in it. Plant some great ideas and let your landscapers make the design come alive.

Here's a 10-point checklist to help you select the right landscaping company:

Start with some weeding and check credentials: You wouldn't choose your home contractor without some research; select your landscaper the same way. Ask for references. Look at the gardens, walkways and stonework in and around your neighbourhood. Do you like the quality of the work you see? Prune away the companies you don't want to use for sure. Word of mouth is still the best way to find out all about a company's experience, years in business, and company size.

Evaluate overall strengths: Assess design skills, quality of materials, level of craftsmanship, and creative capabilities. Narrowed down your search yet? Check out the company online. Get a feel for the kind of work they do. Review the portfolio and services offered by the landscaper you choose.

Compare quotes wisely: If you have shortlisted a few landscaping companies, ensure that you are comparing their estimates on common grounds - same quality and quantity of materials. Don't settle for poor quality of landscaping products and materials at a lower price. Don't assume either, that higher quality materials must always come at a higher price. Be aware that liability insurance is usually an integral part of a landscaping company's quote.

Ask about contract terms and warranties and get them in writing: Negotiate a contract that covers all the details you can think of. Get all the practical stuff written down. The industry standard is a minimum 1 year on craftsmanship. What does your landscaper's warranty offer? Ask about the process to claim a warranty should you need it.

Check certifications: If your landscapers or their team members are injured while on your property, you do not want to be liable. Avoid this by checking to see if the landscaping company you hire has coverage from the Worker's Safety Insurance Board (WSIB). If they are professional contractors, they should have this in place.

Find out about liability insurance: While WSIB clearance of "good standing" is important, it is not adequate. As a professional landscaping company, your contractor should carry a minimum $1,000,000 personal liability and property damage insurance on a per occurrence basis. In the absence of this, you as the home owner, become liable for any accidents caused by or to the landscaping company's employees while on your property.

Watch for pressure tactics: Contractors will typically try to speed up your decision by talking about scheduling difficulties in the future and current or immediate availability. Take your time to decide!

Consider landscaping design: Ensure the contractor's willingness to understand your design needs and aesthetic vision. See that they deliver design options to match your requirements before work begins.

Budget and timelines: These are usually the worst hit! To ensure on time and within budget completion of your landscaping job, get dates and costs in writing.

Know your single point of contact: Ask for full contact information of an individual who owns responsibility for the landscaping assignment. On-site workers may not always be the ones responsible for critical matters like material, timing, and overall quality.

Action Home Services has over 20 years of experience providing quality landscape work and design in Toronto and surrounding areas. The company is well known for their expertise and valuable advice they provide to their clients.

To learn more about landscape design and construction for your Toronto home, go to Action Home Services.

[thematchgirl]

Best Knife Set Reviews

You can get many Chef Knife Set for Culinary School, but finding a set of knives isn't easy. But just for you, I've rounded up some of the best and best knife sets under $ 200. In this review you will discover an affordable and amazing knife set that will impress you. Only expensive kitchen knives are not very high and durable and will serve you for a long time. But sometimes you can find a set of the highest quality knives that can serve you for a long time without complications.

But should you choose the best that is right for you? Before deciding on a set of knives, you should know what knife and other materials you really need. Each set of knives has different knives and tools.

Before choosing a kit, you need to understand its basics. But if you really don't know anything about knives and unfamiliar tools, then don't worry. Because everything I explained in this kitchen knife costs less than $ 200. After reading this article, do you understand which set of knives and tool is best for you? So let's get started!

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Best anti aging cream for women

Aging might be a natural and irreversible process but, we can use newly discovered skin care techniques to slow down the aging of the skin. If you are determined to slow down this aging, you can be successful by following the tips included in this article. Some of the leading causes and how they can be overcome are shown below. Anti aging 

Sun damage

Unprotected exposure to direct sunlight is the number one cause of premature aging . Over the years, sunlight can cause irreversible changes to your skin. You should protect yourself from sun damage by the judicious use of sunscreen on the exposed areas. Many makeup companies offer products that come with sun protection. You can wear these outside. You can reduce the exposure to sunlight by wearing a hat or an umbrella when you go outside during the day. You can read more about anti aging products here :