Week 2: Cultural Anthropology
Anthropology 2200 (Robert Bunger)
how one becomes an anthropologist?
1. Get a degree. (undergraduate)
-biological - minor (biology)
-archaeology- minor (history)
-linguist- minor (linguistics)
-cultural- minor (psychology)
* no jobs labeled anthropologist for undergraduates
2. Graduate school (can help your chances or broaden it to finding a job in anthropology.)
3. Doctors degree. (the only actual degree where one my get a job or become a professor labeled anthropologist.)
- subconscious anthropology has been around since the creation of man; curiosity.
*Herodotus (484-425 B.C.) (ancient Greek historian) wrote about wars between the Persians and Greeks, books describe the behavior of other cultures.
-Scythians (modern Ukraine)
-Egyptians (mummification)
* ethnography- (description of another culture.)
*Tacitus (55-117 A.D.) (Roman) Germania (systematic ethnography) people who feared East of the Roman border. Beleived the Romans were becoming weaker in all aspects. Showed Germania was morally stronger then Rome.
1500-1700 (European Age of Discovery)
John White pictures (artist) North Carolina Native Americans.
*Bernado de Sahagun (1507-1590) (Aztec) sent to Mexico to teach priest began writing his accounts of Aztec cultures.
Anthropos logos began in Europe during the the Enlightenment period.
(17 century plus 16 century)
-physical and cultural have structure and occur in regular pattern.
Sir Issac Newton, Francis Bacon (physical)
*Charles Louis de Montesquieu (1689-1755) (Spirit of Laws) (founded of anthropology, sociology, and political science.)
-environment causes the cultures ways. (environmental determinism.)
Cultural Evolution (19 Century) how society and culture changed) they develop in the same stages.
*Louis Henry Morgan (1818-1881) founder of American Anthropology.
- lawyer (New York) very interested in Native Americans. meet a rep of Seneca Indians. (League of the Hodenasaunee ur Iroquis.) Senecs culture.
1. Savagry 2. Babarism 3. Civilization (each have different classes.)
(upper, middle, lower) all have a different based form of subsistence (food/shelter), kinship, and marriage.
Fredrick Engols (German) transmitted Morgan's ideas to Karl Marx
Karl Marx (1818-1883) built ideas upon Louis Morgan's theory.
- society would grow backwards towards a non-capitalist individual utopia society.
