villains and antagonists are so underappreciated in media. they drive the protagonist, instigate character development, force them to make and do tough things that show us just how special they are.
a lackluster antagonist isn't going to drive the hero to reach new levels, to show these complex sides of themself and feel deeply (and cause us to feel deeply with them). the weight and pressure the antagonist puts on the story will make it or break it. we should be nearly as invested in the villain's actions and motives as we are the heroes.
and the different types of antagonists create different and fascinating dynamics with the protagonist and moral of the story.
— an antagonist who hurts because they are hurt: Loki. this is important for a hero like Thor because he's never had to face the fact that he isn't perfect and doing what he thinks is right isn't necessarily the right answer. he learns to look outside of himself because he was too arrogant to realize the ramifications of his and other heroes actions. if it was just another power hungry villain Thor would defeat them with his might and never learn to empathize.
— an antagonist who believes they're helping/doing what's right: Thanos. This being the Avengers first proper loss breaks the status quo of good vs. evil. MCU Thanos genuinely believes he's making the world better just like the Avengers, so good intention isn't enough to overcome the villain's power like in other stories. The fact that many people agreed with Thanos makes the protagonists look inwards and feel the weight of their actions. Their decisions in Civil War felt right and important at the time to each hero, but that break up meant they weren't together to fight Thanos. It's implied that if CW never happened they would have defeated Thanos, but they didn't, and instead lost those they care about permanently.
— an antagonist who wants power: Iron Man villains. Killian, Hammer, Stane. This pairs with Tony well because he grew up in an environment where power, intelligence, and wealth were always the priority. Even above himself. He fulfilled the Stark legacy and only when faced with a mirror of what this business and greed does to the world, what he's inadvertently done to others, does he step up to reverse the dark path he's been walking. Even though he regrets his past he's constantly learning how those actions did, do, and will hurt people. When you pair this type of antagonist up with someone like Captain America, such as Red Skull, the entire plot is different:
Captain America is an underdog story about how Steve's strong and ever-present moral compass makes him powerful. He's a role model and he teaches us to fight for the little guy no matter the odds or our own position. He was always a good person. Tony Stark is a redemption story. He didn't do the right thing, he was uninformed, he was selfish. His story is about change, guilt, and development. Steve wasn't a hero because of the serum, the serum just amplified the hero that was already there— but Tony wasn't doing the right thing, so it's important to know that you can change and make up for your wrongdoings any time in life. Regret is unavoidable but guilt is not permanent
The Obadiah Stane and Quentin Beck parallels extend beyond their own characters; Obadiah instigates the creation of Iron Man, and Quentin prevents Peter from stepping away from Spider-Man. Despite having opposing beginnings (rich, powerful, dangerous vs. poor, powerless, weak) both Peter and Tony are forced to be heroes due to their inability to allow others to be harmed because of them. Peter is able to learn the lessons Tony did far earlier in life, giving us hope of an even better generation of heroes. History repeats itself but so can the lessons and learning.
This is why I enjoy Peter and Tony's dynamic and connection in the MCU so much. the mentorship allows them to grow together/because of one another, and shows how you don't stop growing as a person despite your mature age or extensive experience, and you don't stop learning from someone just because they aren't around anymore.
Peter isn't Iron Man jr, and he has to realize that it isn't possible nor what's best. Their relationship was never to make Peter more like Tony, but to make him realize he isn't— and that's a good thing. They connect through similarities and improve each other through differences.