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Seven Major Reasons Why Chickens Eat Their Eggs and How to Stop It

Ever wondered why chickens eat their eggs? It's a strange behavior that can be seen across the poultry world - from backyard chicken coops to commercial egg farms. While it may seem counterintuitive, there are some important biological and behavioral reasons why chickens eat their eggs - and why it's important for their health. Understanding why chickens eat their eggs can help us better manage and care for them, as well as understand what's normal and what's not. In this article, we'll explore the reasons why chickens eat their eggs and the practical implications for chicken keepers. Here are seven major reasons why chickens might start eating their eggs and how to stop it.

What Causes Chickens Eat Their Eggs?

Chicken enthusiasts might be dismayed to find their hens eating their eggs. But before you panic, it's important to understand why chickens might eat their eggs in the first place. There are several reasons, some of which are more concerning than others. The most common reason is that the hen is experiencing stress. This can be caused by several factors, including changes in their environment, fear, or being disturbed while nesting. In some cases, hens might start eating their eggs as a way to relieve this stress. Another reason hens might eat their eggs is due to a lack of calcium in their diet. Eggs are a good source of calcium, so if the hen isn't getting enough from her food, she might start eating her eggs as a way to supplement her diet. Hens might also eat their eggs if they're sick or have a parasite. In some cases, the egg will be infected and the hen will eat it to get rid of the infection. And finally, sometimes hens will just eat their eggs because they're bored or have nothing else to do.

Stress and Boredom

If your chickens are constantly pecking at their eggs, it's likely because they're looking for something to do. Chickens are instinctively curious animals, and when they're cooped up in a small space, they can get bored quickly. This boredom can lead to stress, which in turn can lead to egg-eating. The best way to prevent boredom and alleviate stress is to provide your chickens with plenty of toys and activities to keep them occupied. Rotating new items in and out of the chicken coop will keep them engaged, and you can also try providing them with treats like live insects or fresh fruit and vegetables.

Inadequate Diet

Chickens that eat their eggs are usually doing so because they're not getting the proper nutrition. When a hen's diet is deficient in certain vitamins and minerals, she may start nipping at her eggs as a way to get those nutrients. This is particularly common in young hens, who are still growing and developing. If their diet is lacking in, for example, calcium, they may start to eat their eggs as a way to compensate. So one way to stop this behavior is to make sure your hens are eating a balanced diet that includes all the nutrients they need. You can also give your chickens access to oyster shells or other calcium supplements to help ensure they're getting enough of this nutrient.

Hormonal Imbalances and Laying Cycle Irregularities

Hormonal imbalances and laying cycle irregularities can also be a major cause of egg-eating. If chickens are free to roam and mingle, they can become overstimulated, which causes them to lay eggs too frequently. This disrupts the hormonal balance that regulates the normal cycle of eating and laying eggs. If your chickens are overstimulated, their bodies will start producing too much estrogen, which causes them to lay eggs without breaking open the shell to eat them. So if your flock is laying eggs too frequently or having irregular cycles, you should consider providing them with more nesting boxes, reducing their stress levels, and trying feed that has higher levels of calcium. Spending more time with your chickens and providing them with plenty of other things to eat, like vegetables and fruits can also help reduce egg eating caused by hormonal imbalances or irregularities in the laying cycle. You could also provide a treat like mealworms now and then so they won’t be tempted by the white shells on their eggs.

How to Prevent Your Chickens From Eating Their Eggs

If your chickens already have a habit of eating eggs, the only way to prevent them from doing so is by removing the eggs as soon as they are laid. This can be done by regularly checking nests for eggs and removing them before the chickens have a chance to eat them. You can also try providing your chickens with plenty of food and treats so they don't feel the need to eat their eggs. Scattering treats, such as mealworms or chopped vegetables, around the coop will help keep them distracted and interested in something else. Additionally, make sure they always have access to high-quality feed and fresh water. If your feed looks stale or has mold on it, replace it immediately.

Proper Nutrition, Prompt Egg Collection, and Enrichment Activities

The sixth and perhaps the most important step in curbing egg-eating behavior is to ensure that your chickens have ample access to proper nutrition, as well as prompt egg collection and enrichment activities. A balanced diet provides your birds with the energy, protein, vitamin, and mineral levels they need. A few signs of poor nutrition in chickens include dull comb color, weight loss, and slowed growth. To prevent chickens from accidentally pecking and eating their eggs, you should collect them promptly on a daily basis. If possible, store them in a cool area or refrigerate them to keep the shells hard. As for enrichment activities, offer your chickens items such as scratch grains, weeds, grains, and seeds so that they have something else to occupy their time other than eating their eggs.

Ensure Suitable Housing and Environmental Conditions

The seventh major reason why chickens might eat their eggs is that their housing or environmental conditions aren't suitable. This means that if your chickens live in an area with inadequate ventilation or exposure to the elements, they may be prone to cannibalizing their eggs. To prevent this, make sure your chicken coop and run provide a comfortable, safe space with plenty of air circulation. It should also have adequate protection from the elements so that your chickens don't get too cold or hot during extreme weather conditions. Ensuring suitable housing and environmental conditions for your chickens is vital to keeping them happy, healthy, and laying fresh eggs for you to eat. If you keep these tips in mind when caring for your flock, you can rest assured knowing that they won't be tempted to snack on their eggs! Conclusion Chickens can be very egg-eating culprits, but with a few changes to their environment and routine, you can help to stop the habit. Try some of these tips to keep your chickens from eating their eggs and keep the egg production cycle going strong. Read the full article

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Top 5 main reasons why chickens stop laying eggs

You may have wondered at some point what causes chickens to stop laying eggs. It's a question that's often asked by most backyard chicken enthusiasts and those just starting with keeping chickens. Chickens lay eggs for a variety of reasons, but there are five main reasons why they might stop. Below, we'll take a look at each of these reasons and give you some tips on how to get your hens back to laying eggs.

Nutritional Deficiencies

One of the most common reasons why chickens stop laying eggs is due to nutritional deficiencies. Nutritional deficiencies can arise when the chicken's diet isn't properly balanced, or when they're not getting enough essential nutrients. Some of the most common nutrients that chickens need for optimal egg production include protein, calcium, phosphorous, Vitamin A, and Vitamin D. If your chickens are not getting enough of these nutrients, it can cause them to stop laying eggs.

Age

The second most common reason for a chicken to stop laying eggs is age. Chickens typically lay eggs for the first two to three years of their lives, after which production begins to slow down. Eventually, the chicken will stop laying eggs altogether. This is a biological process and there is nothing you can do to avert it.

Stress and Lifestyle

Chickens are like people—when they're stressed out, they stop being productive. There are several reasons why chickens might be stressed out, and it's important to know what they are so you can help your flock stay healthy and productive. One of the most common causes of stress for chickens is changes in their environment. Maybe you've moved them to a new coop, changed their feed, or started letting them roam free. Any kind of change can be stressful for them, so try to keep their routine as consistent as possible. Another big stressor for chickens is overcrowding. If you have too many chickens in too small of a space, it can create tension and competition for food and nesting areas. Try to give your chickens plenty of room to spread out and relax. Lifestyle choices can also cause stress in chickens. If you're smoking, drinking,g or using drugs around your birds, it can be very harmful to them. Chemicals in these substances can make your hens sick and stop them from laying eggs.

Light Exposure

Another reason why chickens may stop laying eggs is light exposure. For chickens, this means that they need 10-14 hours of sunlight each day, and if they don’t get enough, then their body won't produce the right hormones to lay eggs. This is especially true in winter months when there are fewer hours of daylight. To combat this, you can invest in a light or two and install them in the coop to give your chickens extra hours of light each day. If you’re not sure what kind of lights to get, look for ones that are designed specifically for chicken coops—they will be strong enough to keep your flock laying eggs throughout the year. You'll also want to ensure that you aren't overcrowding your coop so your chickens have plenty of space and fresh air circulation. This goes a long way toward keeping your hens healthy and active enough to continue laying eggs.

Too Much Egg Laying activity

If your chickens have been laying eggs non-stop over an extended period, they may take a break to rest. Too much egg-laying will deplete their reserves, leaving them feeling worn out and unable to produce more eggs. It's important to remember that chickens are living creatures and won't be able to lay eggs indefinitely without taking breaks. Make sure they get enough rest by introducing some activities such as dust baths or providing them with plenty of fresh grass and other greens. You can also give them a quality feed that includes plenty of protein and calcium to help them replenish the nutrients lost from egg production. As long as you keep their environment healthy and comfortable, your chickens should eventually start laying eggs again. Conclusion

So if you're finding that your hens have suddenly stopped laying eggs, it's worth checking out whether one of these reasons is the culprit. Fortunately, most of these causes are relatively easy to rectify, so hopefully, you'll be able to get your chickens back to laying eggs in no time! Read the full article

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11 Common Fertilizing Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Plants require nutrients to thrive, grow and produce good yields, which involves providing them with fertilizers. But do you know that fertilizing is not as straightforward as you may think? This is because one ought to have a clear knowledge on when,what and how to fertilize your garden, or you might end up destroying your crops. Below are the 11 most common fertilizing mistakes you need to avoid:

Applying Too Much Fertilizer

Applying too much fertilizer is a common mistake that can have serious consequences in your farm. Over-fertilization can lead to crop damage, decreased yields, and increased purchase costs. It can also pollute the environment and contaminate groundwater. To avoid these problems, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully and only apply the recommended amount of fertilizer. If you are unsure about how much to use, ask a professional for advice.

Not able to differentiate between organic and processed fertilizers

When purchasing a fertilizer it's important to have a clear understanding of the type that is required in your garden. Processed ones are commonly referred to as synthetic or chemical fertilizers. They are made from natural ingredients and at the same time refined to concentrated solid thereby delivering nutrients to the crops quickly. Whereas organic fertilizers are made from compost from plants and animal wastes. These types of fertilizers release nutrients quite slowly but effectively.

Not Testing Your Soil First

One of the most common fertilizing mistakes is not testing your soil first. If you don't know what your soil needs, you could be wasting money on fertilizers that your plants don't need. Even worse, you could be damaging your plants with too much of a certain nutrient. Get your soil tested by a professional and make sure you are using the right fertilizer for your plants.

Choosing the Wrong Fertilizer

One of the most common mistakes farmers make is using the wrong fertilizer. There are many different types of fertilizer, and each one is designed for a specific type of plant. Using the wrong fertilizer can actually damage your crops, so it's important to be aware of the different types and to choose the right one for your needs.

Applying Fertilizer to Dry Soil

Applying fertilizer to dry soil is one of the most common fertilizing mistakes among most novice gardeners. When applied on dry soil, the fertilizer will not be able to penetrate the soil and reach the roots of your plants. As a result, your plants will not be able to get the nutrients they need and they may even die. To avoid this, always make sure to water your plants before applying fertilizer. This will help fertilizer to seep into the soil and reach the roots of your plants.

Not Using Enough Organic Matter

Organic matter is essential for healthy soil, and it helps to hold nutrients and moisture in the soil. If you're not using enough organic matter, your soil will be less productive and your plants will be more susceptible to drought and pests. Use compost, manure, and other organic materials to improve the health of your soil.

Failure to Fertilize Seedlings

Fertilizing your seedlings is one of the most important things you can do to ensure a successful growing season. However, it's also one of the easiest things to forget. If you don't fertilize your seedlings, they will be weaker when transplanting. To avoid this mistake, make sure to fertilize your seedlings when they still in the nursery bed. Use a high-quality fertilizer that is specifically designed for seedlings. Apply the fertilizer according to the manufacturer's instructions, and water the seedlings well after fertilizing.

Not Following the Recommended Application Rates

One of the most common mistakes farmers make is not following the recommended application rates. Farmers often think that if a little is good, then a lot must be better. This is not the case. Applying too much fertilizer can actually harm your crops and cause environmental damage. It's important to follow the manufacturer's instructions when applying fertilizer, and to only use the amount that is recommended for your specific crop and soil type. By doing so, you'll be able to achieve the best results without harming your plants or the environment.

Applying Fertilizer to Wet Leaves

Applying fertilizer to wet leaves is a mistake that can lead to leaf burn. If the leaves are wet, the fertilizer will just sit on top of them and not be absorbed into the plant. Wait until the leaves are dry before applying fertilizer, or water the leaves after you apply the fertilizer so it can be absorbed.

Fertilizing at the Wrong Time

One of the most common fertilizing mistakes is applying fertilizer at the wrong time. Fertilizer should be applied when the plants are actively growing, and not when they are dormant. Applying fertilizer to dormant plants can actually do more harm than good.

Thinking All Plants Need the Same Nutrients

Just because two plants are the same species doesn't mean they have the same nutrient needs. In fact, different varieties of the same plant can have completely different nutritional requirements. For instance, some plants require more nitrogen than other crops. If you applied the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer to all your plants, some would get too much and some would get too little. To make sure your plants are getting the correct nutrients they need, do some research on the specific varieties you're growing. Read the full article

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11 Common Fertilizing Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

Plants require nutrients to thrive, grow and produce good yields, which involves providing them with fertilizers. But do you know that fertilizing is not as straightforward as you may think? This is because one ought to have a clear knowledge on when,what and how to fertilize your garden, or you might end up destroying your crops. Below are the 11 most common fertilizing mistakes you need to avoid:

Applying Too Much Fertilizer

Applying too much fertilizer is a common mistake that can have serious consequences in your farm. Over-fertilization can lead to crop damage, decreased yields, and increased purchase costs. It can also pollute the environment and contaminate groundwater. To avoid these problems, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions carefully and only apply the recommended amount of fertilizer. If you are unsure about how much to use, ask a professional for advice.

Not able to differentiate between organic and processed fertilizers

When purchasing a fertilizer it's important to have a clear understanding of the type that is required in your garden. Processed ones are commonly referred to as synthetic or chemical fertilizers. They are made from natural ingredients and at the same time refined to concentrated solid thereby delivering nutrients to the crops quickly. Whereas organic fertilizers are made from compost from plants and animal wastes. These types of fertilizers release nutrients quite slowly but effectively.

Not Testing Your Soil First

One of the most common fertilizing mistakes is not testing your soil first. If you don't know what your soil needs, you could be wasting money on fertilizers that your plants don't need. Even worse, you could be damaging your plants with too much of a certain nutrient. Get your soil tested by a professional and make sure you are using the right fertilizer for your plants.

Choosing the Wrong Fertilizer

One of the most common mistakes farmers make is using the wrong fertilizer. There are many different types of fertilizer, and each one is designed for a specific type of plant. Using the wrong fertilizer can actually damage your crops, so it's important to be aware of the different types and to choose the right one for your needs.

Applying Fertilizer to Dry Soil

Applying fertilizer to dry soil is one of the most common fertilizing mistakes among most novice gardeners. When applied on dry soil, the fertilizer will not be able to penetrate the soil and reach the roots of your plants. As a result, your plants will not be able to get the nutrients they need and they may even die. To avoid this, always make sure to water your plants before applying fertilizer. This will help fertilizer to seep into the soil and reach the roots of your plants.

Not Using Enough Organic Matter

Organic matter is essential for healthy soil, and it helps to hold nutrients and moisture in the soil. If you're not using enough organic matter, your soil will be less productive and your plants will be more susceptible to drought and pests. Use compost, manure, and other organic materials to improve the health of your soil.

Failure to Fertilize Seedlings

Fertilizing your seedlings is one of the most important things you can do to ensure a successful growing season. However, it's also one of the easiest things to forget. If you don't fertilize your seedlings, they will be weaker when transplanting. To avoid this mistake, make sure to fertilize your seedlings when they still in the nursery bed. Use a high-quality fertilizer that is specifically designed for seedlings. Apply the fertilizer according to the manufacturer's instructions, and water the seedlings well after fertilizing.

Not Following the Recommended Application Rates

One of the most common mistakes farmers make is not following the recommended application rates. Farmers often think that if a little is good, then a lot must be better. This is not the case. Applying too much fertilizer can actually harm your crops and cause environmental damage. It's important to follow the manufacturer's instructions when applying fertilizer, and to only use the amount that is recommended for your specific crop and soil type. By doing so, you'll be able to achieve the best results without harming your plants or the environment.

Applying Fertilizer to Wet Leaves

Applying fertilizer to wet leaves is a mistake that can lead to leaf burn. If the leaves are wet, the fertilizer will just sit on top of them and not be absorbed into the plant. Wait until the leaves are dry before applying fertilizer, or water the leaves after you apply the fertilizer so it can be absorbed.

Fertilizing at the Wrong Time

One of the most common fertilizing mistakes is applying fertilizer at the wrong time. Fertilizer should be applied when the plants are actively growing, and not when they are dormant. Applying fertilizer to dormant plants can actually do more harm than good.

Thinking All Plants Need the Same Nutrients

Just because two plants are the same species doesn't mean they have the same nutrient needs. In fact, different varieties of the same plant can have completely different nutritional requirements. For instance, some plants require more nitrogen than other crops. If you applied the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer to all your plants, some would get too much and some would get too little. To make sure your plants are getting the correct nutrients they need, do some research on the specific varieties you're growing. Read the full article

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10 Important Tomato Growth hacks to follow for a Bumper Harvest

Tomatoes are the most commonly grown vegetables in most peoples gardens or farms. It's every farmers dream to get a bumper harvest than not. If you need to get high yields, you'll have to follow important tomato growth hacks carefully. The problem with tomato farming is that it's also the most challenging task especially among most new farmers. They are always hit with challenges like; fusarium wilt and blossom end rot. To fight off this common challenges one need to carefully follow these proven tomato growth hacks and get high tomato yields in the garden.

What causes tomato plants to grow faster

The only secret of growing tomatoes is feeding them with nutrients in high volume since the crops are known as heavy feeders. Failure to which will lead to low quality harvests. Nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium are the major macro nutrients required by tomato plants. Moreover, tomatoes also need micro nutrients like magnesium which aides in faster growth. If plants are magnesium deficient, they suffer from stunted growth.

What Is the Best Recommended Fertilizer for Tomatoes

The best fertilizer required depends with the type of nutrients already in the soil. Nonetheless, tomatoes mainly rely on NPK( Nitogen, phosphorus and potassium ) fertilizer. Though the amounts needed varies with the plants growth cycles.

10 Tomato Growth Hacks to Get High Yields

If you are yearning for high tomato yields, you must get tomato growth hacks that has worked with the most experienced tomato gardeners over the years. Success starts from seeds all the way to harvesting fruits. Here are key practices to follow.

Select Correct Variety for your Climate

If you want to get a high yield from your tomatoes, you need to choose the right variety for your climate. There are many different varieties of tomato, and each one thrives in different conditions. Some varieties are better suited to warm climates, while others do better in cooler conditions. If you want to get the best possible yield, you need to choose a variety that will do well in your particular climate. You can ask your local nursery or gardening store for advice on which variety would be best.

Start Tomato Plants From Seedlings

Seedlings are young plants that have already grown and have begun to grow. They can be bought from most garden supplies, or you can start them yourself from seed. Starting your tomato plants from seedlings is a great way to get a head start on the growing season. It also allows you to control the environment in which they grow, and choose the varieties that you want to grow. To start your tomato plants from seedlings, you will need to purchase some quality seeds from a reputable supplier. You will also need to provide them with the proper care and attention, including watering and fertilizing them regularly.

Harden Off Tomato Plants Before Transplanting

Hardening off your tomato plants before transplanting them into the garden is crucial for their health and growth. To harden off your tomato plants, start by acclimating them to the outdoors. Gradually increase time they spend outdoors over a period of of one week. Then, transplant them into their final area in the garden. Once they are transplanted, water them regularly and fertilize them. With proper care, your tomato plants will thrive and produce a bountiful harvest.

Space Tomato Plants Adequately

If you want to increase your chances of a high yield harvest, make sure to space your tomato plants adequately. Each plant should have about two feet of space in all directions so that it can grow properly. If you crowd your plants too closely together, they will compete for nutrients, and the overall yield will be lower.

Transplant Tomato Plants Deep Into the Soil

Tomato plants are one of the few vegetables that will actually grow new roots along their stems if you bury them deep enough in the soil. So, when you're transplanting your tomato plants, bury them up to their necks in the soil. Doing this will encourage the plant to grow new roots, which will lead to a healthier plant and a higher yield.

Stake or Cage Tomato Plants

If you live in an area with high winds, you'll want to stake or cage your tomato plants. This will keep them from being knocked over and will help them to grow straight. Staking tomato plants is also a good practice if you have limited space. It allows you to grow more plants in a smaller area. Caging tomato plants will also help to keep the fruit off the ground, which will prevent it from rotting.

Water Tomatoes Regularly and Evenly

Watering your tomatoes regularly and evenly is crucial for a high yield harvest. It's advisable to water your plants in the morning to help the leaves have time to dry before evening. This will help prevent diseases. Be sure to also water the soil, not just the leaves.

Apply Mulching

Mulching your tomatoes is a great way to help suppress weeds and conserve moisture. You can use any number of materials for mulch, including straw, grass clippings, leaves, or even cardboard. Just make sure that the material you use is organic and free of chemicals. Mulching also helps to keep the fruit clean and free of dirt and debris. It's a good idea to apply a fresh layer of mulch every few weeks, or as needed.

Fertilize Tomatoes Throughout the Growing Season

Fertilizing tomatoes is important to ensure a high yield harvest, but it's also important to fertilize them throughout the growing season. Tomato plants are heavy feeders and will need to be fertilized every two weeks or so. When applying fertilizer, make sure to do it in the morning. Also, be sure to water the plants thoroughly after fertilizing to wash away any fertilizer that might have been applied too heavily and could burn the plants.

Harvest Tomatoes Frequently

One of the best ways to increase your tomato yield is to harvest them frequently. tomatoes that are left on the vine will continue to ripen, but they will also start to lose their flavor. By harvesting them regularly, you can enjoy them at their peak of flavor and get the most out of your crop.

Conclusion

By following these ten tomato growth hacks, you can expect a high yield of delicious, red tomatoes come harvest time. Some say that following these simple tricks they immediately see an increase in harvest by 50 to 75%, so make sure to give it a try and see what happens in your farm this season. Read the full article

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8 best and high yielding cabbage varieties

There are huge number of cabbage varieties in the market which makes it difficult for any farmer to choose the best and high yielding one. In this article we have identified 8 varieties which have shown to produce good results as mentioned above. However before you plan on purchasing cabbage variety to plant ,there are various factors you should consider; Time it takes to mature Yield quantity - interms of kilograms Tolerance to pests and diseases Uniform and firmness in maturity. Below are the best variety you should consider planting in your farm for excellent results.

1. QUEEN F1

Queen f1 is a hybrid cabbage variety which is highly ranked interms of production. It's price ranges from kes1800 to kes2000 per 10g. Characteristics - Round and attractive in shape - Produces 4-5 kilograms head in maturity - Hard and firm variety - Takes only 85 days to mature - Highly tolerant to black rot

2. GLORIA F1

It's a hybrid variety which does so well in highlands areas. Gloria f1 price ranges from Kes750 to Kes800 currently - the price is due to change. Characteristics - It's head size can weigh up to 6kg - It's round and attractive in shape - Has a long shelf life compared to other varieties - Highly tolerant to black rot - Matures in 85 days - Good field holding capacity

3. PRUKTOR F1

PRUKTOR is a hybrid and high yielding variety which price goes from Kes800 to Kes 900 per 10g. Characteristics - Head size weighs up to 4 to 5 kg - Just like other hybrid variety it's also rounded in shape - Firm and compact - Highly tolerant to black rot and ring spot - Takes 3 months to mature after transplanting

4. SERENA F1

Serena f1 is a pocket friendly variety for a farmer who doesn't want to use much capital on seeds. It will cost you around Kes300 for a 10 g satchet. Characteristics - Exhibits excellent pest and cabbage diseases tolerance - Produces attractive and rounded heads - It's heads weigh around 4-5kg - Serena only takes about 3 months to mature - Longer shelf life

5. RIANA F1

Riana f1 is a quality cabbage and highly marketable variety due it's huge heads and firmness. Characteristics - Weighs 5 - 6 kg when fully grown - Excellent tolerance to many cabbage diseases and pests - Matures very fast , within three months you can start transporting to the market

6. Victoria f1

This cabbage is fast growing variety which takes just 70 days to mature. It's ideal for growers and marketers due to it's attractive appearance. Characteristics - High yielding - can produce 50 tonnes in an acre - Firm and big head - Easy to sell due to it's attractive nature - Pest and diseases resistant - Matures in uniform and has a longer shelf life

7. Polo f1

This is the newest cabbage variety which is improved to mature very and informally. It's disease resistant and high yielding at the same time, which makes it best among other seed varieties. Characteristics - Possess attractive light green big heads which weighs up to 6kg - High yielding variety - Easily adjusts to any climatic conditions - Uniform and firm

8. Sunny F1

It's a fast growing variety which merely takes 70 days to mature. Sunny f1 is perfect for marketers since it's easier to sell in the market. Characteristics - Huge head in maturity - Weighs 5kg - Highly tolerant to diseases - Suitable to adverse weather conditions Quantity of seeds required in an acre Basically in an acre of land a farmer only needs 120g of cabbage seeds. It's advisable to plant your seeds in seed trays for about four weeks before transplanting. NOTE: Before transplanting seedlings need to be hardened so as to cope with the current environmental conditions. Read the full article

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How to Make Apple Farming in Kenya Profitable

Apple farming in Kenya is a profitable agribusiness venture,this is because of the high increase in demand of the fruit. The high demand in the country is brought about by enormous health benefits associated by the precious fruit. Most apple fruits found in the market currently are imported from South Africa, although recently, there has been an increase in apple production from local farmers.

Apple fruits health benefits

Apple is a very nutritious fruit that is high in fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants. They are an excellent source of vitamin C, magnesium and potassium.

Which are Apple growing areas in Kenya

There are several areas in Kenya where apple farming is being practised. The highlands of Mount Kenya are well-suited for apple farming, as the climate is cool and the soil is fertile. There are other regions where apples are being produced in high numbers like; Uasin Gishu, Transzoia,Nandi,Kericho etc Apple farmers in Kenya can make a good profit by using the proper cultivation methods and selling their produce at the right price. By carefully planning their farms and marketing their apples rightly, Kenyan apple farmers can make a good living from this valuable crop.

Apple propagation

You can propagate apples by planting seeds from an apple. The seeds will take about two weeks to germinate, and once they have, you will need to graft them before transplanting them in the farm. Grafting sometimes it's tedious and time consuming so my advise is to search and buy apple seedlings from established suppliers. Which are best apple varieties to plant? The most common and high yielding varieties to plant in Kenya are, Wambugu apple, top red, brae burn, and winter banana

Best Ecological Conditions for Apple Farming in Kenya

Before embarking on apple farming in Kenya, it is important to understand the ecological requirements for this special crop. Apples require well-drained, fertile soil with a pH of 6.0-7.0. The land should also be free of rocks and other debris, as these can damage the roots of the trees. The climate for apple farming should be cool and moist, with an annual rainfall of at least 1,000 mm. The temperature should not drop below -5 degrees Celsius or rise above 30 degrees Celsius.

Land preparation

Before you can start planting apple trees, you will need to prepare the land. This includes clearing the land of any debris, leveling the ground, and adding compost manure or fertilizer. If the land is not properly prepared, your apple trees will not thrive.

Planting

Planting apple trees is not very complicated. You will need to choose a sunny spot in your farm, and dig a hole that is twice as deep as the size of the pot your tree came in. Be sure to add plenty of manure or compost to the soil before planting. Your apple tree will need at least six hours of direct sunlight each day, so make sure to choose a location where it will have plenty of sun exposure. Once your tree is planted, be sure to water it regularly and provide nutrients. With a little bit of care, your apple tree will soon be bearing fruits.

Mulching

In order to make apple farming in Kenya profitable, mulching your plants is inevitable. Mulching is the process of covering the ground with a layer of organic material, such as leaves, straw, or compost. This protects the soil from erosion and helps to keep it moist. Mulching also helps to regulate the temperature of the soil, which is important for apple trees. It can help to keep the soil cool in the summer and warm in the winter. Mulching also helps to improve the fertility of the soil by adding organic matter.

Apple Irrigation

You can significantly increase your apple production by irrigating your plantation. Apple trees need a lot of water, especially during the hot summer months. If you can replenish them with enough water, they will produce a bumper crop of delicious apples. There are a number of different irrigation systems that you can use, though the best recommended method is drip irrigation. This is because drip irrigation helps to minimize water logging due moderate water supply to the plants.

Pruning

One of the most important things you can do to make apple farming in Kenya profitable is to properly prune your trees. Pruning helps the tree grow in a healthy and productive way, and it also helps to improve the quality of the fruit. Make sure to prune your trees regularly and be sure to remove any dead or damaged branches. You may also want to thin out branches so as to allow for free air circulation.

Apples nutritional requirements

Before planting crops it's always produce to perform soil testing to discern the nutrients that are available in the soil. After transplanting during the end of the first month, apples require plenty of nitrogen nutrients to promote faster growth of leaves and branches.

Pests and disease control

There are a number of pests and diseases that can affect apple farming in Kenya. These can be controlled through a combination of cultural practices, chemical treatments, and biological control measures. To keep your plantations healthy and profitable, it is important to implement a comprehensive pest and disease control program. This will help to minimize the damage caused by pests and diseases and ensure a healthy crop of apples.

Conclusion

There are a few key things to keep in mind if you want to make apple farming in Kenya profitable. First, you ought to select the right place. Second, you need to invest in quality seedlings and care for them appropriately. Third, you need to market your apples well. By following these tips, you can increase your chances of success and make a profit from apple farming in Kenya. Read the full article

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10 Proven Strategies for Maximizing Profitable Poultry Farming

Profitable poultry farming is a diverse and huge business potential that is mainly split into eggs production, chicks production through hatcheries, and meat production. When starting any business, there is huge motivation of succeeding , though sometimes it's not always the case. Failure of not succeeding in poultry business has pushed away many farmers out of the business. Most of them don't want to learn or practise straightforward guidelines to be successful. Below are proven methods to follow for a successful and profitable poultry farming business.

Use quality feeds

If you're looking to start a poultry farm, it's important to feed your flock with high quality feeds to maximise production. Low quality feeds are no option if you want huge profits. I understand quality feeds are not cheaper but are worth it.

Raise multiple poultry breeds

When it comes to poultry farming, it is important to raise multiple and a variety of poultry breeds. This will ensure that you have a combination of products to sell, and it will also help you to weather the ups and downs of the market. By raising different breeds, you will be able to find the ones that are most profitable to meet the demands of your customers.

Use cost-effective housing and coops

When constructing housing for your poultry, make sure to use cost-effective materials. You can save money by using materials like recycled tires, PVC pipes, and wooden pallets. These materials are not only affordable, but also durable and easy to clean. In addition, make sure to use coops that are well-ventilated and allow the birds to move around freely. This will help keep them healthy and minimize losses through diseases caused by overcrowding.

employ sales representatives

You can also increase your profits by appointing sales representatives. These are people who will promote your products to other businesses and individuals. They will be responsible for building relationships with potential buyers and closing deals. Sales representatives can be very helpful in increasing your poultry sales, so make sure you hire the right people for the job. Here are 10 tips for hiring and training successful sales representatives: - Look for people who are devoted about your product. - Hire people with experience in sales and marketing related to poultry. - Train your sales representatives well. Teach them about your product and how to sell it effectively. - Give your sales representatives plenty of support. Help them clinch deals and close sales. - Pay your sales representatives well. - Provide them with good incentives, such as commissions, bonuses, and trips. - Encourage them to stay up-to-date with the latest industry trends. - Keep them informed about changes in your organization policies and procedures. - Reward them for their achievements. - Motivate them through incentives If you want to make a profitable poultry farming business, you need to have a strong sales force.

Hatch your own chicks

If you want to make profitable poultry farming business you need to start with a good stock of chicks. Hatching your own chicks will not only save cash but it will also help in giving you quality chickens. If you hatch your own chicks, you'll need to provide them with a warm, comfortable place to live until they're big enough to be moved outside. Make sure you have a good supply of food and water, and keep an eye on them so they don't get sick.

Diversify your income generating streams

When it comes to making profitable poultry farming business, it is important to diversify your income generating streams. This will help ensure that you have a steady flow of income, even when one or more of your streams is not performing as well as you would like. For example don't rely solely on one business of selling eggs, it's always prudent to run chick selling business running concurrently.

Cut out unnecessary expenses

One most important way to make a profitable poultry farming business is to cut out unnecessary expenses. For example, if you're not using your equipment or vehicles, you should consider selling them or renting them out. You can also reduce your feed costs by feeding your birds green vegetables from your garden.

Have your own sales outlet

If you want to make profitable poultry farming business, you need to set up your own sales outlet. This could be through a farmers' market, a grocery store, or an online marketplace. By selling your poultry directly to the consumer, you can cut out the middleman/brokers and keep more of the profits to yourself.

Have a long-term vision for your poultry farm operation

It's important to have a long-term vision for your poultry farm operation if you want to be successful. That means setting goals and planning for the future, even when things are going well. If you're not prepared to stick with it for the long haul, then poultry farming probably isn't the right business for you. But if you're willing to put in the hard work and effort, then you can make a lot of money in this industry.

Look for experienced workers

When looking for workers, try to find people with experience in the poultry industry. They will be familiar with the process and will know how to maximize profits. They will also be more likely to stick with the business in difficult times. If you can't find experienced workers, be sure to train them yourself.

Provide Proper and Healthy environment for The chickens

You must provide a comfortable and healthy living environment for your poultry in order to maximize their growth and minimize their stress levels. Housing should be designed to protect the birds from predators and the elements, and should be large enough to allow them to move about freely. The floor should be covered with a bedding material that is absorbent and sanitary. The birds should also be provided with fresh air. If possible, the housing should be situated in an area that is free from noise and pollution. Read the full article

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7 natural ways to prevent blight in tomatoes

Tomatoes are one of the most popular crops grown in the world and also tend to be quite sensitive to various diseases. Blight is perhaps the most common and destructive disease that affects tomatoes. Whether you have planted your tomato plants directly in the ground or as a container plant, it is important to take measures against blight before it has a chance to take hold. In this article, we’ll explore some ways that you can prevent blight in tomatoes this season as well as how to treat them if they become infected later on. If left untreated, blight can spread quickly throughout your tomato plants and cause irreparable damage. Luckily, there are several natural ways that you can prevent blight from taking over your tomato plants this year. What Is Blight? Blight is a fungal disease that causes leaves to become wilted and discolored followed by the plant’s death. This fungal infection thrives in wet soil conditions and can quickly spread from plant to plant, making it important to take preventive measures in your farm to prevent an outbreak. Blight can affect a wide variety of plants including tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, and eggplants. The disease can be found growing in both moist soil and containers. Unfortunately, once the blight has taken hold, there is very little that can be done to save your plants. Blight can be identified by the presence of black or brownish spots on the leaves and stems, and leaves that are wilted. If you see signs of blight on your plants, quickly identify and treat the source of the problem. How To Recognize And Treat Blight If you see wilted and discolored leaves accompanied by black or brownish spots, it is likely that your tomatoes have blight. If you spot this on your plants, the best thing to do is remove the affected leaves as soon as possible to prevent the disease from spreading. If you don’t spot the signs of blight until later on in the growing season, you’ll need to treat your plants with a fungicide to help control the infection. Blight can be very difficult to control once it has taken hold, so it is important to take measures to prevent it from happening in the first place. Here are a few ways to prevent blight in your tomatoes: Purchase resistant tomato varieties Certain tomato varieties are more resistant to blight than others, so it is important to select a breed that resists blight if possible. Avoid over-fertilization Excess nutrients in the soil can cause bacteria and fungi to grow more quickly which can make your tomatoes more susceptible to this disease. Avoid overwatering Watering your plants too frequently can lead to soil that is too moist, making it easier for blight to take hold. Avoid watering your plants in the evening when they are least likely to need it. Choose the right location If your tomatoes are planted in an area where they are exposed to high levels of sun and moisture, they are more likely to be affected by blight. By growing your tomatoes in a less-exposed area, you can make it more difficult for blight to take hold. Rotate Your Crops In addition to selecting disease-resistant varieties of tomatoes, you may also want to consider rotating the types of crops that you plant in your farm each planting season. Blight is a soil-borne disease, which means that it lives in the soil and is transmitted from one plant to the next. By switching up the types of crops you plant from year to year, you can help to prevent the soil from becoming infected with blight. If your garden is plagued with blight, you should consider rotating your crops again the following season to prevent the disease from attacking your plants again. Add Microbes To The Soil If you are growing your tomatoes in the ground, you may want to consider adding a microbial fertilizer to the soil. Alternatively, you can also add the microbes to your compost before adding it to your garden. Microbes are tiny organisms that naturally occur in the soil. They can help to control pests and diseases by attacking them from the inside out. By adding microbes to your soil, you can help to prevent blight and other common garden diseases. Use Natural Pesticides If you have already discovered that your tomato plants have blight, there are a few natural pesticides you can try to help control the infection. Charcoal is a natural pesticide that can help to control the spread of blight by absorbing the toxins in the soil and preventing them from being absorbed by other plants. Neem oil is another natural pesticide that can be used to control blight. This product is made from the neem tree and can help to prevent insects and diseases from attacking your plants. Conclusion If you want to keep your tomatoes healthy and free from blight, it is important to take measures to prevent the disease from taking hold. Start by selecting disease-resistant tomato varieties, avoid over-fertilization, avoid overwatering, and choose the right location for growing your tomatoes. What's more, by rotating your crops and adding microbes to the soil, you can help to prevent blight from taking hold in the first place. When you discover that your tomatoes already are affected by blight, there are a few natural pesticides you can try to help control the infection. Hopefully, these tips will help to keep your tomatoes healthy and delicious for many years to come. Read the full article

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Beetroot farming

Today, we're focusing on the best beetroot farming techniques and practices. From choosing the best varieties, and controlling pests and diseases to harvesting. Beetroot is a type of vegetable mainly grown due to its edible root. The plant produces red oval roots and leaves that usually grow up to 40 centimeters in length. Beetroot farming is easily manageable and effortless. The main counties producing beetroot in huge tonnes are Kiambu, Nakuru, and Tharaka Nithi.

Beetroot's main health benefits

Excellent source of dietary fiber that helps in digestion Beetroot helps to prevent cancer due to the presence of anti-cancer properties like phytonutrients Rich in vitamin B that reduces birth defection risks. Excellent source of vitamin C which helps the pancreas, kidneys, bones, and liver in the body.

Best beetroot varieties

- Burpee’s Golden - this is a good flavoured variety that produces round and yellow roots and its leaves can be consumed like spinach - Cylindra - this is a dark crimson cylindrical variety that is highly resistant to bolt. - Chioggia Pink - these are red and round root varieties. They are usually surrounded by beautiful red and white rings inside and are so sweet and tender. - Detroit 6 Rubidus - has round and firm roots and also it's highly resistant to bolt disease. - Bolt hardy - this variety possesses bolt resistance characteristics and also produces smooth round roots.

Best climatic requirements for Beetroot farming

Beetroot requires cool weather conditions and can be grown throughout the year as long as there is plenty of water for irrigation. Nonetheless, it can tolerate medium heat and extreme cold temperatures. The optimum temperature required must be between 15 - 25 °c. Extreme temperatures results in lower production. Well-drained fertile soils with a ph of 6 - 7 is also required.

Preparation of land

Before planting ensure the land is clean and free from weeds and plough the land and also keep the soil fine-tuned for good aeration. It is important to apply drenching pesticides to kill and destroy their eggs which might be lying in the field.

Beetroot propagation

Propagation is mainly practiced using seeds. Beet seeds can be sowed 2cm deep, 7cm apart from each plant, and about 40cm between rows. After sowing, you can expect the seeds to start germinating between 12 - 14 days. It takes about two months to reach maturity.

Thinning

After two weeks after germination, seedlings need to be thinned to attain about 4 to 5 inches of spacing. This is done to minimize overcrowding. Usually, the weaker seedlings are removed to allow the stronger ones to grow without disturbance. Important to note that, when the plants are too close to each other they occasionally produce poor-quality roots that are small in size.

Irrigation

After planting the seeds irrigation should follow immediately. During the dry season, plenty of water needs to be availed for the crops. For a faster germination process, a lot of water is required. When there is a lack of enough water it usually results to woody low quality roots.

Weeding and mulching

To avoid nutrient competition, weeds should be always removed when they start to appear. Mulching should also be practiced for good maintained soil structure and moisture. Regular crop rotation The best way to fight crop pests and diseases is through crop rotation practice. This is done through planting non-family or non-related crops after harvesting previous crops.

Fertilizing

Beetroot requires three main nutrients to be supplied through the soil and that is; nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. In a hectare of land, you'll need to apply about 70kg of nitrogen, 120kg of phosphorus, and 100kg of potassium to your farm. In addition, compost manure may also be added so as to aid good aeration. For soils that are boron deficient consider boric acid application. This is because boron deficiency causes beetroot to be weak.

How to water your plants

Watering starts immediately after sowing all beetroot seeds in the soil. Once the roots are established, they start acquiring moisture from the soil. You should always be careful to avoid over-watering since this practice leads to bolting(production of many leaves with no roots). Whereas under-watering produces woody roots. Watering should always be done 5 times a week in the dry season and 2 times per week during the cold season.

Pests and diseases

Beetroot is a unique crop that doesn't have so many enemies, the only common disease is leafspot. The signs are black spots on the leaves. Leafspot is prevalent in hot weather conditions. The best method to control is through crop rotation.

Harvesting

Beetroot harvesting is usually done in about 9 weeks after planting. During this time the bulbs are 2.5 to 3 cm in diameter and when they are soft and tender. Bigger beetroots than this size are occasionally rescinded by the market.

Yield potential

When best agricultural practices are observed beetroot can produce between 250 - 300 tonnes per hectare. You must also be alive of the fact that seed variety, soils, and other elements of production are dependent to achieve high yields.

Important tips to note in beetroot farming

- Seeds must be sowed slightly before frost season - Beet plants require soils rich in organic matter - Soak seeds in 24hrs to break seed dormancy - Bone meal addition to the soil helps in the production of nitrogen and phosphorus - When the leaves start turning Yellow it shows there is a nutrient deficiency. - Beetroot harvesting is done 70 days after planting.

Market

Beetroot farming is a profitable business venture when compared to other vegetables. In Kenya for instance a kilo of beetroot costs around kes80 - kes120 in major supermarkets and other multiple markets in the country. Read the full article

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8 best and high yielding cabbage varieties

There are huge number of cabbage varieties in the market which makes it difficult for any farmer to choose the best and high yielding one. In this article we have identified 8 varieties which have shown to produce good results as mentioned above. However before you plan on purchasing cabbage variety to plant ,there are various factors you should consider; Time it takes to mature Yield quantity - interms of kilograms Tolerance to pests and diseases Uniform and firmness in maturity. Below are the best variety you should consider planting in your farm for excellent results.

1. QUEEN F1

Queen f1 is a hybrid cabbage variety which is highly ranked interms of production. It's price ranges from kes1800 to kes2000 per 10g. Characteristics - Round and attractive in shape - Produces 4-5 kilograms head in maturity - Hard and firm variety - Takes only 85 days to mature - Highly tolerant to black rot

2. GLORIA F1

It's a hybrid variety which does so well in highlands areas. Gloria f1 price ranges from Kes750 to Kes800 currently - the price is due to change. Characteristics - It's head size can weigh up to 6kg - It's round and attractive in shape - Has a long shelf life compared to other varieties - Highly tolerant to black rot - Matures in 85 days - Good field holding capacity

3. PRUKTOR F1

PRUKTOR is a hybrid and high yielding variety which price goes from Kes800 to Kes 900 per 10g. Characteristics - Head size weighs up to 4 to 5 kg - Just like other hybrid variety it's also rounded in shape - Firm and compact - Highly tolerant to black rot and ring spot - Takes 3 months to mature after transplanting

4. SERENA F1

Serena f1 is a pocket friendly variety for a farmer who doesn't want to use much capital on seeds. It will cost you around Kes300 for a 10 g satchet. Characteristics - Exhibits excellent pest and cabbage diseases tolerance - Produces attractive and rounded heads - It's heads weigh around 4-5kg - Serena only takes about 3 months to mature - Longer shelf life

5. RIANA F1

Riana f1 is a quality cabbage and highly marketable variety due it's huge heads and firmness. Characteristics - Weighs 5 - 6 kg when fully grown - Excellent tolerance to many cabbage diseases and pests - Matures very fast , within three months you can start transporting to the market

6. Victoria f1

This cabbage is fast growing variety which takes just 70 days to mature. It's ideal for growers and marketers due to it's attractive appearance. Characteristics - High yielding - can produce 50 tonnes in an acre - Firm and big head - Easy to sell due to it's attractive nature - Pest and diseases resistant - Matures in uniform and has a longer shelf life

7. Polo f1

This is the newest cabbage variety which is improved to mature very and informally. It's disease resistant and high yielding at the same time, which makes it best among other seed varieties. Characteristics - Possess attractive light green big heads which weighs up to 6kg - High yielding variety - Easily adjusts to any climatic conditions - Uniform and firm

8. Sunny F1

It's a fast growing variety which merely takes 70 days to mature. Sunny f1 is perfect for marketers since it's easier to sell in the market. Characteristics - Huge head in maturity - Weighs 5kg - Highly tolerant to diseases - Suitable to adverse weather conditions Quantity of seeds required in an acre Basically in an acre of land a farmer only needs 120g of cabbage seeds. It's advisable to plant your seeds in seed trays for about four weeks before transplanting. NOTE: Before transplanting seedlings need to be hardened so as to cope with the current environmental conditions. Read the full article

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11 Costly Tomato Pruning Mistakes Most Farmers Continue to Make

When it comes to tomatoes, there are a few things you need to know about pruning in order to get the best yields. Unfortunately, many new farmers continue to make the same mistakes when pruning their tomatoes. Below are the 11 most common tomato pruning mistakes, along with advice on how to avoid them.

1. Not pruning indeterminate tomatoes

When growing indeterminate tomatoes, it is important to prune them correctly in order to maximize yields. Many new farmers make the mistake of not pruning their tomatoes at all. This can result in plants that are overloaded with fruit, leading to smaller and less-ripened tomatoes. It is also important to prune indeterminate tomatoes regularly, as this will help keep the plant healthy and productive. Failing to prune can lead to problems such as disease, pests, and poor yields.

2. Pruning Too Early or Too Late in the Season

Tomatoes should be pruned early in the season, before they start to flower. Pruning at this stage will help promote growth and stimulate the formation of more flowers. Pruning too late in the season can lead to the formation of fruit that is too small and shriveled. It can also reduce the yield of your tomatoes and make them more susceptible to infections.

3. Cutting Stems at an Angle

When pruning your tomatoes, don't cut the stems at an angle. Cutting the stems at an angle will cause them to rot and the plant will die. Instead, cut the stem vertically, just below the node. This will allow the plant to continue growing healthy stems.

4. Failing to Sanitize Pruning Tools

Before you start pruning your tomatoes, make sure you sanitize your pruning tools. Otherwise, you'll just be spreading disease from one plant to another. Use a solution of bleach and water (10g bleach to 9 liters of water) to sanitize your tools. Soak them for 5 minutes, then rinse them off with clean water.

5. Removing Too Many Leaves

You're probably removing too many leaves. Leaves are essential for the photosynthesis process, which is how the tomato plant converts light into energy. If you remove too many leaves, the plant will not be able to produce enough energy to thrive. Instead of removing leaves, try training them. The leaves should be trained to grow in the direction you want them to go. This will help you keep the plant tidy and organized, and it will also help the plant produce more tomatoes.

6. Cutting the Wrong Stems is one the most common tomato pruning mistakes

Don't make the same mistake that so many new farmers make when pruning their tomatoes. Cutting the wrong stems can seriously stunt your plants' growth and affect their yield.

7. Not Thinning Fruit Clusters

You may be wondering why your tomatoes are not producing as many fruits as you expected. The answer may be that you are not thinning the fruit clusters. When you allow too many tomatoes to grow on a single stem, the tomatoes will compete for nutrients and space. This will result in smaller tomatoes and fewer total fruits. Thin out the fruit clusters by removing some of the smaller tomatoes. This will allow the larger tomatoes to grow and produce more fruit.

8. Not Removing Suckers

You may be wondering why your tomatoes aren't producing as much fruit as they should. The answer may be that you are not removing the suckers. Suckers are the small shoots that grow between the main stem and a branch. They consume energy from the plant, and so should be removed regularly. If you don't remove them, they will continue to grow and take energy away from the main stem, resulting in smaller tomatoes.

9. Not Removing Diseased or Damaged Leaves and Stems

Not removing diseased or damaged leaves and stems can cause the infection or damage to spread to other parts of the plant. If you're not sure whether or not a leaf or stem is damaged or diseased, take a closer look or consult an expert.

10. Letting Vines Grow Too Tall

You may be making one of this mistake too. When tomato plants are allowed to grow too tall, they become difficult to manage and are more susceptible to disease. To prevent this, keep the vines trimmed to a manageable size.

11. Not pruning tomato plants at all

One of the most common tomato pruning mistakes is failure to even attempt removing unnecessary suckers. Many new farmers decry how tedious it is to prune their tomato plants.

Why is it so important to prune tomatoes

- Pruning helps the plants to reach maturity much faster - Provides excellent air circulation while maximizing space - Promotes good healthy plants through reducing diseases occurrence - Removing unnecessary leaves and suckers helps to prevent overcrowding, thereby easing sunlight penetration - Pruned plants produces bigger and high quality fruits compared to unpruned crops Tomatoes are popular vegetable crops due to their flavour, consumption rate and productivity. If you want to be a successful tomato grower, learning the best methods of tomato pruning must be in your book. However, most new farmers fear tomato pruning mistakes they might experience while performing this task. Read the full article

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Tomatoes farming kenya: 8 key steps to follow for success [UPDATED]

Farming tomatoes is one of the most profitable activities in kenya. This is because of the high demand of the same fruit. It's no surprise to find that almost every household in Kenya, a meal is incomplete without the taste of at least one tomato. The market for this horticultural produce is humongous and ever ready, which has lured so many people to invest in such a profitable venture. There has been huge number of farmers who have made a kill in tomato farming and at the same time however, there have been farmers who have lost millions in this activity. In this article am going to show you what you must do , to be successful in tomato farming.

1.  Land preparation

Before transplanting any tomato seedling you must ensure the farm well tilled and is free from any weed. Weeds are the best breeding space for huge number of pests and diseases. The second step is to make sure the soil is fine tuned and mixed with compost farm manure for rich nutrients addition. Note that , you should not plant your tomatoes in a farm where potatoes or pepper was grown. A farmer should wait 3 to 4 months before growing tomatoes. This method is done to avoid risks of transfering diseases from those plants to tomatoes.

2.   preparation of nursery bed

There are two ways you can use to raise your seedlings in the nursery bed; Raised seed bed Raised seed bed is the most common practice that has been used to raise seedlings for many years. Using seedling trays This is the modern and the most efficient way for raising your tomato seedlings. Benefits of seed trays - Seedling grow faster and strong - Thinning is not necessary since overcrowding is well managed - While transplanting, seedlings do not suffer from transplanting shock since their roots are completely intact with the soil. - Seeds raised in this method do not suffer from soil borne diseases - Less work is involved. As you can see the best method to raise your seedlings is well put out if you wish to be a successful tomato grower.

3.  Pruning and staking

Pruning should be done after about 2 weeks after transplanting. This helps the plant to acquire direct sunlight and also to provide good optimum air circulation.

4.  Pest control

I recommended natural and proven ways to control pests infestation from your farm instead of using costly chemicals which end up drying pockets of many farmers. However if need be, applying pesticides early enough is better than to wait when pests are already in the farm.

5.  Disease control

For the best practice to control most tomato diseases, it's advisable to water your plants in the early morning rather than in the evening so as to control soil borne diseases. Regular watering and application of rich calcium fertiliser is also recommended to control blossom end rot. To control tomato blight which is a major head ache to most farmers, you should enquire the right fungicide to use from agrovet who is near your locality.

6.  application of fertiliser

After transplanting phosphate fertiliser is added at the base of the plant for excellent root development . After 2 to 3 weeks Urea or CAN is applied for leaves development. At flowering stage NPK can be applied for huge uniform fruits production.

7.  Availability of water for irrigation

Availability of water is essential for good plant development. Without good source of water your tomato project is dead on arrival.

8. Choosing the right tomato variety

Finally, the key to success is choosing the best tomato varieties. You can read here the best tomato varieties which must be disease resistant and  high yields production Read the full article

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Comprehensive guide on mango farming: planting to harvesting good quality fruits

As the demand for mango fruit increases, more and more people are looking into mango farming as a viable source of income. In this post, we'll discuss everything you need to know about mango farming in Kenya: from the basics of planting and cultivation to harvesting and post-harvest care. By the end, you'll have a clear idea of what it takes to start up a mango farm and whether or not it's the right venture for you. Mango trees are tropical fruit that performs best in warm, humid climates. They require well-drained soil and adequate sunlight. When planting mango plants, it's important to space them correctly. The ideal spacing is 16-20 feet between trees. This will allow for plenty of room for the branches to grow and spread.  

Ecological requirements

The ecological requirements for mango farming are not stringent, making it an ideal crop for Kenyan farmers. The tree thrives in well-drained, sandy loam soils with a pH ranging from 5.5 to 6.8. Mango trees need at least 1000 mm of annual rainfall, but they will perform better with between 850mm and 1100 mm of rain fall per year. They should be planted in an area that has a warm climate; the optimum temperature range is 20 to 32 degrees Celsius. Best regions for mango farming in kenya The best areas to start mango farming are lowland and midland regions like coastal , some parts of central and Eastern regions.

Pruning

In order for your mango trees to bear fruit, they need to be properly pruned. The goal of pruning is to remove any dead or diseased branches, while also shaping the tree so that it grows in a healthy and productive way. When pruning a mango tree, start by removing any branches that are growing in the wrong direction, or are crossing over other branches. You should also remove any dead or diseased branches, as well as any suckers (branches that grow from the base of the tree rather than from a lateral branch). Finally, thin out the canopy of the tree by removing some of the larger branches. This will allow more light and air to circulate through the tree, which will help to promote healthy growth.

Common varieties

There are different types of mango varieties in kenya which are divided into two. Local varieties - Dodo,Boribo, and Batawi Exotic varieties - Apple, Tommy and Kent, among many others

Grafting

Mango grafting is a process of joining two varieties of mango trees together. The process is done by cutting the top off one tree and inserting it into the trunk of another tree.

The first step in mango grafting is to cut off the top of one tree and then insert it into the bottom of another tree. This can be done by using a sharp knife or saw to cut off the top, then using a clean cloth to wrap around the cut end before inserting it into the other tree. The second step is to tie both trees together with string or wire so that they stay connected. Finally, you need to cover up any exposed areas with soil or mulch so that they don't dry out and die. The main reason for grafting mango trees is to produce a more desirable variety of fruit. Grafting can also be used to fix problems with the original tree, such as disease or poor growth.

Mango pests

There are a few pests that can cause damage to mango crops. Mango Gall fly The Mango Gall fly lays eggs on the leaves of the mango tree; when the eggs hatch, the larvae eat the leaves, causing them to curl up and die. Mango Seed Weevil The Mango Seed Weevil is a small brown beetle that bores into the mango seed, causing it to rot. Mango scales Mango scales are small black insects that attach themselves to the leaves and fruit of the mango tree and suck sap from the plant; this can cause the leaves to yellow and fall off, and can also damage the fruit. Mealybugs Mealybugs are small, soft-bodied insects covered in a white waxy substance; they feed on plant sap, damaging the leaves and fruit of the mango tree. Thrips Thrips are tiny, slender insects that suck sap from the leaves of the mango tree, causing them to turn yellow and fall off.

Mango diseases

Before we discuss the various diseases that can affect mango orchards, it's important to understand the different types of mangoes that are grown in Kenya. There are two main types of mangoes: the Tommy Atkins and the Kent. Tommy Atkins mangoes are the most popular type grown in Kenya. They are a large fruit with a green skin and a sweet, juicy flesh. They are susceptible to powdery mildew, anthracnose and die back. Kent mangoes are a smaller fruit with a reddish-orange skin and a tart, acidic flesh. They are resistant to powdery mildew and anthracnose, but susceptible to die back. Now let's take a look at some of the most common diseases that can affect them. Powdery mildew Powdery mildew is a fungal infection that causes a white powdery film to develop on the leaves and fruit of the plant. It can be controlled with fungicides, but if left untreated, it can cause significant damage to the crop. Anthracnose Anthracnose is a fungal disease that causes lesions on the leaves, stems and fruit of the plant. It can be controlled with fungicides, but if left untreated, it can cause significant damage to the crop. Die back Die back is a bacterial disease that causes the leaves, branches and fruit of the plant to die. It can be controlled with antibiotics, but if left untreated, it can be fatal to the plant.

Flowering and fruiting

Once the mango tree matures, it will start produce flowers that will turn into fruit. The flowers will stay on the tree for about two weeks until pollination occurs.

Harvesting

Once the mangoes are ripe, they will be a deep yellow or orange color and will be soft to the touch. You can either pluck them from the tree by hand or use a harvesting tool to cut them off. Once you've harvested the mangoes, you'll need to store them in a cool, dry place and begin the process of preparing them for sale. Read the full article

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12 benefits of aloe vera on chickens

Over the years researchers' attention has been drawn to natural resources like medicinal herbs, that has now become the new additives to both animal and poultry feeds. These natural substances are important to poultry keepers due to their presence of antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, and anticoccidial properties which are so beneficial to chicken health and productivity. There are a variety of different kinds of medicinal plants which can be used as feed additives, disease prevention, and treatment for chickens.

Commonly used natural medicines for chickens

Below are the most commonly used medicinal herbs that have exhibited positive results to poultry health as well as production: Aloe vera Fenugreek Ashwagandha Moringa oleifera Cinnamon Tulsi Garlic Pepper Natural herbs preparation helps in digestion and also being a product of nature, they are safe, cost-effective, and environmental friendly with no side effects whether used in small or large quantities. Therefore their inclusion in the Chickens' diet is essential as they are fundamental in excellent feed conversion, enhancing good performance, maintenance of good health and also alleviating stress caused by adverse environmental conditions.

Aloe Vera

Aloe Vera is well known as the perfect natural medicinal herb. It has been used in most cases for therapeutic purposes. Research has shown aloe vera gel comprises of combinations like antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. Aloe vera not only helps in quick healing, but it is also a proven growth enhancer for chickens. Aloe Vera comprises over 75 nutrients and minerals which are important to poultry birds.

Benefits of aloe vera to chickens

This is an important plant that any poultry farmer must have in the garden since it has numerous usefulness in the birds health as well as productivity. Protects and maintains good intestinal health that sometimes can be attacked by both fowl pox, fowl typhoid, and other infectious diseases. When routinely used it is effectively useful in boosting birds immunity against deadly diseases like Gumboro. When aloe leaves are crushed they produce a green-yellow juice that is responsible in prevention of coccidiosis in poultry. The juice also relieves and treats sores caused by fowl pox disease when applied carefully on the affected parts. When applied in the eyes (discharge) affected by infectious coryza, aloe vera treat and cures the problem in a matter of days. It contains antibacterial properties which helps in the growth inhibition of disease-causing bacterias. Aloe can also help in faster growth rate in broiler chickens due to its presence of growth enhancers and minerals. It's essential in feed conversion thereby improving birds performance. Increases egg production among the laying hens Treats and cures swollen legs that sometimes is caused by bumblefoot infections. Aloe Vera also helps in alleviating stress from birds which is caused by adverse weather conditions. Table of Contents Commonly used natural medicines for chickens Aloe Vera Benefits of aloe vera to chickens Read the full article

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Easy methods for making compost manure: step-by-step guide

Compost manure is decayed plant materials mixed with animal waste products. Compost supplements the soil with both micro and macro nutrients. The main reason for composting plant materials, organic matter and animal waste products is to help in minimizing the cost of production.

Benefits of compost manure

- Maintenance of soil structure due to addition of humus - Easy supply of natural nutrients in the soil - Improvement of excellent air, water and nutrients circulation - It also enhances good water retention capacity in sandy soils - Prevention of soil deterioration

What is the process involved in composting

Composting involves the process of compiling natural waste products in layers for faster decomposition. Microorganisms decompose organic matter into a rich soil nutrients product biochemically. Composting helps in production of natural fertilizer that is well balanced for easier nutrients accumulation by plants. Compost manure is very effective for infertile soils. It is also useful in areas with short rainfall where most of the times, artificial fertilizers are ineffective due to lack of moisture.

Advantages of compost manure

- Waste products in your home are put in to good use - It's not complicated to make for any farmer/gardener - Compost manure is effective in the soil just like artificial fertilizer - Saves capital, since no capital will be spent on purchase - Ordinary farm manure provokes excessive growth of weeds which is not the case with compost - Healthy food production

Best and easy methods for composting

There are two main simple methods for making compost manure: Heap method - heap method is the process of decomposing natural waste products on the ground surface. Mostly practised in regions with high rainfall. Pit method - This method is done by digging a small rectangular hole that is 2 to 3 feet deep. It's mainly suitable in areas with low rainfall.

Heap/pile method

Heap method of making compost - Select a location covered from winds, sun , run off and rainy showers. The heap must not be too wet or overly dry. Optimum moisture must be maintained. - Make a rectangular measurement of four feet by five feet. However, the length depends on the raw materials in possession. Be careful not to make it too wide than 4 feet as you would encounter problems while working on it. - Put soil on the exterior after digging a small pit of about 15 centimeters deep - The next step is adding rough materials like shredded maize stalk or hedge cuttings while sprinkling some water. - The second layer is putting dried vegetation and grass. And just like the first layer sprinkle a little water. This is because the compost needs to be moist at all times, therefore make sure not to forget this important detail. - On the third layer manure from cows is added. This is important because animal manure contains essential microorganisms for faster decomposition. Failure to add, it will take forever to decompose. - Above this layer, sprinkle a little wood ash at the top. Wood ash helps in supplying of potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus nutrients. It also helps in counterbalancing acidity levels produced by animal wastes. - The fourth layer involves addition of green leaves especially those from leguminous plants. - Add top soil on this layer. Top soil encompasses useful bacteria for swift decomposition process. - Repeat the process of adding above layers in order until 5 feet tall. Remember to continuously sprinkle water after every layer. - Completion of this activity is done by covering the heap with top soil and dry vegetation like banana leaves. Banana leaves helps in keeping the heap at optimum moisture while top soil helps in preventing nutrients from breaking out. - Now the remaining step is putting a sharp pointed stick through the compost heap which will act as a thermometer. You will be able to discern whether the heap is too hot or cold. - After every 3 days sprinkle water on top of the heap but if there is rainfall no need to do it. - Wait until third week and turn around the heap.Turning should be done after pulling out the thermometer stick and you find white substance as this shows decomposition has ended. Mixing up the layers helps to decompose any materials left. - In about about one month decomposition will have completed. However, you must make sure thermometer stick is not warm before starting to feed your plants. - After confirmation that decomposition has completed, store the natural fertilizer by covering with a polythene bag. It should be applied at a rate of 8 tonnes per acre.

Pit method for decomposition

Pit method of making compost This method is mostly practised in areas with low rainfall or dry zones. This is because the pit method helps in the conservation of moisture which is very useful in decomposition. - Dig a rectangular pit that is 4 to 5 feet wide and 2 to 3 feet deep. It depends on the materials you have - The process of adding layers is the same as the first method. - Repeat the process of adding layers until 30 centimeters above ground level. After some time, you will notice that the heap will start shrinking. This is because of the decomposition process. - The next step is turning over the heap while adding water which is done at three intervals; After 15 days, 30 days, and 2 months. Turning over helps in good circulation of water and air. - Make sure at the third turning to remove partially decomposed organic matter outside and back in the pit. This is essential as it helps bacteria take nitrogen from the air. Table of Contents Benefits of compost manure What is the process involved in composting Advantages of compost manure Best and easy methods for composting Heap/pile method Pit method for decomposition Read the full article