In surah Qiyama, Allah swears by Nafs -i-Lawamma, the self reproching self. It pushed me into a deep research to understand the differents Nafs. Especially the Nafs-Mumainnah, the highest level of the nafs, which is mentionned in the end of Surah Fajr so beautifully.
The differences depend on the level of taqwa a person has, as well as where they are with controlling their physical needs and desires.
The nafs by nature, based on the origins of the word, is something that is meant to rise, to move, to erupt. It has desires, temptations, appetites that are constantly ready to erupt which pushes insaan to fufill them in order to gain satisfied. in his expalnation, Hamza yousuf also highlighted how the root of the word nafs reveals it's Dual nature: it is constantly moving between good and evil.
When one urge is satisfied, another arises, the cycle repeats itself over and over again. (2) A person who lives by the whims of his instincts, desires and emotions is the lowest form of Nafs, the Nafs-i-ammara. he is slave of his emotions and passions; and completely complusive. At this stage, their is no morality derived from religion, and so no guidance or motive to not act on any of the impulses and desires we feel. we see it a lot in the world we live in today, when people say life is just about experiences, and pleasure. there is no reason to act otherwise because life ends as we die. this nafs is also referred to as " the self which prompts evil" (1). the result of having this kind of nafs is alienation - completely disconnection from God, and like it is so well described in the Qur'an, the punishment of those who forget allah, is that Allah will forget them in the eternal life as they perish in the hellfire. their pain will come more from the alienation of allah then the pain of Jahannam. (3)
When a person is introduced to islam, is inspired by it and begins to experience an awakening of his consciousness. We see him change. He questions which of his desires he should fall into, if doing wrong, questioning himself. he believes and accepts a moral code because there is a concept of accountability: the day of judgement; as well a motive to act rightly: the pleasure of God and Paradise.
this Nafs is one who is constantly struggling against self-indulgence but is struggling to do the right thing; He is in the process of developping conscioussness. A lot of us are in this category, unable to resist to temptation, falling into it and then filled with guilt because we are aware we wronged. Thi is the Nafs-i-ammana. Taking a look at my own spiritual journey, i realised that marriage allowed be to
When you further grow in your spirituality, see the wisdom in religious scriptures's guidance, the fight against your wrongful temptations becomes much less challenging. Doing the right becomes easy and effortless. in fact, you see the good in it for, and so you thrive to do what please Allah. the constant desires, ready to erupt are calmed and settled: Allah gave tamma<neena to it. this is the root of Nafs-i-mutmaena. when you achieve this state, You become a soul at peace, completely submitted to Allah. cleansed of it’s tensions and conflicts, beloved to it's Lord and destined elite of Paradise.
At this stage, you reach the purest form of human existence. A human, who rose above human instincts, voluntarily. a being greater than divine angels. the soul comes from Allah and when you achieve this state of the nafs your soul is aligned with it’s Source; connected to It, loved by it.
what would he ressemble? Someone who is able to keep calm, who doesn't let their temper take over them, or their greed overtake their life.
1. Tafseer Usmani in Quran majeed App
2. Surah Fajr part 2 tafsee by nouman Ali Khan , Bayinnah Institute : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1c2ly4RdIbI
3. Explannation of the Nafs by Hamza yousuf: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTW0plW6mQE