The setting that prevents your work being used to train AI models is turned off by default! I had no idea about this until now! Artists, go to your settings, click “visibility”, and turn on this setting! Protect your work!
i know this isn't the reguar theme of this blog but i need to share it somewhere because today someone called my local fire department because they found
Slide 1:
Line 1: Horse Color Genetics Part 4: Bay and Seal Brown
Line 2: By SSO.Tailored_Tack on Instagram
Line 3: ** These posts are meant to be an informal guide for those interested in horse colors and patterns. This will be a basic overview of genetic concepts and should not be used as a complete guide to the field of genetic study.
Slide 2
Line 1: Section 1: Bay
Line 2: Bay, like black, is one of the oldest coat colors, predating horse domestication, all the way back to the Paleolithic period (Pruvost et al, 2011). It is proportionally the most common of the base coats. Bay horses are characterized by a red or brown coat in varying shades with black points, black skin, and brown eyes. Foals are usually born a light tan or red that darkens as the horse ages. Black Points on the legs develop over time (Horse Courses Online, 2016).
Slide 3
Line 1: Section 2: Wild Bay
Line 2: In addition to the regular agouti gene, A, which causes regular bay, there are two additional mutations that have occurred. One of these is Wild Bay, dubbed A^+. It is thought to be the original version of bay that existed during the Paleolithic period but became less common during domestication. Wild bays are almost exactly the same as regular bays except the black points on their legs do not reach past the pastern or fetlock. Wild bay foals appear the same as regular bay foals. There is currently no genetic test available to determine if a foal will be regular bay, wild bay, or seal brown (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017).
Slide 4
Line 1: Section 3: Shades of Bay
Line 2: Bays can come in a variety of shades. Some can be so tan, they appear to be buckskin while lacking cream gene. These coats are typically called gold, sandy, or light bay. Others can be so dark, they look like sun faded blacks. These are usually called dark or mahogany bay. They can even be varying shades of extremely saturated red. These are commonly called cherry, copper, or blood bay depending on how light or dark they are (Horse Courses Online, 2016). Bays, like blacks, can be susceptible to sun fading but it typically only affects their mane and tail (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017).
Slide 5
Line 1: Section 4: Seal Brown
Line 2: Seal Brown, sometimes called seal bay, is the second known
mutation of agouti, dubbed A^t, for black and tan (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017). Seal browns are characterized by a black or dark brown coat with light red or tan patches on the “soft spots” of the body along with black points, black skin, and brown eyes. This pattern appears similar to the mealy modifier, but mealy is caused by a different gene that will be discussed later (Neves et al. 2017). Foals are usually born a bit darker than typical bays and they darken further as they age. The light patches develop over time (Horse Courses Online, 2016).
Slide 6
Line 1: Section 5: Shades of Seal Brown
Line 2: Seal browns can also come in many shades but they cannot exhibit the lighter colors or more tan or red coats that bay and wild bays can. They come in varying shades of brown and black. The lightened soft spots can range in shades from yellow to tan or red, but never white, as that is indicative of the mealy modifier. (Horse Courses Online, 2016). Some may refer to the lighter shades of this coat as seal bay or brown and the darker ones as seal but typically seal browns are differentiated by shade as either light or dark seal browns. (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017).
Slide 7
Line 1: Section 8: Bay and Seal Brown Overview
Line 2: (Phenotype) Bay; (Genotype) E-Aa or E-AA or E-AA^t; (Notes) black skin, brown eyes, red-based coat, black points, black on legs reaches above fetlock.
Line 3: (Phenotype) Wild Bay; (Genotype) E-A^+-; (Notes) black skin, brown eyes, red-based coat, black points, black on legs does NOT reach above fetlock.
Line 4: (Phenotype) Seal Brown: (Genotype) E-A^ta or E-A^tA^t; (Notes) black skin, brown eyes, black to brown coat, black points, lightened soft spots.
Line 5: *A dash (-) in an allele pair indicates the allele has no effect on the phenotypic outcome. Question marks (?) indicate unknown genes.
Slide 8
Line 1: References
Line 2: Horse Courses Online. (2016, Januarry 11). Equine Coat Color Genetics: Lesson Two Base Colors. Horse Courses Online. https://www.horsecoursesonline.com/college/ccg/lesson2_063015.htm
Neves, A.P., Schwengber, E.B., Albrecht, F.F., Isola, J.V., & de Salles van der Linden, L., (2017). Beyond Fifty Shades: The Genetics of Horse Colors. In M. Abubakar (Eds.), Trends and Advances in Veterinary Genetics (pp. 75-97). IntechOpen. DOI: 10.5772/65848
Pruvost, M., Bellone, R., Benecke, N., Sandoval-Castellanos, E., Cieslak, M., Kuznetsova, T., Morales-Muñiz, A., O'Connor, T., Reissmann, M., Hofreiter, M., & Ludwig, A. (2011). Genotypes of predomestic horses match phenotypes painted in Paleolithic works of cave art. National Academy of Sciences, 108(46), 18626-18630. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23058525
Sponenberg, D.P., & Bellone, R. (2017). Equine Color Genetics (4th edition). John Wiley & Sons. DOI:10.1002/9781119130628
Slide 1:
Line 1: Horse Color Genetics Part 3: Black and Red
Line 2: By SSO.Tailored_Tack on Instagram
Line 3: ** These posts are meant to be an informal guide for those interested in horse colors and patterns. This will be a basic overview of genetic concepts and should not be used as a complete guide to the field of genetic study.
Slide 2
Line 1: Section 1: Black
Line 2: Black is one of the oldest coat colors. It predates horse domestication, going as far back as the Paleolithic period (Pruvost et al., 2011). Despite this, it is proportionally the rarest of the base coats (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017). Black horses are characterized by a black or black-brown coat with black points, black skin, and brown eyes. Foals are typically born a mousy grey that darkens as the horse ages but on occasion they can be born a jet black (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017).
Slide 3
Line 1: Section 2: Dominant Black
Line 2: There is also the theorized Dominant Black (E^D). Very little study has been done, but this gene is believed to be dominant to agouti, whereas agouti is dominant to regular black. However, Dominant Black is thought to be weaker at producing black pigment than agouti (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017). This means dominant blacks tend to be a brown-black or very dark brown rather than true black. Dominant black foals tend to look similar to bay foals but they darken around the ages of one or two. The allele of dominant black has not been identified yet, but it is thought to be a mutation of extension, thus categorizing it as genetically black (Sponenberg & Weise, 1997).
Slide 4
Line 1: Section 3: Shades of Black
Line 2: Black can come in a variety of shades but with two distinct categories known as fading and non-fading black. Fading blacks, also called sun bleached blacks, are susceptible to having their hair lightened when exposed to long periods in the sun. Sometimes their mane and tail can gain highlights or their fur can be faded so much, they look like dark bays. A non-fading black, sometimes called jet or raven black, will not fade no matter how long they are in the sun. There is currently no genetic test available to determine if a black is fading or non-fading (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017).
Slide 5
Line 1: Section 4: Chestnut
Line 2: Chestnut is the newest of the base coat colors. It appeared during the domestication of horses in the Neolithic (Wutke et al, 2016). Today it’s proportionally the second most common base coat behind bay. Chestnut horses can either be the regular recessive extension gene e or the alternative recessive e^a, but there’s no phenotypic difference between the two. Chestnut horses are characterized by coats in various shades of red with non-black points, black skin, and brown eyes. The mane and tail are typically the same or a darker shade than the body. Chestnut foals are usually born a light tan or red that darkens as they age (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017).
Slide 6
Line 1: Section 5: The Flaxen Gene(s)
Line 2: Horses with red based manes and tails can also be affected by the Flaxen trait. Flaxen causes the mane and tail (and in some cases the legs) to be lightened to a more blonde or white shade as opposed to the usual red. Originally flaxen was thought to be its own separate gene, dubbed F, but this has been refuted in more recent studies. It is now believed to be a polygenic trait, meaning it is caused by a number of different genes. The exact combination of genes is unclear, but what is known is that the flaxen trait only affects chestnut horses unlike the silver gene which will be discussed later (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017).
Slide 7
Line 1: Section 6: Chestnut or Sorrel?
Line 2: Red horses have different nomenclature depending on the region and horse breed. One such issue that comes up often is the argument of Chestnut vs. Sorrel. For many, sorrel is just another name for Chestnut, but others define it as a certain shade or characteristic in red horses. Most draft horse breeders tend to use the term sorrel to denote red horses with the mealy modifier, which will be discussed later. This means no matter how dark the horse is, if it has mealy traits, it’s a sorrel. American Quarter Horse breeders, on the other hand, only use the term sorrel for red horses that are lighter shades with or without the mealy trait and chestnut for the darker shades. A third, less common definition, is those who describe sorrels as only referring to red horses that are light shades with a flaxen mane and tail (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017). Because sorrel is so divisive, we will continue to refer to red horses as chestnut in this guide to encompass all shades of red.
Slide 8
Line 1: Section 7: Shades of Chestnut
Line 2: Chestnuts can come in many shades without the effects of any modifying genes. Some can be so light, they appear to be palomino, yet they lack the cream gene. These coats are typically called honey, golden, or light chestnut. Others can be so dark, they look brown. These are usually called liver or dark chestnut. They can even be so dark, they appear black. These are called black chestnut. Even more confusing is sometimes only the mane and tail are dark so the horse looks bay. The best way to identify a chestnut over other base coats is that their legs are never dark but are instead lighter than the rest of the body (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017).
Slide 9
Line 1: Section 8: Red and Black Overview
Line 2: (Phenotype) Black; (Genotype) E-aa; (Notes) black skin, brown eyes, black to brown-black coat, may or may not fade in sun.
Line 3: (Phenotype) Dominant Black; (Genotype) E^DA- or E^Daa; (Notes) black skin, brown eyes, brown-black to dark brown coat, may be dominant to agouti gene.
Line 4: (Phenotype) Chestnut: (Genotype) ee-- or ee^a-- or e^ae^a--; (Notes) black skin, brown eyes, red-based coat, legs tend to be lighter than body.
Line 5: (Phenotype) Flaxen Chestnut: (Genotype) ee--?? or ee^a--?? or e^ae^a--??; (Notes) black skin, brown eyes, red-based coat with white/blonde mane and tail, legs tend to be lighter than body.
Line 6: *A dash (-) in an allele pair indicates the allele has no effect on the phenotypic outcome. Question marks (?) indicate unknown genes.
Slide 9
Line 1: References
Line 2: Pruvost, M., Bellone, R., Benecke, N., Sandoval-Castellanos, E., Cieslak, M., Kuznetsova, T., Morales-Muñiz, A., O'Connor, T., Reissmann, M., Hofreiter, M., & Ludwig, A. (2011). Genotypes of predomestic horses match phenotypes painted in Paleolithic works of cave art. National Academy of Sciences, 108(46), 18626-18630. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23058525
Sponenberg, D.P., & Bellone, R. (2017). Equine Color Genetics (4th edition). John Wiley & Sons. DOI:10.1002/9781119130628
Sponenberg, D.P., & Weise, M.C. (1997). Dominant black in horses. Genet Sel Evol, 29, 403-408.
https://hal.science/hal-00894177/document
Wutke, S., Benecke, N., Sandoval-Castellanos, E., Döhle, H.J., Friederich, S., Gonzalez, J., Hallsson, J.H., Hofreiter, M., Lõugas, L., Magnell, O., Morales-Muniz, A., Orlando, L., Pálsdóttir, A.H., Reissmann, M., Ruttkay, M., Trinks, A., & Ludwig, A. (2016). Spotted phenotypes in horses lost attractiveness in the Middle Ages. Scientific Reports, 6(38548), 1-9. DOI: 10.1038/srep38548
Okay so bad news for everyone on YouTube right now
Starting the 13th, we will have an AI determine if we are children or not and if you are a child, than you are forced to send your ID, send a selfie or a credit card
This has the obvious cons of having your privacy being revoked from you and and in case there is a security breach, major identity thefts.
So what do we do in this scenario?
Well right now I have real idea as this is relativity new to me, but I do have two plans
Plan 1. Bug the shit out of them, send letters and send emails about how much of bad idea this is.
Include why the AI will mess up and target adults who watch cartoons, include privacy issues, censorship issues, anything you can think of that relates to this. I want you guys to bug the hell out of YouTube until they reverse this idea
Plan 2. Blackout.
Since the thing is coming out on the 13th.
The plan will be to completely avoid YouTube at all cost for that day, no watching, no sharing, no uploading, no nothing.
Download videos before things go down, watch Netflix. Whatever you do, don’t touch YouTube.
That’s all I can say right now, I also want you guys to let YouTubers know of this situation cause if it’s important for everyone on the website to talk about this immediately
Spread this stuff around, let people know of YouTube’s upcoming policy and how it’ll hurt everyone
Horse Genetics Part 2 - The Foundations
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Next>
Transcript:
Slide 1:
Line 1: Horse Color Genetics Part 2: The Foundations
Line 2: By SSO.Tailored_Tack on Instagram
Line 3: ** These posts are meant to be an informal guide for those interested in horse colors and patterns. This will be a basic overview of genetic concepts and should not be used as a complete guide to the field of genetic study.
Slide 2
Line 1: Section 1: Melanocytes
Line 2: The cells that create colors in the skin, hair, eyes, etc. of organisms are called melanocytes. These cells produce melanin which are natural pigments that affect what colors and shades appear on an organism. There are many different types of melanin, but horses only produce two kinds called eumelanin and pheomelanin. Eumelanin creates black and brown pigments, while pheomelanin creates red and yellow ones. All horse colors stem from these two pigments interacting with other genes. (Neves et al., 2017) Many horse coats can be easily identified by the collaboration of these two pigments, by the different ways the color is dispersed.
Slide 3
Line 1: Section 2: Points
Line 2: The most common way to visually identify color genetics, is defined through “points.” The points of a horse are areas that disrupt the uniform color of a horse. This does not include white markings. The points consist of the mane, tail, lower legs, and inner line (rim) of the ears (Neves et al., 2017). Point colors are divided into two categories: those with black points and those with nonblack points. Non-black points are typically a varying shade of the base coat such as red, cream or brown. (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017)
Slide 4
Line 1: Section 3: Base/Dark/Hard Colors
Line 2: Base colors, also called dark, or hard colors, are the foundation of almost all horse coats (Neves et al., 2017). This is because all modifying genes build on top of the base coats like layers of paint. The Three base colors are black, chestnut, and bay, but scholars tend to include brown as an additional fourth as opposed to just a form of bay. (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017)
Slide 5
Line 1: Section 4: Layering Genes
Line 2: Just like layers of paint, multiple modifying genes buildup on top of base coats. This means coat variations can be amazingly simple to extremely complex. Which leaves room for a virtually endless variety of color combos (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017).
Slide 6
Line 1: Section 5: The Extension Gene - E
Line 2: The first two base colors, black and chestnut, are caused by the extension gene, sometimes called the red factor (University of Miami, n.d.) This gene gets it’s name from how it works. as the gene controls the production (or extension) of eumelanin (Animal Genetics Inc., n.d.). The extension locus acts like a switch. When the extension gene is activated, eumelanin is produced creating black pigment. When not activated, pheomelanin is produced (red pigment). The extension has three alleles but we will only cover E and e for now. E is the dominant allele which produces black and e is the recessive allele that produces red. This means that a horse can only be chestnut if both copies of the extension gene are the recessive e (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017).
Slide 7
Line 1: Section 6: The Agouti Gene - A
Line 2: The second two base colors, bay and brown, are caused by the Agouti gene. This gene is named after a South American rodent of similar coloring. It controls how black pigment is dispersed on the body. The agouti locus also acts like a switch but only on black horses. When the gene is present on a black horse, black is pushed to the points of the horse. When not present, the horse remains black. Agouti can be present in chestnut horses but since they have no black pigment, it doesn’t affect color. The agouti gene has four known alleles, two of which involve your typical bay. A is the dominant allele that pushes black pigment to the points of the horse and a is the recessive allele that lets black color the entire body (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017).
Slide 7
Line 1: Section 7: The Agouti Gene - At
Line 2: While brown is also caused by the Agouti gene, there are several other genetic mechanisms that can produce a “brown” coat with little or no discernable points. For the purposes of this guide, however, brown will be used to refer to seal brown. Seal brown is thought to be caused by a different mutation of the agouti gene than bay. The gene still controls the dispersal of black pigment, but the mutation causes an almost entirely black or dark brown body with patches of light hair around the eyes, muzzle, belly, and behind the elbow, also known as “soft spots” (Van Vleck, 1990). The allele thought to involve seal brown is At. At is the dominant allele that, in theory, pushes black pigment to all parts of the body except for the soft spots, with the recessive a working the same as regular bay (Sponenberg & Bellone, 2017).
Slide 8
Line 1: References
Line 2: Animal Genetics Inc. (n.d.). Equine Base Coat Red/Black Factor. Animal Genetics. https://avian2.animalgenetics.com/Equine/Coat_Color/Red_Black_Factor.asp
Neves, A.P., Schwengber, E.B., Albrecht, F.F., Isola, J.V., & de Salles van der Linden, L., (2017). Beyond Fifty Shades: The Genetics of Horse Colors. In M. Abubakar (Eds.), Trends and Advances in Veterinary Genetics (pp. 75-97). IntechOpen. DOI: 10.5772/65848
Sponenberg, D.P., & Bellone, R. (2017). Equine Color Genetics (4th edition). John Wiley & Sons. DOI:10.1002/9781119130628
Van Vleck, L.D. (1990). Color Inheritance, Parentage Testing, Genetic Lethals In J.W. Evans, A. Borton, H.F. Hintz, & L.D. Van Vleck (Eds.), The Horse (2nd edition) (pp. 472-523). W.H. Freeman. https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780716718116/mode/2up
University of Miami. (n.d.). Gene Interactions: Coat Color in Horses. Bio Miami. https://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/dox/horsecolor.html
More old art uploads. These are, again, from my alternate Instagram account I use for creating max stat outfits. I started this series back in 2023, but it fell to the wayside due to some personal issues. I am back to working on it though so hopefully I can finally finish it.
My Instagram followers expressed interest in learning about horse coat genetics so that was the inspiration for these posts.
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Transcript:
Slide 1:
Line 1: Horse Color Genetics Part 1: The Science-y Stuff"
Line 2: By SSO.Tailored_Tack on Instagram
Line 3: ** These posts are meant to be an informal guide for those interested in horse colors and patterns. This will be a basic overview of genetic concepts and should not be used as a complete guide to the field of genetic study.
Slide 2
Line 1: Section 1: Cells to DNA
Line 2: Horses, like all living organisms, are made up of cells. These tiny structures are what allow our bodies to function. All cells carry the same set of genes, but only certain genes are activated to determine a cell’s function in the body (Bernfield et al., n.d). Within the nucleus (central most part) of the cell (Bernfield et al., n.d) are chromosomes. These rod-like structures contain tightly wound DNA which hold the genetic blue-print for an organism (Bernfield et al., n.d). It is within DNA that we find the genes that affect a horse’s coat colors and patterns.
Slide 3
Line 1: Section 2: Idiograms and Genes
Line 2: Chromosomes are typically represented with idiograms, which are visual diagrams of the location of specific genes on a chromosome (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). Genes are segments of DNA that affect certain traits. For example, one gene could affect eye color and another could affect height. The location of a gene in a chromosome never changes and is known as the locus (National Human Genome Research Institute, n.d.f.). Genes can also have different forms known as alleles (National Human Genome Research Institute, n.d.d).
Slide 4
Line 1: Section 3: Inheriting Alleles
Line 2: In complex organisms like humans and horses, chromosomes come in pairs. Half of the chromosomes come from one parent and another half come from the other parent. Each organism has a unique number of chromosomes. Humans have 23 pairs, meaning we have 46 chromosomes (National Human Genome Research Institute, n.d.b). Horses have 32 pairs for a total of 64 (National Center for Biotechnology Information, n.d.). Because chromosomes come in pairs, every locus contains two alleles. This means the offspring will receive one allele from each parent.
Slide 5
Line 1: Section 4: Allele Combos and Genotypes
Line 2: Because every locus contains two alleles, they can combine in a few different ways. When the two alleles are identical they are called homozygous and when the two alleles are different they are heterozygous. (National Human Genome Research Institute, n.d.a). These allele combinations are known as the genotype which is a kind of genetic recipe for a specific trait (National Human Genome Research Institute, n.d.e).
Slide 6
Line 1: Section 5: Phenotypes and Alelle Varieties
Line 2: Genotypes are not always visible on an organism. This is because alleles aren’t always expressed physically. When a trait can be visually seen, such as color, it is known as a phenotype (National Human Genome Research Institute, n.d.g). Phenotypes are affected by whether an allele is dominant or recessive. A dominant allele (represented by uppercase letters) means that only one copy of it is needed for a trait to be expressed. A recessive allele (represented by lowercase letters) can only be expressed when there are no dominant alleles present, so two copies are needed (National Human Genome Research Institute, n.d.c).
Slide 7
Line 1: Section 6: Incomplete Dominant Alleles
Line 2: There is one more variety of allele that is less often discussed. An incomplete dominant allele also known as a partial dominance allele occurs when both alleles at the gene locus are expressed, causing a combination or different phenotype than what would normally occur for a fully dominant allele. Incomplete dominant alleles also work in the form of a dosage effect. More copies of the allele present increases the intensity of its phenotypic expression (Khan Academy, n.d.).
Slide 8
Line 1: Section 7: The Genetic Gamble and Punnett Squares
Line 2: So, a foal will receive half of its alleles from the sire and the other half from the dam. Which genes a foal receives is an inherent gamble depending on the dominance of the alleles. In the genetics field, there are tools used to determine the possible genes a foal can inherit and the chances of which alleles are acquired. One of these tools is the Punnett square (Staroscik, n.d.).
Slide 9
Line 1: Section 8: Inheritance Charts and Genetic Tests
Line 2: Another tool used is an inheritance chart for testing multiple genes (Biology Online Editors, n.d.). Today there are also amazingly simple genetic tests that only require a few pulled hairs from your horse’s mane or tail to determine their genotypes (UC Davis, n.d). For centuries humans have been selectively breeding horses for coat colors and patterns that today, accomplished breeders can drastically increase or even guarantee an offspring’s phenotype (Your Genome, n.d.).
Slide 10
Line 1: References
Line 2: Biology Online Editors (n.d.). Polygenic inheritance. Biology Online. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.biologyonline.com/dictionary/polygenic-inheritance
Bernfield, M.R., Slack, J.M.W., Cuffe, M., Stein, W.D., Chow, C., Cooper, J.A., Alberts, B.M., Lodish, H.F., Staehelin, L.A. and Laskey, R.A. (n.d.). Cell. In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved May 5, 2023, from https://www.britannica.com/science/cell-biology
Khan Academy. (n.d.). Multiple alleles, incomplete dominance, and codominance. khanacademy.org. Retrieved May 6, 2023, from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/classical- genetics/variations-on-mendelian-genetics/a/multiple-alleles-incomplete-dominance- and-codominance
Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Idiogram. In Merriam-Webster.com medical dictionary. Retrieved May 7, 2023, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/idiogram
National Center for Biotechnology Information (n.d.). Equus caballus (horse). National Library of Medicine. Retrieved May 7, 2023, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/?term=txid9796[orgn]
National Human Genome Research Institute. (n.d.a). ALLELE. genome.gov. Retrieved May 6, 2023, from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Allele
National Human Genome Research Institute. (n.d.b). CHROMOSOME. genome.gov. Retrieved May 6, 2023, from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Chromosome
National Human Genome Research Institute. (n.d.c). DOMINANT TRAITS AND ALLELES. genome.gov. Retrieved May 6, 2023, from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Dominant- Traits-and-Alleles
National Human Genome Research Institute. (n.d.d). GENE. genome.gov. Retrieved May 6, 2023, from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Gene
National Human Genome Research Institute. (n.d.e). GENOTYPE. genome.gov. Retrieved May 6, 2023, from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/genotype
National Human Genome Research Institute. (n.d.f). LOCUS. genome.gov. Retrieved May 6, 2023, from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Locus
National Human Genome Research Institute. (n.d.g). PHENOTYPE. genome.gov. Retrieved May 6, 2023, from https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Phenotype
Staroscik, A. (n.d.). Punnett Square Calculator. Science Primer. Retrieved May 7, 2023, from https:// scienceprimer.com/punnett-square-calculator
UC Davis (n.d). Horse DNA Collection. UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://vgl.ucdavis.edu/sample-collection/horse
Your Genome (n.d.). What is selective breeding? Yourgenome.org. Retrieved May 9, 2023, from https://www.yourgenome.org/facts/what-is-selective-breeding/
This is my own fan redesign of the "Norwegian Fjord Horse" we have in-game. 🌲
Colors: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
This ninth and final color is a Kvit. Unlike the other coat names which refer to a single color, Kvit is used to describe all double cream dilutes. This means perlino dun, cremello dun, and smokey cream dun are all referred to as kvit.
Kvit, a color not registrable in any Fjord Horse Books except for the Norwegian Fjord Horse Registry (NFHR) in the United States, is mainly excluded due to traditions and misunderstanding of genetics. Dr. Sponenberg and Cherrie Nolan both note in an article written by Mickie Proulx in the "Fjord Herald" (issue #135 Summer 2020, pg. 32-3), that breeders historically misinterpreted kvit fjords to be albino, passing on health issues associated with the lack of melanin production. However, Double cream dilutes, which produce pink skin and light eyes, still have melanin and are protected from UV radiation. They are just more sensitive to sun, like humans with light skin and eyes are. Despite the well-studied effects of double and single cream dilutions, anti-kvit sentiments are still held by fjord breeders in non-American registries.
Because kvit covers three distinct double cream + dun dilutions, I decided that my version would be a perlino dun as it is easier to see the barely there two-tones in the mane and tail and primitive markings. I suspect this is what the G3 kvit was based on because the G1 is lacks any secondary color. I took a lot of inspiration from a fully registered perlino dun (kvit) stallion named Nanuq the White Russian (20-7652-S). Fun Fact, Nanuq means "polar bear" in Inuktitut!
people are always like “i have face blindness but i’m good with names” or “im terrible with names but i never forget a face” well baby idk how to tell u this but i am . bad at both.
theartofmadeline
gamechangershow
titsay
turnnoffyourmind
origamiaround
