Zaynab Domah

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Nature Interpretation for change

At its core, I believe that nature interpretation is all about the feelings you have toward nature, whether it's in that moment or in general. However, the more textbook definition is an educational activity that analyzes the meanings and relationships within nature, through use of original objects and first hand experience to communicate information (Beck et al, 2018. Chpt1). Nature interpretation can and should be done by anyone and anywhere. 

What is my personal ethics as a nature interpreter? I feel as though everyone should have the right and access to nature interpretation. This means that as interpreters we need to make interpretation easily accessible to everyone, especially public areas (Beck et al, 2018. Chpt7). This means adding more ramps for wheelchairs in public parks, and making sure there are enough benches for people to sit at whenever they need. There needs to be trash cans and picnic tables for people to eat lunch, or use at their own leisure as some people may need to change their diabetes patch or throw out a diaper. We also need to make nature interpretation a safe space for people to share their own thoughts. Some reasons people, especially minority groups, might not want to get involved with nature interpretation is because of cultural barriers, communication barriers, and economic barriers (Beck et al, 2018. Chpt7).

I also believe that as interpreters we should encourage the future generation to become interpreters, and open this up to children as well. I think it is so important for children to understand the beauty of nature at a young age. Knowledge of the world and natural history breeds “fond familiarity” with people and nature experiences (Beck et al, 2018. Chpt21). It is so important for people to create these relationships with nature because it’s in ecological literacy that makes people understand the impact of climate change, pollution, and other environmental problems (Beck et al, 2018. Chpt21). I believe that the next generation needs to be more exposed to nature and being outside. With today's technology, the appeal of going outside and playing has faded and we need to bring it back. I think some new initiatives to enforce this can be through having more outdoor school trips in elementary schools, and trying to incorporate more outdoor classes into our schedule. There are even simple activities that we can try and get children into to deepen their love for nature. Some of these activities include nature portraits where you paint or draw everything around you, or pattern wandering where you pick a pattern and search an area for anything that has a similar pattern (Evergreen, 2023). All this is to say that I believe the next generation needs to develop their sense of place. This is the feeling you feel when you find a place where culture and history speak for itself. Finding your “A raison d’être” or a reason for existing is crucial for wanting to protect the environment (Beck et al, 2018. Chpt1). I think that our next step is to engage children in more nature interpretive activities. 

I am very passionate about protecting the environment and I am always looking for new ways to become more eco-friendly and sustainable. As nature interpreters, it is our responsibility to look after the environment as it sustains everything that we need to survive. I think one way in doing this is researching and donating to researchers trying to find new ways to help in the climate crisis. One organization called rainforest alliance hopes to bring harmony to people and the environment by implementing scalable solutions to the climate crisis (rainforest, 2024). Rainforests are ecosystems under pressure from climate change, and organizations like this that put emphasis on protecting them are crucial. Another new initiative that is being researched is carbon sequestration. Everytime a farmer tills their soils, they release large amounts of carbon into the atmosphere and this increases our greenhouse gas emissions. Scientists are trying to find ways to keep the carbon in the soil, and this is through practical farming techniques like reducing tillage, cover crops, precision fertilization and more. A scientific article called Shaky Grounds by Gabriel Popkins discusses all of the ways that carbon sequestration could show promise to the climate crisis (Popkin, 2023). Supporting research for this is one simple way that we can all become more sustainable and aid the climate crisis. Another very simple way is by adapting a more reusable lifestyle. Some ways of doing this are through not using disposable bottles, using reusable initiatives such as beeswax to preserve food instead of plastic wrap, and using reusable makeup wipes instead of disposable ones. I think it is our responsibility to adopt these small changes in our lives and in the lives of the people around us. 

Everyone will be able to tackle these changes in their own unique and important way. However, the way that I believe I should tackle these issues is through social media. I think social media is the future whether you choose to admit it or not. It is so important to use social media as a tool to engage and teach people. Something I can see myself doing, and that I already partly do is posting and reposting climate change initiatives and ways to save the planet. I think that using social media as a platform to encourage change is amazing! I currently run a couple TikTok pages for different clubs and it is so exciting to see the way different people respond to what we post. Some TikToks also reach thousands of views in only a couple hours. This goes to show the power that social media has. The National Park Service Climate Change Response Program has slowly begun to emphasize the importance of climate change and ways to help the crisis. Some of the ways they are doing this is through using science to help manage parks, finding ways to reduce our carbon footprint, and through public awareness and communication (Beck et al, 2018. Chpt5). I think that climate change needs to become an active influential part of the interpretation of nature as these go hand and hand, and I believe that spreading awareness through social media is my way of doing this. I will be posting more photos of nature to encourage a deeper appreciation in others and repost articles that talk about ways that we can aid in the climate crisis. 

So why is nature interpretation so important? It is absolutely essential to create heightened appreciation, make deeper understandings, and find new ways to view the world around us. It can be one of the solutions to the climate crisis, and it can help one's mental health (Beck et al, 2018. Chpt1). The environment is beautiful, and one way to appreciate it is through nature interpretation. I know that everything I have learned over the last couple of months will be put to good use going forward! 

Here are some of my favourite nature moments

Beck, L. Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For A Better World. (Chapter 1). SAGAMORE Publishing.

Beck, L. Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For A Better World. (Chapter 5). SAGAMORE Publishing.

Beck, L. Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For A Better World. (Chapter 7). SAGAMORE Publishing.

Beck, L. Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For A Better World. (Chapter 21). SAGAMORE Publishing.

Evergreen. 10 fun and easy outdoor activities for Kids. (2023). https://www.evergreen.ca/stories/7-fun-and-easy-outdoor-activities/?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjw-_mvBhDwARIsAA-Q0Q4Rj4rHzCu8PxRJ0ob-7Kpuq0TrABZKSyTIQgnCzAcIxronevCsfZAaAujcEALw_wcB 

Popkin, G. (2023). Shaky ground. Science, 381(6656), 369–373. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adj9318 

Rainforest Alliance. (2024). https://www.rainforest-alliance.org/

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Hello Hana, 

I enjoyed reading your post and related to many of your points concerning the advocacy for things like accessibility, education for our future generations, and sustainability efforts to aid against very real issues like the climate crisis.  I believe that staying true to these causes will foster a deeper connection between ourselves,  people, and the natural world. In your discussion of education and engaging the younger generation, I think it would be interesting to embrace Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences to cater to a wider range of learners (Beck et al., 2018). On another note, I’d like to offer some perspectives that challenge and expand upon some of the points you’ve raised. 

Firstly, your emphasis on accessibility is notable. However, I believe it’s important to delve deeper into the concept of accessibility, particularly concerning minority groups. You touched upon cultural, communication, and economic barriers, which are significant. Yet, it’s also essential to consider the “invisible knapsacks”, where individuals from dominant societal groups carry unearned privileges that may unconsciously hinder inclusivity efforts (Gallavan, 2005). Therefore, identifying and addressing these inherent inequalities within interpretive programs is crucial for creating truly inclusive spaces. 

One another note, while social media undoubtedly has immense reach and potential, we must acknowledge its pitfalls. As Beck and Dustin suggest, the capacity to completely immerse oneself in our surroundings can be influenced by the appeal of modern technology which can draw attention away from the wonders of nature (Beck et al., 2018). Therefore, while social media can be a potent tool, its limitations must be considered. 

Lastly, your advocacy for outdoor activities in education is one I agree with completely since children have the right to experience the wonders of nature.  However, we must confront the challenges posed by institutional barriers, such as concerns about liability and safety (Rodenbrug, 2019). Although we’ve explored the benefits and importance of being outdoors on one’s development, as interpreters we must first overcome these barriers by shifting societal perceptions and priorities. Overall, your post did a great job incorporating your ethics with the concepts we’ve learned into perspective while opening the opportunity for further discussion. 

References: 

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: for a better world. Sagamore Venture.

Gallavan, N. P. (2005). Helping teachers unpack their "invisible knapsacks". Multicultural Education, 13(1), 36. https://link-gale-com.subzero.lib.uoguelph.ca/apps/doc/A137921591/AONE?u=guel77241&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=9fe2f151 

Rodenburg, J. (2019). Why environmental educators shouldn’t give up hope. CLEARING. https://clearingmagazine.org/archives/14300

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My Journey as a Nature Interpreter

As a nature interpreter, the overall journey isn’t just about passing on knowledge, but also about creating a strong connection between individuals in our community and the natural world around us. This role brings forth a deep sense of responsibility, both towards the environment as well as the people around us that we engage with. Being a nature interpreter is a journey that requires a solid foundation of personal ethics, beliefs, and approaches to ensure that every interaction that we have will serve the greater good of both humanity and the planet. 

At the core of my personal ethics as a nature interpreter are several different foundational beliefs that aid in my journey. Interconnectedness, stewardship, empathy, and continual learning are the keys to becoming a well developed nature interpreter. Interconnectedness is important as I believe that all living beings and ecosystems are all connected as one. Every action, big or small, all have reactions and consequences that create a ripple effect that extends far beyond our immediate lives and surroundings. Recognizing this interconnectedness allows for me as a nature interpreter, to approach my work with a sense of humility and respect for the intricacy of life around me. 

Stewardship is another key belief to becoming a nature interpreter that I believe I bring with me on my journey. I believe that we should all behave as stewards of the natural world, and that we have been entrusted with the task and responsibility to preserve and protect the Earth for future generations. This belief instills a sense of duty to advocate for more sustainable practices to be put in place, as well as more conservation efforts in order to protect our future. Understanding and empathizing with many diverse perspectives is crucial to creating meaningful connections with nature. I believe that by interacting with people no matter where they are in their journey of life and nature. They may be experienced with nature enthusiasts, or a newcomer and just trying to figure things out for the first time. Empathy and understanding are the key to any good nature interpreter. Continual learning is the final belief that I bring to being a nature interpreter, and it is the understanding that the natural world is a very vast and dynamic entity, and it is important to continue lifelong learning inorder to fully understand it. I approach my role as a nature interpreter with curiosity and a commitment to continue to expand my knowledge and understanding of all the ecosystems and environments that I encounter. 

As a nature interpreter, there are certain responsibilities that I hold that shape how I interact with both the environment and with other citizens I encounter. The first responsibility is education; one of the primary responsibilities is to educate and inspire others about the vast wonders of the natural world. Education comes in various forms such as delivering presentations, leading guided hikes, or conducting various workshops that aid in exposing participants in the natural world. The goal is to impart knowledge in a special way that inspires curiosity and appreciation for the environment. Another responsibility that I hold as a nature interpreter is the responsibility to advocate. I believe it is important to use my platform, such as this blog, to advocate for environmental conservation and the integration of more sustainable practices worldwide. This too comes in many different forms, such as raising awareness about urgent environmental issues, supporting local conservation initiatives, or encouraging more environmentally friendly behaviours within the community I live in. Ethical conduct is also an important responsibility and plays a large part in my role as a nature interpreter. This of course includes respecting the rights of indigenous people, their lands, and local communities, practicing Leave No Trace principles, and ensuring the well-being and proper treatment of all the ecosystems I come across in my journeys. Lastly, inclusivity is likely one of the most important responsibilities that I, and other nature interpreters have. It is crucial to create inclusive and welcoming spaces within the realm of nature interpretation. We need to embrace diversity and inclusivity, and aim to make the natural world accessible to people of all walks of life, all backgrounds and abilities, and create a true sense of belonging and empowerment among all those who seek a connection with nature. 

In my journey of navigating my role as an aspiring nature interpreter, I’ve found that certain approaches resonate deeply with my personal ethics and style. For example, storytelling is a great means of connecting people with nature on a deeper level. By weaving narratives that highlight the beauty, complexity, and the importance of the natural world, you can captivate audiences and instill a sense of wonder and respect for the environment. Immersive hands-on experiences have the potential to leave a lasting and memorable impact on individuals and their relationships with nature. Whether it is through wilderness workshops, citizen science projects, or habitat restoration efforts, I believe that it is an approach that provides the opportunities for meaningful engagement and discovery for the public. Empowerment is another approach that is important to the success of a nature interpreter. I believe that my role as a nature interpreter is not only a source of knowledge but also acts as a spark for empowerment. By empowering more individuals to explore, connect with, and advocate for the natural world, we can aim to form a sense of agency and stewardship that extends beyond our typical interactions. Lastly, collaboration is the most beneficial approach to effective nature interpretation. Whether it is partnering with local organizations, community leaders, or with fellow interpreters, I believe that the value of the collective effort is crucial to advancing our shared goals of conservation, education, and advocacy. 

As I continue to develop as a nature interpreter, my personal ethic will continue to evolve and be further shaped by new experiences, personal reflection, and ongoing learning. I aim to keep grounded with the beliefs of interconnectedness, stewardship, empathy, and continual learning, and my approach to interpretation being guided by the sense of responsibility to both the environment and the communities I serve. By upholding ethical standards, embracing inclusive practices, and employing storytelling, hand-on experiences, empowerment, and collaboration, I will strive to fulfill my responsibilities as a nature interpreter and inspire others to join me in forming a deeper connection with the natural world. In doing so, I hope to contribute a much more sustainable, harmonious relationship between humanity, and the Earth we call our home.

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Hello Denise, 

Your blog exploring the responsibilities and ethical considerations of being a nature interpreter was very insightful. Your emphasis on interconnectedness, stewardship, empathy, and continual learning as foundational beliefs resonates deeply with the essence of effective interpretation. Your exploration of interconnectedness initially had me thinking of the intricate processes like nutrient cycling or the food webs, however, I realized that the concept of interconnectedness goes beyond the science. It brings to mind Edward Hyams’ eye-opening passage, highlighting the importance of maintaining the integrity of the past to understand the present and guide our future actions. Therefore, as nature interpreters, we are entrusted with the responsibility of preserving both the scientific and historical interconnections of the Earth in its past, present, and future forms.

In addition, I couldn't agree more that the educational aspect of interpretation is crucial. More specifically, education within interpretation, if done well, can reshape an individual’s knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors (Beck et al., 2018). However, it's clear that education is not limited to our audience, but to us interpreters as well, and if we want to continue providing the newest and most accurate information to our audience, we must embrace learning for ourselves too. The concept of lifelong learning, as emphasized by Maria Montessori, resonates deeply here. She believed that a truly educated person continues learning long after their formal education ends since the motivation to do so is driven by one's innate curiosity and love for knowledge (Beck et al., 2018). 

On another note, I’d like to introduce a perspective on the storytelling approach in interpretation. While I completely agree that storytelling indeed has the power to convey information about cultural and natural history and captivate a range of audiences; do you think there’s a risk of oversimplification of complex issues (Beck et al., 2018)?  Sometimes I assume it would face challenges in effectively conveying the urgency of the environmental threats and ultimately downplay the severity of the issues, so how would you go about striking a balance? 

References:

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: for a better world. Sagamore Venture.

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From my Old Point Loma Lighthouse to Yours: The Closing Act

As I sit down to write this final blog post, I find myself reflecting on the journey that brought me here. It seems like it was only yesterday that I wrote my first post, recounting my humble beginnings amidst the urban sprawl of Toronto and my gradual embrace of nature. The initial post marked the beginning of a transformative adventure, one that saw me evolve from a city dweller yearning for greenery to a passionate advocate for environmental stewardship and interpretation. Just as the Old Point Loma Lighthouse stood as a beacon of guidance in my earlier post, so too have I come to understand my role as an interpreter: to illuminate the wonders of the natural world and inspire others to forge their own connections with it. 

The Old Point Loma Lighthouse (Tisdale, 2017).

As I delve into the exploration of my personal ethics as a nature interpreter, I find myself drawn back to the foundations laid within the course. The beliefs I hold dear, the responsibilities I  shoulder, and the approaches I embrace all stem from the seed planted in those early days of discovery. So join me once more as we seek to understand what it truly means to interpret nature with authenticity and respect.

Delving into the depths of my personal ethics as a future nature interpreter, I am reminded of the foundational principles instilled in me through my studies as an environmental science major. The recognition of the intrinsic value of the natural world is the cornerstone of my belief system. Reflecting on this, I often ponder: What does it mean for something to have intrinsic value, and how does this concept influence our interactions with nature? The concept of intrinsic value prompts us to consider the worth of nature beyond what it provides us, such as shelter, food, and other necessities (Beck et al., 2018). As interpreters, engaging with the concept of intrinsic value challenges us to convey this perspective to our audience. This leads me to question: How does one effectively communicate the intrinsic worth of nature in a society dominated by utilitarian thinking? How can we inspire others to recognize and cherish the inherent value of ecosystems beyond their immediate utility?  Nature should be regarded as a living breathing entity in its own right, one that, despite its generous provisions, requires preservation for its own well-being.   I firmly believe that as interpreters, we have a responsibility to target and influence beliefs that shape attitudes, norms, and perceptions (Beck et al., 2018). By doing so, one can effectively guide the audience towards behaviors that are aligned with the preservation and appreciation of nature. It is through changing these beliefs that we can inspire meaningful actions and foster a deeper connection between individuals and nature. 

As Tilden defines,  nature interpretation is an educational activity aimed at revealing meanings and relationships using an array of strategies (Beck et al., 2018).  As a nature interpreter who still has a long way to go, I recognize that my responsibilities extend beyond communicating complex dry facts. It encompasses the dual objectives of effectively informing and inspiring (Beck et al., 2018). Therefore, I would need to go beyond simply conveying information and instead strive to provoke my audience with personal meaning and connections with nature, encouraging a sense of place (Beck et al., 2018). Most importantly, I have the responsibility to understand and engage diverse audiences to transcend physical, social, and psychological barriers, some concerning the invisible knapsacks, and foster inclusivity (Beck et al., 2018; Gallavan, 2005). By tailoring my interpretive approaches to align with audience values and interests, building trust, and transitioning from expert to facilitator, I can create a welcoming space where everyone feels valued (Beck et al., 2018). Embracing diversity and inclusivity will enrich the interpretive experience but also foster greater participation and stewardship.

While fostering a positive and engaging environment for my audience is essential, as an environmental science major, I’m acutely aware of my responsibility to address the pressing environmental challenges. Climate change, biodiversity loss, and overexploitation of natural resources amongst others, are critical issues that demand attention. Therefore, conservation is not a choice anymore but an obligation if our future generations ever want to have a chance at survival. However, I recognize the importance of communicating these challenges without restoring to fear-mongering. Instead, I strive to frame these issues within the context of hope, empowerment, and collective responsibility, inspiring my audience to become agents of positive change. 

(McGregor, 2021).

Upon reflection and considering the broader perspective, I realized that there is no better means to fully embrace nature than by immersing oneself in it; a sentiment possibly influenced by my upbringing in the city and the immediate realization of its stark disparity. Consequently, through merging my beliefs and responsibilities, I have roughly developed a personalized interpretative approach that resonates with me.   In the realm of interpretive theater within nature, I perceive myself not as the central performer, but rather as the silent conductor orchestrating the symphony of the natural world. Here, nature itself assumes the spotlight, captivating the audience with its endless beauty and intricate complexity. Just as Lee Stetson observed, amidst the chaos of urban life, people yearn for the tranquility and authenticity of nature’s stage  (Beck et al., 2018). Every rustle of leaves, every bird’s song, and every trickle of water becomes a part of this captivating performance, fostering that visceral connection between the live performer (nature) and the audience as Stetson describes (Beck et al., 2018). My role as the stage orchestrator is to seamlessly guide the audience’s attention, drawing their focus to the delicate interplay of ecosystems and the profound intrinsic value of every living being.

Through immersive experiences like guided nature walks and interactive presentations and activities, I endeavor to foster a deep sense of connection and stewardship among my audience of all ages, backgrounds, places, and more. Moreover, I recognize the vital role that children play in this narrative. Not only do they possess an innate curiosity and readiness to love the natural world, but they’re the future generation that needs to bear the brunt of the results of our decisions. By nurturing their relationship with nature through stories, personal experiences, and hands-on discovery, I aim to empower them to become stewards of the environment and inspire those around them to join the effort (Beck et al., 2018). Thus, in this theatre of nature, the spotlight does not shine on the interpreter; instead, it echoes the guiding glow of the Old Point Loma Lighthouse,  illuminating the magnificent spectacle of the natural world, ready to captivate all those who are willing to watch, listen, and feel its profound beauty and significance.

References:

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: for a better world. Sagamore Venture.

Gallavan, N. P. (2005). Helping teachers unpack their "invisible knapsacks". Multicultural Education, 13(1), 36. https://link-gale-com.subzero.lib.uoguelph.ca/apps/doc/A137921591/AONE?u=guel77241&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=9fe2f151 

Rodenburg, J. (2019). Why environmental educators shouldn’t give up hope. CLEARING. https://clearingmagazine.org/archives/14300

Picture Credits:

Tisdale, M.E. (2017). Old Point Loma Lighthouse Art. Mark on Art. https://markonart.com/old-point-loma-lighthouse-art/ 

McGregor, S. (2021). IPCC report: A grim scientific assessment of how and why the planet is warming.Monash University.https://lens.monash.edu/@environment/2021/08/09/1383594/a-sweeping-scientific-assessment-of-how-and-why-the-planet-is-warming

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Unit 09 - The Amazing Uniqueness of Nature

I think the most amazing thing about nature to me is the fact that every area unique and has its own distinct variables. And I know that there are obviously similarities in specific areas and similar habitats and ecosystems but what I'm really talking about is how there's no complete replication in nature. Every single path that you take will be different from the next. 

I think about this fact quite often actually because growing up in a more rural area I was constantly surrounded by unique areas. I think that living in the city with all its buildings, streets, and other urban developments, can make it easy to view the areas we live in as very standardized and similar to other places. And this makes sense because a lot of buildings are built the exact same, streets are built the exact same, lots is built the exact same. But in nature everything is different. 

This contrast between urban and rural environments often leaves me thinking about how intricate and extensive nature is. It serves as a reminder that our envinroment is made up of many distinct components, all of which add to the wonder and beauty of our world. There are always exciting discoveries to be made, new paths to take, and new viewpoints to acquire—even in seemingly familiar surroundings.

This uniqueness is also what allows for everyone to have their own unique connections and views, encouraging every person to discover, become knowledgeable of, and engage with nature’s wonders (Beck et al., 2018).

Personally, I love going on walks to clear my head and get some fresh air, as I’m sure many of us do. It's amazing how nature can deliver a new experience each time I walk outside. There are always fresh sights, sounds, and smells to explore, even in the same old surroundings. Every step turns into an exploratory adventure and an opportunity to form deep connections with the nature. I think one reason why I’ve always been drawn to nature is due to the fact that it's always changing.

Imagine walking through a luscious green forest, where every turn reveals a new surprise. The trees that surround you are more than just ordinary trees; they tell unique stories, all holding their own responsibilities to their ecosystem. You take in the noises of hidden animals, the brightly coloured petals of blooming flowers, and the intricate patterns of leaves as you walk. Then as you turn the corner, you see a glistening blue lake, peaceful and calm. Every part of this path is fresh and unseen before, leaving you guessing at what may come up next. This is what the uniqueness of nature provides during every outing. Whether it leaves you with good memories or perhaps even some that are not as enjoyable, each experience in nature leaves it's audience with a unique memory of a unique adventure.

While I feel that my explanation of this may not be the most clear explanation, I hope that you were still able to understand the type of feeling I was trying to decribe. Hopefully some of you have experienced this for yourself and can relate to my thoughts.

References:

Beck, L. Cable, T. T. & Knudson, D. M. Interpreting Cultural and Natural Heritage: For a Better World. Available from: Sagamore Publishing LLC, Sagamore Publishing LLC, 2018.

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Hi Michela, 

I enjoyed reading your perspective on the uniqueness and intricacy that exists in nature. As someone who grew up in the city, I could immediately picture your comparison between cities with their replicated buildings and streets, and nature with its endless variations. Your post prompts me to think that in a world that often seeks stability and predictability, nature’s constant flux serves as a powerful reminder of the beauty found in unpredictability. However, it’s clear that as cities grow and nature shrinks, technology becomes an important factor to consider. In our digital age, where screens dominate our attention, the challenge of disconnecting from technology to fully appreciate nature becomes more pertinent. Richard Louv’s observation about the numbing effect of digital environments raises an important question: How can we maintain a genuine connection with nature amidst the distraction of modern technology (Beck et al., 2018)?

While we’ve previously explored different digital avenues for engaging with nature, we must also acknowledge the potential pitfalls of technology. As Beck and Dustin suggest, the allure of smartphones and electronic gadgets can distract us from the wonders of the natural world, hindering our ability to fully immerse in what is directly in front of us, including species other than our own (Beck et al., 2018). 

As we’ve explored throughout the course nature studies reminds us that our interactions with the natural world extend beyond mere identifications; they encompass moments of unexpected awe and wonder that challenge our preconceived anticipations (Beck et al., 2018). Therefore, as interpreters, it’s crucial to bridge the gap between scientific knowledge and societal awareness, encouraging individuals to not only appreciate nature’s beauty but also understand its ecological importance in the long term. 

In this context, using citizen science initiatives facilitated by technology, for example,  offers a promising opportunity for individuals to actively contribute to environmental stewardship (Beck et al., 2018). However, as Scott Russel Sanders reminds us, if the trance induced by electronic gadgets renders us oblivious to the beauty of nature, we risk losing something truly profound (Beck et al., 2018).  Therefore, we must leverage digital tools to deepen our understanding of nature’s uniqueness without losing sight of its inherent value and beauty. 

References: 

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: for a better world. Sagamore Venture.

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Unveiling the Hidden Realm: The Labyrinth of Coarse Woody Debris

In nature interpretation, there exists a realm where interpreters wield the power of storytelling to extend their sphere of influence and captivate audiences far and wide. Enter the world of blogging - a digital frontier where any interpreter can share their expertise and passion (Beck et al., 2018). You may ask what does it take to succeed in the blogosphere? Well, this boils down to three fundamental questions: What do you know? What do you love? What do you want to learn (Beck et al., 2018)? These questions, are the very essence of what it means to be an interpreter. 

Now, imagine for a moment that you find yourself in a forest, surrounded by towering trees and the gentle whisper of leaves in the breeze. Amidst this tranquil scene lies a world of fallen trees and branches, a world often mistaken as lifeless, yet brimming with life and wonder. It’s a world where fallen branches and decaying logs play host to a multitude of organisms. 

This is the world of coarse woody debris, a topic that I know, love, and would like to learn more about; but most eager to share with you today. 

Coarse Woody Debris (Nova Scotia Canada, 2017)

This story begins with a fallen giant, its once proud branches now resting on the forest floor.  One of nature’s famous architects, such as natural fires, shapes the landscape and gives rise to coarse woody debris. Picture the flickering flames dancing across the forest floor, consuming everything in its path relentlessly. It is a scene of destruction, but also of renewal, where within the ashes of the old, emerges new life, and with it creates the foundation of the coarse woody debris ecosystem. While natural fires may be destructive in the short term, they play a crucial role in replenishing coarse woody debris stocks and ensuring the continuity of ecosystem functions and services (Pausas & Keeley, 2019). 

As we venture deeper into this labyrinth of fallen giants, a symphony of activity surrounds us. Fungi, with their delicate filaments, weave intricate networks beneath our feet and dot the forest floor. Alongside their invertebrate counterparts, they break down woody fibers, returning important nutrients to the soil (Tinker & Knight, 2000). But it’s not just fungi and invertebrates that call this place home. Within the dark structures of this ecosystem, southern Red-backed Voles scurry through the labyrinth tunnels, seeking shelter and food, ranging from fungal sporocarps,  seeds, and invertebrates (Sullivan et al., 2011). And let us not forget the vascular plants, reptiles,  amphibians, and birds who also live amongst the nooks and crannies of the varying coarse woody debris; hiding, feeding, and repopulating (Tinker & Knight, 2000). Therefore, these creatures find refuge in this environment that we deem as dead, hiding in the cozy crevices of the fallen giants, forging a delicate balance of predator and prey, symbiosis and competition, life, and death. 

Southern Red-backed Vole (Moses, 2022).

With that said, exploring our nation’s trails offers us rest from the permeating technology in our modern lives. It allows for a deeper awareness of the vibrant ecosystems directly in front of us, heightening our thoughts and feelings of being alive (Beck et al., 2018). So, the next time you encounter a fallen tree or a tangle of branches lying forgotten, take a moment to appreciate the hidden world it holds within. For coarse woody debris is not just dead wood, it’s a vibrant ecosystem brimming with life waiting to be discovered.

References: 

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: for a better world. Sagamore Venture.

Pausas, J. G., & Keeley, J. E. (2019). Wildfires as an ecosystem service. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 17(5), 289-295. https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2044  

Sullivan, T. P., Sullivan, D. S., Lindgren, P. M., Ransome, D. B., Bull, J. G., & Ristea, C. (2011). Bioenergy or biodiversity? Woody debris structures and maintenance of red-backed voles on clearcuts. Biomass and Bioenergy, 35(10), 4390-4398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2011.08.013 

Tinker, D. B., & Knight, D. H. (2000). Coarse woody debris following fire and logging in Wyoming lodgepole pine forests. Ecosystems, 3, 472-483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s100210000041 

Picture credits: 

Nova Scotia Canada (2017). Snags and Coarse Woody Debris. Government of Nova Scotia. https://novascotia.ca/natr/forestry/programs/ecosystems/debris.asp 

Bill Moses (2022). Southern Red-backed Vole. Hawk Moutain. https://www.hawkmountain.org/blog/recent-sightings/southern-red-backed-vole

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music & nature

Music has been a part of my life ever since I was born. My father was raised playing instruments throughout his life and wanted his children to experience it throughout my life, it has not been hard to see that there is music all around us. There is tempo and rhythm everywhere, as long as you look close enough. For example, the wind moving branches and grass can create a consistent sound that could be interpreted as the beat of a drum.

I always think about how when you leave your windows open in the summer to try and get some cool air, you can hear the crickets and cicadas with their rhythmic singing. From the discovered remains of ancient Greek life, we have found evidence of cicadas stamped in their coins. In Greek mythology, it was believed that cicadas used to be men. These men had become so obsessed with singing, forgoing any food or water. They caught the attention of the three muses. The three muses were identified as goddesses of music, poetry, and myth. In their stories, these men obsessed with singing would be turned into cicadas by the Muses, so they were able to solely sing and not have to worry about anything else in life but their singing (Haworth, 2021).

This coming summer marks another seventeen-year cycle of a cicada generation, meaning that this summer a new generation will emerge from the ground to sing their songs. This year is significant because it is the largest forecasted number of cicadas ever emerging due to an overlap in emerging generations (Chow, 2024). In other words, this summer we are going to be experiencing music in nature like never before.

On the other hand, nature in music is almost just as common. One of my favourite uses of nature in music, to prove meaning and imagery is the song Ivy by the legendary Taylor Swift. The song paints the story of a married woman falling in love with another man. I just love the way that just uses the imagery of ivy, growing over a house, almost consuming it.

“Stop you putting roots in my dreamland / My house of stone, your ivy grows / And now I’m covered.” -Taylor Swift

Ivy is usually used as a symbol of love, and in the song, her existing relationship is deemed the solid stone house. This affair is covering and consuming her existing relationship the way that ivy easily grows and covers an entire house.

Anyways, there’s my fan girl moment for Taylor Swift, and the many uses of nature we see in music to create beautiful stories.

One song that vividly reminds me of a natural landscape is the song Hallucinogenics by Matt Maeson. This song will always bring me back to when I would drive around throughout COVID lockdowns with not much to do I was going on constant walks. This is one of the many songs that talk me back to my walks throughout the Guelph Lake Conservation Area.

References:

Chow, D. (January 20, 2024). Billions of cicadas will emerge in the U.S. this year in a rare double-brood event. NBC News. https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/cicadas-2024-emergence-periodical-brood-2024-map-cicada-rcna134152

Haworth, H. (June 17, 2021). The Song of the Cicada: Out of the pandemic, into a valley of insects. The Magazine of the Sierra Club. https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/song-cicada-brood-x-appalachia#:~:text=The%20ancient%20Greeks%20told%20a,music%2C%20poetry%2C%20and%20myth.

Swift, Taylor. “Ivy.” Evermore. Spotify. 2020.

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Hi Daena, 

I  enjoyed reading your reflection on the interconnection of music and nature and how it's perceived. It’s interesting to consider the rhythmic patterns of nature from the wind making its way through branches to the symphony of cicadas during the summer months. Your connection between the ancient Greek myth of the cicadas and their upcoming emergence this summer adds a layer of historical and mythological depth to our understanding of nature’s musicality.

However, it's essential to acknowledge the broader context in which this relationship unfolds. Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences provides valuable insights into the diverse ways individuals engage with music. Garner categorizes musical intelligence as not only one 's ability to play musical instruments or sing, but also one's sensitivity to rhythm, pitch, melody, and tone (Beck et al., 2018). This challenges us to explore how music shapes perceptions, memories, and emotional responses beyond humanity alone.

While your reflection emphasizes the harmony between music and nature, it’s also worth considering how our perception of nature through music may be skewed. Our portrayal of nature in music tends to idealize natural landscapes potentially disconnecting from the ecological realities. Our understanding of music’s presence in nature often centers on sounds that are pleasing to our ears, like melodic chirps or rhythmic rustling of leaves. Yet, nature’s music encompasses a wide range of sounds including those that could be disruptive. It would be interesting to explore the following: How can nature interpreters effectively convey the bittersweet reality of natural processes, including elements of death and disruption, through music, ensuring that audiences perceive nature beyond its picturesque facade and grasp its complex ecological dynamics?

Another interesting question to explore would be: To what extent do human-nature interactions affect the way one perceives nature in music? As nature interpreters, this is important to consider since music is often seen as a useful tool that evokes profound emotions within listeners concerning nature and hopefully anchors words and information in the audience's memory (Beck et al., 2018). However, nature might be a source of hardship or conflict for some; and what resonates with one person may not have the same impact on another, adding an extra piece to nature interpretation's puzzle. 

References:

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: for a better world. Sagamore Venture.

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Mother Nature's Mixtape

Imagine yourself by a serene lake, where the water mirrors the sky and carries the sound of a gentle breeze. As the wind weaves through the trees, it brings with it distant melodies, blending with the symphonies of the ecosystem. In these moments, music and nature merge, where nature reflects music just as music reflects nature. 

This is a picture I took from a hiking trail in Milton!

Howard Gardner’s work on multiple intelligences shed light on the diverse ways individuals interact with the world around them. Through his theory, Gardner illuminated the rich tapestry of human potential, categorizing different intelligences that manifest in various degrees within each individual (Beck et al., 2018). Among these intelligences lies the musical domain which he describes as a realm of individuals who have a sensitivity to rhythm, pitch, meter, melody, and tones and can potentially come in handy as a tool for interpreters (Beck et al., 2018). But, what if the theory of multiple intelligences, specifically the musical domain, extends beyond humanity alone? 

Music in nature expresses mixtures of joy, sorrow, and desires that we perceive as mere symphonies, blissfully unaware of the secrets it whispers. Consider the deep melodies of humpback whales, echoing through the depths of the ocean. Their sounds, reminiscent of human compositions, reveal a striking similarity in structure and form (Gray et al., 2001). Like our own musical traditions, whale songs follow patterns of rhythm, tone, timber, and melodies (Gray et al., 2001). Now some believe that musical instruments are exclusive to humans, given their intricate design and usage in human culture. However, this assumption can be challenged when observing the behaviors of certain birds, such as the palm cockatoo of Northern Australia and New Guinea (Gray et al., 2001). Palm cockatoos use “instruments” like twigs to drum on hollow logs as part of their courtship ritual (Gray et al., 2001). These behaviors illuminate the diverse ways in which creatures engage with musical expression, expanding our understanding of music’s origin and universality. 

On the other hand, nature in music reveals itself both explicitly and implicitly. It can show itself through compositions, mimicking or taking inspiration from the elements of nature. Some music might transport listeners to a natural setting, evoking emotions or memories of specific landscapes or experiences. From the lens of interpretation, music can be a powerful tool. It possesses the ability to evoke profound emotions within listeners, to anchor words and information in one’s memory, and to transport individuals into vivid mental landscapes, bringing the outdoors to life within the sanctuary of one’s mind  (Beck et al., 2018).

A song that does just that for me is Counting Stars by OneRepublic. While the song itself doesn’t explicitly evoke images of nature, it reminds me of memorable family road trips. I recall us heading to a cottage nestled amid lush forests and serene lakes. The morning sun painted the landscape in golden hues, while the crisp breeze greeted us through rolled-down windows. As we journeyed mile by mile, the song played softly in the background, harmonizing with the tranquil beauty outside. It was a refreshing change from the city life in Toronto that I’m accustomed to, and it created memories of tranquility and a sense of adventure.

References:

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: for a better world. Sagamore Venture. 

Gray, P. M., Krause, B., Atema, J., Payne, R., Krumhansl, C., & Baptista, L. (2001). The Music of Nature and the Nature of Music. Science, 291, p. 52-54.

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The Importance of Interpreting Nature Through History

Hey everyone, welcome back. This week I will be dissecting a quote from Edward Hyams, Chapter 7, The Gifts of Interpretation:

“There is no peculiar merit in ancient things, but there is merit in integrity, and integrity entails the keeping together of the parts of any whole, and if these parts are scattered throughout time, then the maintenance of integrity entails a knowledge, a memory, of ancient things. …. To think, feel or act as though the past is done with, is equivalent to believing that a railway station through which our train has just passed, only existed for as long as our train was in it” - Edward Hyams

Hymns wrote an inspiring and thought provoking quote that challenges our ingrained views of past events, knowledge, and teachings of our natural landscape. Hyams starts by saying there is no particularly merit in ancient things, and how I interpret this is that the tangible elements of “ancient things” is what really has no merit, but the reason these things still stand and hold value after tens of thousands of years is what one could call, as Eward Hyams refers to, integrity. I think what he is alluding to is the relevance between integrity and perseverance. If something is persevered, whether tangible or intangible, it holds memories, and those memories can then be passed down and taught through multiple generations, increasing its integrity. This thought can be backed up from our textbook as well, Beck & Cable, 2011 allude that one of the main goals in interpreting nature’s history is the act of remembering; as keeping memories alive is the true meaning of interpreting history (Beck et al., 2011). This is what I believe Edward Hyams references, how physical ancient things serve no other purpose than to pass down knowledge (integrity) to the next generation. 

The second part of his first sentence then talks about the importance of parts of a whole, where I think he aims to highlight the importance between interconnected processes, whether that being the simplest example of sunlight = food for green plants or a more personal example for us humans, food = survival. The latter cannot be achieved prior to the existence of the former, and the same could be said for appreciating the integrity of ancient things; one cannot appreciate said things if they were not preserved and cared for in the first place.

He finishes the quote by challenging our moral views and obligations to consciously integrate the knowledge we’ve gained from our past to better ourselves in the future; to keep our stories alive (Hooykaas, 2024). For a more modern example, take fossil fuels; we can acknowledge that our advancement in technologies would not have advanced without the utilization and processing of fossil fuels, but within the same breathe, we must understand that we have new technologies such as solar, nuclear, or geothermal energies that can perform just as or even more efficient than fossil fuels, and at half the price of our environment. In keeping with Hyam's thoughts, we must not forget where we came from, but we must also acknowledge the destruction it took for us as humans to get us to where we are today. We must find integrity through the inspiration and preservation of the stories and lives of past survivors, whether that be humans, ecosystems, or flora and fauna.

References:

Beck, L., & Ted T. Cable. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage for a better world - ebook. Sagamore. https://sagamorepub.com/products/interpreting-cultural-and-natural-heritage-for-a-better-world-2

Hooykaas, A. (2024). Unit 06: Nature Interpretation through History. [Lecture notes]. ENVS*3000 Nature Interpretation. University of Guelph.

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Hi Evan, 

I enjoyed reading your analysis of Edward Hyams’ quote and thought that your exploration regarding the merit of ancient things and the importance of integrity in preserving knowledge and memories is both insightful and thought-provoking. In line with your analysis, I think that “ancient things” have gained recognition once interpretation added meaning and value to them (Beck et al., 2018). As I reflect on Hyams’ quote and your interpretation, I find myself contemplating the difficulties inherent in our relationship with history and the natural world. While I  think it's important to honor and learn from the past, I wonder if there might be more to consider in terms of how we engage with historical narratives and apply them to existing challenges. Hyams emphasizes the importance of integrity, but it's unclear if he also encourages us to critically examine the traditions and systems that have been passed down to us.  Consider, for example, the persistence of poverty and the ongoing struggle for indigenous rights. These are issues deeply intertwined in historical systems and structures, often caused by traditional power dynamics and societal norms. His quote also makes me question if integrity solely lies in preserving history, or if should it also encompass the courage to question, adapt, and innovate. In light of ongoing social injustices, or continuous use of fossil fuels, it reminds us that perhaps not all historical practices are worth preserving, and some demand reevaluation. That being said, while the past undoubtedly offers invaluable insights, perhaps our greatest challenge lies in striking a balance between honoring history and embracing progress. Moreover, I believe that as interpreters we have a task to not only talk about the past but also challenge conventional narratives, make connections to the present, and envision alternative futures (Beck et al., 2018).

References:

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: for a better world. Sagamore Venture.

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Next Stop: Edward Hyams & Nature Interpretation

Humanity has always been driven by curiosity to uncover the mysteries and secrets of our world. But what if the secrets of our present and the puzzle pieces for our future lie hidden within the depths of our past? One can argue that history serves as a compass that guides us through the multifaceted past and illuminates the path to the future. Edward Hyams once remarked, “There is no peculiar merit in ancient things, but there is merit in integrity…”. Similar to the pieces of a puzzle, merit in integrity means remembering and understanding those pieces from the past. Artifacts, historic buildings, and ceremonies are technically just old things gathering dust; until interpretation adds meaning and value (Beck et al., 2018). In our fast-paced world where the past feels distant, integrity acts as an anchor that keeps us grounded in the lessons and values of our past. 

Hyams further elaborates that “...integrity entails the keeping together of the parts of any whole, and if these parts are scattered throughout time, then the maintenance of integrity entails a knowledge, a memory, of ancient things.". This describes the essence of historical integrity, where through interpretation the fragments of the past are pieced together, weaving them into a narrative that speaks to the public. The interpretation of these narratives nurtures the development of one's personal identity, allowing both education and remembrance of the bittersweet stories of the past (Beck et al., 2018). Consider the story of the students from Cabot Yerxa Elementary School. Amid poverty, the children often dealt with feelings of inferiority and shame, until they stepped foot inside Cabot’s Pueblo Museum (Beck et al., 2018). Amidst the artifacts and tales of Cabot Yerxa, the students found a sense of connection to their roots, a source of pride in their school and community. Through interpretation, they developed their personal identity and learned that history is not just a collection of old things, but a teacher that inspires and offers lessons beyond museum walls.

Going back to Hyams’ quote, he reminds us that “To think, feel, or act as though the past is done with, is equivalent to believing that a railway station through which our train has just passed, only existed for as long as our train was in it.”  In reality, the station existed before and will continue to exist after your train passes through. These words from Hyams emphasize that the past exists beyond our immediate experiences, shaping our present and guiding our future. 

That being said, just as ancient artifacts and weathered monuments tell stories of human endeavors, the Earth itself narrates tales of resilience, adaptation, and interconnectedness. As nature interpreters, we are responsible for preserving the integrity of the Earth while shedding light on its delicate balance and creating tools for advocacy and education. As we have discussed time and time again, our interpretations need to remain engaging, inspiring, and personally meaningful to our audience (Beck et al., 2018). Doing so promotes an understanding of the historical relationship between humans and nature, and can inform conservation efforts, land management strategies, and sustainable practices. However, as we ponder the integrity of our past and present narratives, could it be that Edward Hyams’ insight holds a mirror to our current treatment of Earth, where Earth is equivalent to the railway station?

References:

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: for a better world. Sagamore Venture. 

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The Interconnectedness of Science and Nature

Science and nature are things that are inexplicably intertwined. Science provides the methodological framework behind nature. Nature interpretation bridges the gap between scientific research and public understanding. Whether measuring bird migration, population census, or the molecular makeup of a mushroom, interpretation translates the intricacies of science into something we can all comprehend. Scientific knowledge should be accessible to everyone and that is where nature interpretation takes its role.

When interpreting science, it’s important that we remain conscious of the words we use. “Jargon” is a term used to describe the unnecessarily complicated language that scientific professionals often use. This can act as an ‘othering’ of the outside world, keeping those who are not worthy of understanding out. In 2020, a study conducted by Shulman et al. split up 650 participants into groups that were asked to read paragraphs with varying levels of scientific jargon and then rate their experience. Those who read jargon-heavy text said they were less likely to seek out further information and that they are not good at science (Shulman et al., 2020). Thus, the use of jargon discourages people from learning and seeking out academic material. This, I feel, is exactly what we should be trying to avoid as scientists and interpreters. What purpose does research give if only a select group can understand the findings? The goal of researchers and educators should be to widen their audience, not narrow it.

In my own life, nature and science converge frequently. When out in nature I am always using my knowledge of how these beautiful things come to be and how they reproduce and grow. Having a background in biology helps me appreciate the complexity of nature. I can understand how two seemingly unrelated species or processes complement each other in a symbiotic relationship, allowing me to cherish the interconnectedness of the natural world. Likewise, learning about science has given me the skills to think critically about the world around me. This is a very important skill to have and certainly comes in handy when interpreting nature. Critical thinking allows me to approach nature with curiosity and leads me to think beyond the face value of a simple sunset. Lastly, being aware of my actions and how they affect the environment is something that I consider to be crucial for someone who considers themself a “nature lover”. Can one truly appreciate nature without considering how their actions may have harm against it? We are in a time of over-consumption that is hard to escape but being aware of what is in the products we consume and making conscious decisions to modify them is a small step that we can all be taking. Hopefully, by educating ourselves about our impact on the environment we will feel a need to take responsibility, whether that’s by doing further research, consuming less or switching to more sustainable options, or participating in citizen science initiatives.

Shulman, H. C., Dixon, G. N., Bullock, O. M., & Colón Amill, D. (2020). The effects of jargon on processing fluency, self-perceptions, and scientific engagement. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 39(5–6), 579–597. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927x20902177

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Hi Uma, 

I enjoyed reading your blog post and I thought it provided an interesting perspective that I can relate with myself. Your reflection on the interconnection that exists between science and nature and the importance of accessible scientific knowledge highlights an ongoing challenge within the scientific community. However, while simplifying scientific jargon is crucial for wider public engagement, I think it’s also essential to acknowledge why it’s still implemented. While I agree that overly technical language can alienate non-specialists, one can argue that a certain level of complexity is inherent to scientific concepts. For instance, terms like “DNA replication” or “Autotroph” might seem daunting at first but are foundational in one’s understanding. Moreover, simplifications can sometimes turn into oversimplification, potentially diluting the depth and precision of the findings. While the inclusion of jargon may pose some difficulties for non-specialists, it’s worth questioning whether exhaustive explanations for every scientific term would enhance accessibility. Lengthy papers may overwhelm readers seeking straightforward answers, potentially leading to more discouragement.  Therefore, I think the challenge lies not in eliminating jargon altogether but in finding a balance between accessibility and accuracy. Similar challenges happen within nature interpretation as well. Just as scientific researchers may unknowingly distance themselves from wider audiences through complex terminology, nature interpreters face the delicate task of translating intricate ecological concepts into accessible narratives. That being said, do you think there’s a possibility that the scientific community could draw inspiration from techniques used in nature interpretation to enhance communication practices? Sam Ham’s thematic interpretation approach, for instance, offers a framework that creates a cohesive narrative that highlights the interconnectedness of scientific concepts (Beck et al., 2018).  By developing overarching themes, researchers can contextualize complex ideas with relatable narratives, fostering a deeper understanding amongst a broader audience (Beck et al., 2018). The TORE model can also provide a structured approach, and can potentially ensure communication remains accessible and compelling (Beck et al., 2018).  Incorporating analogies, visual aids, and some interactive elements can also enhance comprehension without sacrificing the depth of the science. 

References:

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: for a better world. Sagamore Venture.

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Unit 05 - Breaking Barriers: Fostering Inclusive Naturalist Programs

In our modern era, where environmental concerns loom over our conscience and the call for conservation grows louder, community participation in nature and scientific endeavors emerges as a beacon of hope. The observed increase in ecological knowledge, scientific skills, and sense of environmental stewardship amongst participants, underscores the benefits of the naturalist programs (Merenlender et al., 2016). However, as we delve into the complexities of naturalist programs, we encounter barriers that are vital for their success. A study conducted by Merenlender al. (2016) sheds light on these barriers, prompting readers to ponder the future of nature interpretation through the lens of science. The study acknowledges an array of obstacles that obstruct the path of diverse community engagement in naturalist programs and citizen science initiatives. From time constraints and financial burdens to a lack of science education and feelings of exclusion, these barriers cast limitations on the inclusivity of such programs (Merenlender et al., 2016). Moreover, the paper highlights the stark underrepresentation of certain demographics, where participation is often skewed towards older, white, and more affluent individuals (Merenlender et al., 2016). If you haven’t noticed already, these barriers bring us back to one of our previous prompts concerning privilege, where some individuals carry an invisible backpack full of unearned assets ranging from special provisions to tools (Gallavan, 2005). The insights Merenlender and colleagues (2016) provide serve as a wake-up call, reminding us of the urgent need for inclusive naturalist programs.

 When we consider the research conducted by Wals and colleagues (2014), we’re confronted by more than just a study; it’s an exploration of the innovative solutions that can tackle the barriers hindering inclusive naturalist programs. Their study introduces the concept of “edible gardens” in schools, a multifaceted approach that involves diverse societal actors and offers students immersive, hands-on learning experiences. By delving into the advantages of creating an edible garden, Wals and colleagues (2014) implicitly address some of the core obstacles outlined in Merenlender et al.’s (2016) study. These gardens act beyond green spaces; they become a dynamic learning environment where scientific knowledge intertwines with community engagement. This approach is noteworthy in its ability to dismantle barriers such as the lack of access to nature and the limited opportunities for practical learning. By engaging various stakeholders, from educators to local communities, this model offers a solution that promotes inclusivity and bridges the gap between science and community engagement. Moreover, tools like information and communication technology (ICT) supported citizen science projects, emerge as a powerful tool for overcoming obstacles related to time constraints and financial burdens by providing accessible and interactive platforms for participation (Wals et al., 2014). Wals and colleagues’ (2014) research underscores the importance of collaborative efforts in addressing systemic barriers to inclusive naturalist programs and citizen science initiatives. By fostering partnerships between scientists, educators, and the public, this can create avenues for meaningful engagement and bridge the gap between science and society. It empowers participants to become active agents of change within their communities and fosters a sense of stewardship over environmental issues. 

References: 

Gallavan, N. P. (2005). Helping teachers unpack their "invisible knapsacks". Multicultural Education, 13(1), 36. https://link-gale-com.subzero.lib.uoguelph.ca/apps/doc/A137921591/AONE?u=guel77241&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=9fe2f151  

Merenlender, A. M., Crall, A. W., Drill, S., Prysby, M., & Ballard, H. (2016). Evaluating Environmental Education, Citizen Science, and Stewardship through Naturalist Programs. Conservation Biology, 30(6), 1255–1265. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12737 

Wals, A. E., Brody, M., Dillon, J., & Stevenson, R. B. (2014). Convergence between science and environmental education. Science, 344(6184), 583–584. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1250515

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Art within nature

"Art is in the eye of the beholder." 

― E.A. Bucchianeri

This quote represents the role of art, which provides a medium for people to enjoy, learn, and interpret on their own. Interpreting nature works similarly, we observe its beauty and interpret it uniquely. 

When reflecting on the readings, I realized that nature interpreters help people view nature as art. This specific sentence stood out to me, "An interpreter assists people as they move through these stages so that eventually the individual will not only perceive beauty in spectacular mountain scenery but also will find beauty and inspiration in tall-grass prairies and tidal flats as well" (Beck et al., 2018). This sentence describes the role nature interpreters have, to provide a new outlook on nature in all its beauty, regardless of whether it is a beautiful waterfall or flowers in a neighbour's garden. It gives people a new perspective and allows them to appreciate the gift of beauty provided by nature.

"The gift of beauty" is not a physical gift, but rather, it is a concept that goes beyond mere visual appeal, encompassing the sensory, emotional, and intellectual aspects of human experience within nature (Beck et al., 2018). My interpretation of the gift of beauty is seeing animals and plants interact with one another in an ecosystem. I enjoy seeing the invisible threads holding them together and admiring the art they produce. My most recent appreciation is from my trip to Florida during the winter break. I visited New Smyrna Beach and walked along the trail surrounding the natural dunes. It was the first time I had ever seen sand dunes, so it was a really amazing experience.

I got to see turtles bathing in the sun, sitting right above their nests. Their nests were made by digging tunnels in the natural sand dunes. I believe that the plants growing within the sand provide enough support so the sand doesn't come crashing down on the turtle below. The combination of the natural forces of the wind creating sand dunes and the turtles using it as a home really brought attention to the symbiosis. Additionally, sandpipers were strolling along the beach, foraging little insects they found when the tide rolled out. A relationship between animals and nature that can give insight into the world's beauty. The sand dunes were an amazing sight to see because I could spot the wind patterns within the sand. You could see waves in the sand from where the wind blew, creating a beautiful piece of art onto the natural canvas.

I think I noticed many of these details because I have had the privilege of learning about animals, plants, and nature in school. I can appreciate the little things nature has to offer and notice the art it provides. It is now my responsibility to point it out to others. To show others examples of beauty and to allow them to interpret it in the way they desire. "Interpretation is art, being able to relay information to inspire others" (Beck et al., 2018).

I have attached pictures of the sand dunes, I hope you guys enjoy seeing it just as much as I did :) 

References

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2019). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For A Better World. Sagamore Publishing.

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Hi Lea, 

I enjoyed reading your blog post and I thought it provided an interesting perspective on how one interprets nature through art! Your description of the sand dunes and the symbiotic relationship between the turtles, plants, and sandpipers paints a vivid picture of the intricate beauty that often goes unnoticed in the natural world. This relates closely to Eliot Porter’s observation, that nature’s true beauty lies not just in its brilliant colors but in the intricate disorder and quiet processes and patterns that shape our world (Beck et al., 2018). However, while it’s true that both art and nature offer rich layers of meaning and beauty, I believe there’s an additional layer to consider when it comes to interpreting nature through an artistic lens. Just as art interpreters seek to communicate various relationships of time, place, and relevance in a painting, so do interpreters of nature, who aim to uncover the intricate connections and narrative embedded within the natural landscape (Beck et al., 2018). Therefore, I believe that when looking at a landscape or observing wildlife, we’re looking into a complex story of ecological interactions, geological history, and human influence. For example, when we gaze at a forest, we’re not just seeing a collection of trees; we’re witnessing the culmination of centuries of growth, decay, and regeneration. Similarly, when observing migratory birds flying, we’re not only admiring their beauty, but we’re also contemplating the challenges of migration, the importance of habitat conservation, and human influence. Therefore, from my perspective, based on the pictures you provided, (which are beautiful by the way!) I can’t help but wonder what other complex natural processes, ecological interactions, and human influences are taking place on the seemingly tranquil landscape of New Smyrna Beach. That being said, your experience is a reminder that art isn’t confined to galleries or museums; it’s alive and thriving in the natural world, but it's just waiting to be discovered by those who dare to look beyond the surface. This is why I agree that as individuals who have the privilege of learning about all things nature, it's our task to take the gift of beauty and use it to encourage individuals to nurture a love for nature and inspire future stewards to protect and preserve its treasures.

References: 

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: for a better world. Sagamore Venture.

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Interpreting Nature: The Universal Language of Art

Amid today’s bustling modern life, it’s easy to overlook the subtle symphonies playing out in nature’s theater. When granted the chance to walk through a lush forest amidst our busy schedules, one might immediately notice the vibrant hues of flowers or the towering trees with vast canopies. However, the intricate patterns and gentle processes often go unnoticed. As Eliot Porter observed, nature’s true beauty lies not just in its colors but in the intricate disorder that shapes our world, from tumultuous waters to delicate entangled vegetation (Beck et al., 2018). Nature encompasses a vast canvas, embracing theater, poetry, music, dance, and visual arts. Artists, per Jay Griffiths, have the power to evoke sympathy and empathy within the heart of their audience, beyond their mediums (Beck et al., 2018). But, who are we to interpret nature through art? One can say we are humans, curious seekers of beauty and the unknown; nature guides striving to turn information into inspiration. Yet, interpreting nature through art extends beyond humanity alone. Birds communicate through music and dance, expressing joy, sorrow, and desires that we perceive as mere symphonies. Even beneath the waves, amidst the vast expanse of the ocean, dolphins and whales interpret music through intricate harmonies not just for communication but also for echolocation. So interpreting nature through art must go beyond simply being human. I think that we are interpreters with a combination of cognitive, emotional, and cultural contexts, who seek to communicate a deeper understanding and appreciation of the natural world to our audience. Beyond depicting landscapes, we aim to explore themes like biodiversity, conservation, and sustainability. Through art, we strive to evoke emotional responses, provoke thought, and inspire action to protect and preserve the natural world. This aligns with Tilden’s Gift of Beauty, which goes beyond aesthetic appreciation, and instead instills a sense of responsibility for the world we inhabit. Growing up in Toronto, my journey toward appreciating nature’s beauty has been a transformative one. Exploring the unknown woods initially filled my younger self with feelings of fear and danger. However, amidst those emotions, seeds of curiosity were planted, eventually blossoming into a profound appreciation for the wonders of the natural world. It’s perhaps why I find myself studying environmental science today. As the textbook suggests, urban children who once felt terrified of the mysteries within the woods often emerged as protectors of these very resources, once they’ve been exposed to its secrets through first-hand interpretive experiences (Beck et al., 2018). Therefore, I believe that the gift of beauty is about nurturing a love for nature and inspiring future stewards to protect and preserve its treasures. In pursuit of the gift of beauty, we are reminded that nature through art, in its various forms, is not a privilege reserved for humanity alone, but a universal language that binds us to our surroundings. Through our interpretations, we strive to make the voice of nature heard, from its whispering breeze to its thundering waterfalls. So, who are we to interpret nature through art? We are humble participants in a timeless dialogue with an invitation to listen, learn, protect, and appreciate nature’s beauty in all its forms. 

References: 

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: for a better world. Sagamore Venture.

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Blog 3: Defining privilege in nature interpretation

Hi! Welcome to blog 3,

According to Oxford Dictionary privilege is defined as “a special right, advantage, or immunity granted or available only to a particular person or group” lets take this definition and bring it into the perspective of nature interpretation. Privilege will generally affect people in the factors of education, socio-economic status and culture/community. 

In the context of nature interpretation, privilege can indeed influence individuals based on factors such as education, socio-economic status, and culture/community. Let's explore how: 

Education: Individuals with a higher level of education may have a more in-depth understanding of ecological systems, biodiversity, and environmental issues ( this does not discount the knowledge of individuals without higher level education, there are more methods of learning than academia). They might appreciate the intricacies of nature on a more profound level due to formal education in the sciences or related fields. Nature interpreters need to recognize varying levels of environmental knowledge among visitors. Privilege in education might manifest in a more nuanced appreciation of ecological complexities, allowing for more advanced and specialized discussions during interpretive programs. 

Socio-Economic Status: Those with higher socio-economic status may have the means to access and explore natural spaces more frequently. They might afford outdoor gear, travel expenses, or participate in activities like guided nature tours, which can enhance their connection with nature. Nature interpreters should be aware of economic barriers that some visitors may face. Creating inclusive programs that cater to diverse economic backgrounds ensures that everyone, regardless of financial status, has the opportunity to engage meaningfully with nature. 

Culture/Community: Different cultures may have unique perspectives on nature, influenced by traditions, beliefs, or practices. Those with a cultural background (Indigenous communities for example) emphasizing environmental stewardship may already possess a deep connection to and respect for nature. Nature interpreters must be culturally sensitive and recognize the diversity of perspectives. Acknowledging and incorporating various cultural viewpoints enriches the interpretation experience, fostering inclusivity and understanding among visitors from different backgrounds. 

In essence, understanding and addressing privilege in nature interpretation involves tailoring programs to accommodate diverse levels of education, socio-economic backgrounds, and cultural influences. By doing so, interpreters can ensure that the beauty and knowledge of nature are accessible and appreciated by a broad spectrum of individuals, regardless of their privileges. 

I didn't have too much to say on this topic and will be happy to see what others think. :)

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Hello, 

I enjoyed reading your blog post and I thought it provided an interesting perspective on how privilege is interconnected with nature interpretation! Discussing privilege related to education, socioeconomic status, and culture/community prompts us to delve deeper into the complexities surrounding this concept. It provides an opportunity to question the systemic barrier that underlies these privileges amongst others.  

The very notion of privilege, which can also be defined as individuals who have an invisible backpack full of unearned assets ranging from special provisions to tools; suggests the inherent inequality that is ingrained within societal structures (Gallavan, 2005). Unfortunately, as suggested by Peggy McIntosh, those who are born into privilege often fail to recognize their advantage and may even deny them when acknowledged (Gallavan, 2005). Take education for example, while it undoubtedly plays a significant role in shaping one's perspective on nature, an interpreter needs to realize that access to quality education itself is not evenly distributed, and creates a cycle where certain groups are systematically disadvantaged in their understanding and appreciation of the natural world. Similarly, while a higher socioeconomic status can afford greater access to nature, it is crucial to question why such disparities exist in the first place. Since privilege permeates every aspect of nature interpretation by shaping access, participation, and engagement with the natural world, interpreters must first acknowledge their own privileges that shape their perspective and interaction with nature and people. From there, interpreters will be able to confront these systemic barriers and offer an opportunity to reconstruct interpretation programs through an inclusive lens. With this in mind, moving forward I think it would be interesting to tackle these questions: 

What is the role of privilege in shaping the current narratives and perspectives presented in nature interpretation programs? How can interpreters critically examine their own biases and assumptions to create more inclusive interpretation programs?

What collaborative approaches can be employed to prioritize community opinions and perspectives in the development of interpretive programs? 

Reference:

Gallavan, N. P. (2005). Helping teachers unpack their "invisible knapsacks". Multicultural Education, 13(1), 36. https://link-gale-com.subzero.lib.uoguelph.ca/apps/doc/A137921591/AONE?u=guel77241&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=9fe2f151 

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Unit 03: The Unseen Thread of Privilege

On our journey as interpreters navigating the multifaceted world of nature interpretation, we must take a step back and acknowledge the hidden thread that lies within us, woven intricately throughout our life experiences; such as the thread of privilege. Similar to an unseen current that shapes the course of a river, privilege flows quietly beneath the surface, heavily shaping how one interprets, perceives, and engages with the natural world. 

In my perspective, privilege, in its simplest form, can be defined as the unearned societal advantages/benefits bestowed upon certain individuals based on aspects ranging from race and gender to class and socioeconomic status. It's a double-edged sword that on the one hand, provides opportunities to certain individuals while on the other hand, simultaneously further marginalizes others. Additionally, Peggy McIntosh, suggests that those who are born into privilege often fail to recognize their advantage and may even deny them when acknowledged (Gallavan, 2005). Therefore, nature interpreters must become aware of their own privileges and acknowledge the dynamics and implications of privilege when creating or promoting certain strategies/methods. 

That being said, reflecting on my own identity, I must acknowledge the thread of privilege that shapes my perspective on nature interpretation. As a middle-class individual, fluent in English and French, attending university to pursue my desired program and having the security of a comfortable lifestyle with access to basic necessities, I am aware of the privileges inherent in my background. 

With that in mind, privilege can manifest itself in multifaceted ways, and in the realm of nature interpretation, it's the role of the interpreters to identify and prevent the barriers. Economic privilege, relating to the Marginality theory highlights the economic disparities as significant barriers to affording or accessing interpretive sites, hence excluding certain groups from nature interpretation experiences (Beck et al., 2018). Therefore, to prevent this economic barrier, it must be eliminated or reconstructed, by providing things like transportation or by bringing the interpretation to the people via technology, etc. (Beck et al., 2018). Besides economic privilege, cultural privilege, relating to the Ethnicity theory, and communication privilege, can influence overall participation in interpretive programs as well. Cultural privilege can shape one's perception of outdoor activities and environments (e.g. camping) and communication privilege can restrict meaningful engagement with natural resources for non-native speakers (Beck et al., 2018). However, this barrier can be dealt with by inviting, including, and involving minority populations and by implementing communication strategies that are inclusive of multiple languages and mediums (Beck et al., 2018). However, it's important to note that privilege does not end there; physical/cognitive ability, gender, racial, educational, and geographic privileges among many more also exist. 

All in all, privilege in nature interpretation challenges society to confront systemic issues and offers an opportunity to reimagine interpretation practices through an inclusive lens. Privilege permeates every aspect of nature interpretation by shaping overall access, participation, and engagement with the natural world, hence why interpreters must acknowledge and address its various forms to prevent the unseen thread of privilege from continuing to flow quietly beneath the surface. 

References: 

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: for a better world. Sagamore Venture.

Gallavan, N. P. (2005). Helping teachers unpack their "invisible knapsacks". Multicultural Education, 13(1), 36. https://link-gale-com.subzero.lib.uoguelph.ca/apps/doc/A137921591/AONE?u=guel77241&sid=bookmark-AONE&xid=9fe2f151

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Rucu Pichinchia

I’ve been loving the idea of a career as an environmental interpreter recently and I know exactly the role I’d want… Expedition Guide for Rucu Pichincha, an enormous stratovolcano in Ecuador. I did this hike, all the way to the top, at 11 YEARS OLD. Absolutely amazing, unforgettable experience but now that I am learning about environmental interpretation, I feel like I missed a lot of the hike because I was busy complaining about how hard it is, catching my breath, and debating quitting. If I were to go again, which I hope I get the chance to, I think a guide, an environmental interpreter, would allow me to maximize this experience. For example, if I were the interpreter and I noticed my group struggling, I would point out the plants that are able to grow at such harsh conditions that we are currently struggling in such as the varying temperatures, wind, high altitude. I would hand out cards that have various plants we will see on them and spotting the plant on the card you’ve been given becomes a game that encourages observation and interpretation of the natural world around them. When a person finds the plant, they can choose for their fellow climbers to call them that for the remainder of the climb. This activity is for those with interpersonal intelligence as it promotes an opportunity to interact with those around them (Beck et al., 2018). They could also have an interactive map to follow based on checkpoints such as symbols, landscape views, animals, along the climb. This will help greatly in terms of spatial intelligence because it will allow them to conceptualize this long, seemingly never-ending climb onto a smaller scale (Beck et al., 2018).

“Interpreters lead, enable, and encourage. Interpreters educate. Interpreters entertain. Interpreters inform. But most of all, interpreters enrich recreational experiences with substance and a sense of personal fulfillment” (Beck et al., 2018). On a challenging climb up Rucu Pichincha, an interpreter must have well-developed skills in communication, leadership, and patience. A sense of humour is valuable as it serves as a distraction from the physical challenges. My family and I love travelling and every interpreter we’ve had has had a sense of humour which I tie to the overall experience.

Being a motivational force and building connections with the climbers contributes towards a positive environment. It is up to the interpreter to lead the group however understanding that each climber progresses at a different pace is essential.c If someone is lagging behind due to the difficulty of the climb, the interpreter should join them and offer a distraction.

These skills are fundamental to creating a more enjoyable environment for the climbers and ensuring they look around them and take in the unique beauty of Rucu Pichincha.

BRB... going to check Indeed for this exact job posting.

Here are some pictures from my climb up Rucu Pichincha in 2015...

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: For a better world (1st ed.). Sagamore Publishing.

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Hello, 

I thoroughly enjoyed reading your blog post about your passion for a career as an environmental interpreter, particularly as an Expedition Guide for Rucu Pichincha in Ecuador. Your personal experience of conquering this stratovolcano at the young age of 11 (props to you by the way!) and reflecting on it through the lens of environmental interpretation was very captivating! 

I found that your approach resonates with several of Tilden’s principles including the Gift of Story and the Gift of Passion, which appeal to the imagination, give life to the facts, and provoke emotions (Beck et al., 2018). In addition, your emphasis on creating a positive environment, building connections, and instilling a sense of humor during this tough trek aligns with Sam Ham’s principles of thematic interpretations specifically the TORE model. Therefore, these activities not only engage climbers in the environment but also promote observation, personal interpretation, and a deeper connection with nature.  

However, I’d like to challenge your perspective by considering the accessibility aspect. While your focus on the physical challenges of the climb is valid, it’s crucial to address the needs of individuals who may be physically or financially incapable of trekking but still have a keen interest in learning about Rucu Pichincha.  In line with Mills’ idea of nature guiding being more inspirational than informational, you might consider incorporating alternative methods for those unable to participate. This could include developing virtual tours, educational videos, or interactive online platforms that allow people to explore and learn about Rucu Pichincha from the comfort of their homes. This way, you can extend the reach of your interpretation to a broader audience, including those with certain limitations, regardless of the medium. 

Great post overall!

Reference:

Beck, L., Cable, T. T., & Knudson, D. M. (2018). Interpreting cultural and natural heritage: for a better world. Sagamore Venture.

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Bridging Urbanization and Nature: The Role of an Environmental Interpreter

Living in Toronto, a bustling urban landscape has made me acutely aware of the delicate balance between urbanization and nature. I’ve witnessed the notable trend of urbanization as human populations migrate from rural to urban areas as economic opportunities in the city grow. This has led me to raise questions like “What are the multifaceted environmental costs of urbanization on both biotic and abiotic entities, and how does this compromise the well-being of us humans? Or why is environmental conservation becoming more important as urbanization expands?” As an environmental science student, questions like these are partially answered when learning the history, interactions, and theories related to our planet. However, I’ve recognized that not everyone is aware of such information, hence why my ideal role as an environmental interpreter would be one where I can bridge the gap between scientific knowledge and public awareness. Doing so can potentially help the public foster a deep appreciation for nature and drive sustainable movements. 

This role would ideally be situated in diverse and ecologically rich environments, such as different national parks, where I can immerse myself in nature’s wonders. This location would allow for hands-on field research and close interactions with the ecosystems and the species I aim to protect and conserve. That being said, scientific knowledge and research are generally classified as dull, dry facts full of jargon, unfavorable to an interpreter trying to gain public understanding to promote sustainable movements. However, as Mills suggests, a nature guide aims to prioritize inspiration over information and strives for restful, recreational, and intellectually stimulating experiences (Beck et al., 2018). Therefore, I would embrace Sam Ham’s thematic interpretation approach by developing overarching themes that highlight the interconnectedness of urbanization and the environment and utilize the TORE model (Thermatic, Organized, Relevant, Enjoyable) to structure interpretive messages for diverse audiences (Beck et al., 2018). In addition, applying Cornell’s “Flow Learning” model could be instrumental in my interpretive approach. Crafting activities that progress through stages of awakening enthusiasm, focused attention, direct experiences, and sharing inspiration can create a powerful and memorable experience for visitors, enough to create a movement toward potential environmental sustainability (Beck et al., 2018).

With that in mind, this role requires a diverse skill set, including expertise in ecosystems and conservation practices, data gathering, and analysis. Creative and adaptive communication skills to convey scientific information to diverse audiences using a variety of engaging mediums.  An understanding of the learning domains and styles, incorporating activities that engage participants emotionally, intellectually, and kinesthetically, ensuring that the interpretative methods cater to the preferences of various individuals. 

Diving deeper into this ideal role, I found that although it would resonate with the majority of the set of principles and associated gifts presented in the textbook, the gift of illumination through technology can prove to be beneficial in the lens of conservation. Leveraging modern technology, such as interactive exhibits, virtual reality, or engaging apps, can enhance the interpretative experience, making scientific concepts/facts accessible and captivating for a wider audience and occasionally allowing the scene to interpret itself. This approach would protect and preserve current at-risk ecosystems that can’t accommodate further human stressors. Thus, hopefully, by embarking on this ideal role as an interpreter, I alongside others, can contribute to the preservation and sustainable coexistence of our expanding cities and the natural world.