aqa psychology unit 2 @as-psyc2-blog - Tumblr Blog

That 12 marker was ridiculous

Yes it was! I really disliked it. But I wrote about Friedman and Rosenman's study

aaliyah-things said: Worst exam ever.

Yup. I really hated the 12 marker especially :(

Hi, your page is so helpful. I was just wondering if you had any further more detailed notes on the sympathomedullary pathway and the pituitary adrenal system? (probably spelt them wrong haha) x

I don’t really have much detailed notes on that but I did add a different version on the original post. Thank you! :)

#ask

How did you find that exam?

Ah... thank you :-D

You’re welcome!

#ask

What was Moscovici study?

Minority Influence- His study was when they called the blue slides green

Full details here

Checklist

Checklist:

Stress:

Body's response (two pathways- sympatho-medullary/hypothalamus pituitary)

Workplace stress/Lack of control (Marmot civil servants + Johansson sawmill workers)

Life changes (Rahe et al) and daily hassles

Stress-related illness (Kiecolt-Glaser med students + Cohen's cold)

Behaviour type + cardiovascular (Friedman + Rosenman type A)

Therapies:

Psychological: SIT

Biological: Drugs

Social Influence:

Conformity (Asch's line)

Obedience (Milgram's shock experiment)

Types of conformity (compliance/internalisation)

Independent behaviour (resisting obedience + conformity, locus of control)

Minority influence (snowball effect, Moscovici)

Abnormality:

Definitions (FFA, etc)

Approaches (biological, behavioural, cognitive, psychodynamic)

Therapies:

-Psychological: Systematic Desensitisation (changing irrational thoughts), psychoanalysis, CBT (cognitive behavioural)

-Biological: ECT (shock), Drugs

#revision #psychology

how would you answer " outline and evaluate research into the relationship between stress related illness and the immune system"

You could outline and evaluate both Cohen et al and Kiecolt-Glasers studies.

#ask

Hey, thought I'd message you as your links to 'biological' and 'social' don't seem to be working :(

Thanks! Fixed

#ask

The notes for unit 2 are now complete!

I hope you use them well :)

#psychology #alevel #a level

Stress - Physiological Therapy - Evaluation of Drugs

Strengths

it is very effective when used in placebo conditions. Hildalgo conducted a meta-analysis and found that BZs were more effective than other drugs to reduce anxiety

effective when used with psychological treatments and alternative treatments that target source of stress

it requires very little effort from patient compared to psychological methods, which means the patient is more likely to continue treatment.

beta blockers act directly on the heart so its rapid and life-saving for some

Weaknesses

treats symptoms rather than targeting actual source of problem. the effects of the drug only last as long as the person takes the drug

may get addicted to it and exhibit withdrawal symptoms when they drop taking it. it's not recommended for long term use

side effects of BZs: aggressiveness, memory impairment

#psychology #alevel #a levels #physiological #therapy #drugs #evaluation #revision #physiological therapy

Stress - Physiological Therapy - Drugs (Benzodiazepines + Beta blockers)

Benzodiazepines

Examples: librium, valium (anti-anxiety) and mogadon (sleeping pills)

benzodiazepines increase the action of the neurotransmitter GABA, which reduces activity of other pathways throughout the brain.

this means benzodiazepines produce inhibition (holding back) of neurotransmitter activity.

there is evidence that the suppression of noradrenaline and serotonin is particularly important for anti-anxiety and anti-stress effects

Beta-blockers

reduce the activity of adrenaline and noradrenaline, part of the sympatho-medullary response

they can prevent some cardiovascular problems related to stress

reduce activity of adrenaline and noradrenaline by binding receptions on cells to the heats and body parts stimulated by arousal

by blocking these receptors, its harder to stimulate these cells therefore the heart beats slower, with less force and blood pressure falls

the person feels calmer and less anxious

#psychology #stress #physiological #therapy #a level #alevel #drugs #benzodiazepines #biological psychology #beta blockers #physiological therapy

Stress - Therapy - CBT (Cognitive behavioural therapy)

Stress inoculation training

Conceptualisation - client identifies sources of stress in their life. encouraged to keep a diary of stressful encounters

Skills training - usually specific eg. for anxiety, they can be shown how to improve their social communication perhaps through breathing in and out deeply

Application in real world - after practice and relaxation techniques, client is then encouraged to apply this to the real world. therapist continues to monitor them. the client should learn through experience by reflecting on their successes/failures of new skills. further training may be undertaken if necessary

#psychology #alevel #a levels #stress #therapy #therapies #cbt #cognitive behavioural therapy #sti #stress inoculation training #revision #biological psychology

Stress - Personality - Evaluation of Friedman and Rosenman's study

Limitations

used structured interviews which pressured participants to answer even if they gave incorrect answers

Type A/B personalities are too simplistic. People may choose characteristics that don't reflect them. This affects validity

There is a lack of consistent research support (Ragland and Brown) who did a follow-up study and found no link between personality and heart disease. There isn't a strong correlation between the two which may challenge the claim that personality is a major risk factor.

as a correlation analysis was used, a cause and effect relationship cannot be established. Did the cardiovascular disease cause the personality or vice versa.

#psychology #a level #alevels #personality #stress #friedman and rosenman #evaluation #revision #biological psychology

Stress - Personality - Friedman and Rosenman

studied the behaviour of patients with cardiovascular disease

Method

8 year longitudinal study

interviewed 3200 men and identified them as either, Type A, B or X

assessed their health outcomes and lifestyle

other aspects eg. smoking and obesity were controlled

Findings

almost 300/3200 men went on to develop cardiovascular disease

70% were Type A

concluded that Type A increased the vulnerability to getting a cardiovascular disease

#psychology #alevel #a levels #study #stress #personality #personality types #friedman and rosenman #cardiovascular disorder #cardiovascular disease #revision #biological psychology

Stress - Personality Types

Type A - competitive, impatient, aggressive

Type B - relaxed, patient, friendly

Hardy personality - have high control of lives, committed, see stressors as challenges to overcome

#psychology a level #psychology #a level #stress #personality #personality types #revision #biological psychology

Stress - Definitions

Daily hassles - minor irritating daily experiences that occur eg. losing keys

Uplifts - minor positive experiences that occur in everyday life that counter the negative effects of daily hassles eg. receiving a compliment

Life changes - major event that require a significant adjustment in a persons life eg. divorce, death

#psychology #alevel #a levels #definition #daily hassle #uplifts #life changes #stress #biological psychology

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aqa psychology unit 2