Btw feel free to use my fuck around and find out pride flags for this month(I’ll have to get the OG pride flag made up along with the updated progressive flag, but here’s there’s for the time being)
One Nice Bug Per Day
NASA
taylor price

★
No title available
AnasAbdin
wallacepolsom
Game of Thrones Daily

祝日 / Permanent Vacation
art blog(derogatory)

shark vs the universe
Sade Olutola

Love Begins
Aqua Utopia|海の底で記憶を紡ぐ

Andulka
ojovivo
No title available

#extradirty

oozey mess
dirt enthusiast
seen from United States

seen from Germany
seen from United States

seen from Türkiye
seen from United States

seen from Brazil

seen from Mexico

seen from China
seen from Malaysia
seen from United States
seen from United States
seen from Brazil

seen from Brazil
seen from Canada
seen from United States
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seen from Spain
seen from Ukraine

seen from Ukraine

seen from Canada
@datgreenmonstah
Btw feel free to use my fuck around and find out pride flags for this month(I’ll have to get the OG pride flag made up along with the updated progressive flag, but here’s there’s for the time being)
STAY SAFE!! [ID: the Gilbert Baker pride flag with the words “Happy pride to all those who are unable to celebrate openly and safely. You are loved and seen!” in all-caps black text over it. /end ID]
Barugon, the kaiju gay icon
I couldn’t find my original illustration I did yrs ago so I recreated it from memory.
Always had a spot for barugon.
Happy pride month everyone!🌈
Now I have made tiny oguri cap for bff as well as tiny golshi and will now make biwa hiyahide before sending them off!
Finally, I have the ability to attain the Urara’s I have always wanted and add them to my collection.
This pleases me to no end
They finally came! I’m so happy! These plushies were the reason I made these Urara plushies in the first place, I have been hoping to own one, so I’m excited to have two!
They’re so chonky but I still have made the smallest one.
I finally figured out the patterns for Haru Urara’s tack(roughly) for my Urara inspired bag.
I’m gonna have to wait till next month to print it, but it’s ready!
Finally had some wind today
Swine
Got bored, made a video of a rat tailed maggot to aphex twin’s window licker
Made a tiny goldship for a friend with removable tack, very tedious to handsew
Last video before its paintined, added onto the mane for better fur texture/better hiding of the head band etc.
tomorrow it gets painted and eyes added finally before being completely done.
Wanted to show a better video of the detail and how everything looks when moving
I dunno if I ever attached this but there’s been a tutorial out for those interested in attempting to make your own.
McCalls Pikachu Plush 2512 Sewing Pattern
This thing has been out of print for like, 26 years and some of us want to make chubby classic pikachu so uh... I figure it's okay to share bc it's kinda hard to get your hands on the remaining physical copies.
Bonus points: Aelith made some embroidery/applique files for it too
This is FREE, please don't pay for the pattern.
Only the EMBROIDERY is paid.
Remade by AeilithArt so that we could use the pattern without like, destroying it. It's not exact since it's trace, but it's p much the same
I have now made all the pikachu for my partner, my bff and for myself.
I like how different they all turned out
I feel like mine(the last one) needs a cigarette while going “eh girl”
The founding manager of rock band Evanescence claims he was fired after reporting that Tait assaulted him. An Evanescence co-founder denies
Never forget that the founding manager of Evanescence was drugged and SA by Michael Tait of DC talk and when he confided in his band mates about the incident he was eventually kicked out of the band because of tait’s connection and influence on evanescence.
I used to be a fan of both bands(eventually losing my interest with dc talk because of becoming non religious), but after learning about this I’ve lost my interest with evanescence.
Finally, I have the ability to attain the Urara’s I have always wanted and add them to my collection.
This pleases me to no end
Theropod Facial structure theory
I have been trying to write this paper out so many times and the lack of funds to hire an editor/publish as well as getting this organized in a fashion that's considered proper for a scientific paper has caused me to hit so many walls, not including the learning disabilities that have made this worse to get this out. So i'm doing this to get what information i've been gathering since 2018.
looking at young corvid images of their open mouth, they had a lip area in their mouth that the upper beak would overlap and lay in perfectly, this is what started me down the road along with noticing the formina on the sides of theropod faces matched that of goose skulls I saw online. As I had no access to actual specimens in person.
feeling as though waterfowl specimens were the easiest to obtain(they were actually more difficult than thought) as well as being closer to dinosaurs on the evolutionary tree next to ratites, and even living along dinosaurs during the late cretaceous ie presbyornis, they seemed to be the best to study for this.
After obtaining a pair of peking duck and an african goose, from some local farmers that donated them, they were dissected and preserved using techniques learned from taxidermy for study. The specimens had one side of their bills removed while leaving the skin intact on the otherside. One of the peking ducks kept the tissue on both sides, while only one side had the top layer of the epidermis removed, exposing the harder dermis underneath. A noticeable attribute was that before preservation the bills were plump and didn't show any texturing, except for the goose around the back nearest to the corner of the mouth. Once preserved however, the skin on the bills shrank, revealing grooves and texturing where nerves and blood vessels would run.
The sensory organs and nerves that ran in the bills were observed using a candlelight method/ie holding them up to the light.
Tyrannosaurus Juvenile Jane specimen for comparison
The deep grooves and formina on the bill, as well as the formina and grooves that are seen in T.Rex have many similarities, which was the main focus of this study as they're are numerous studies pertaining to their sensory organs. Also something to compare is that there is a distinct row of formina that's more prominent on older crocodiles and alligators along the dentiary similar to that of T.Rex, on both the top and bottom row of the mandibles.
saltwater crocodile head from crocodiledarwin.com and alligator from encyclopediaofarkansas.net
komodo dragon profile view(comparing formina)
Though waterfowl having lamillae cannot be used to compare enamel ware. While crocodiles and alligators have teeth, but are known for not having lips, have ware and tare on their teeth than animals like monitor lizards that have lips as shown in this study using a relative of Tyrannosaurus rex to prove they had some form of lip to protect their tooth enamel.
Science | AAAS
Another observation is that in alligators the bottom row of dentary is tucked under the upper mandible and covered more than in crocodilians. It would be interesting to see the tooth study done with other teeth on both animals, as some of the posterior dentary on the upper mandible can sometimes be seen tucking away in a pocket of skin as protection in some alligators.
Also looking at neonatal alligators shows a depression in the lower jaw area that the upper dentary could sit in, almost as though their reminants of lips
neonatal alligator from natgeo on alligator facial mechanoreceptors
and while alligators and crocodilians seem to have scaling on their face this is just thickened sensitive skin with cracked texturing imitating scales. Bills on waterfowl are also thickened as this allows them to forage in merky waters and plants without damaging their bills. While both animals have thickened skin on their manidbles, it is still a very sensitive part of their body that they use to navigate and explore/manipulate their environment as well as interact with other of their species. While reptiles have less sensitivity and do not share these organs along their faces(the skin sense organ of some iguanian lizards). This could be also a lack of information on the anatomy of reptile skulls and facial structures that could be expanded more for comparison.
However there was a study done on the facial sensitivity of Tyrannosaurus along with alligators
See Complex Neurovascular system in the dentary of Tyrannosaurus
See Despite their thick skins, alligators and crocodiles are surprisingly touchy
and while it took awhile to find and make available, there had been a paper written on a very similar organ within the bills of waterfowl, namely mallard ducks.
See The Morphology and Distribution of Cutaneous Mechanoreceptors(Herbst and Grandry Corpuscles in Bill and Tongue of the Mallard)
And while Monitor lizards and other reptiles share a similar formina pattern, they lack the textured grooves and sensitive organs archosaurs and certain avians share, as well as other anatomical features of moniotor lizard skulls that they share more closely with other reptiles and snakes than they do with the archosaurians and avians.
komodo dragon skull ventral view
Alligator(left) Crocodile(right) ventral views of skulls
Peking Duck skull with bill skin(ventral view)
T.Rex skull ventral view
another observation in many reptile skulls is how the upper and lower dentary interact. While some had teeth that overlapped the lower mandible, there seemed to be somewhere that the teeth met, either at the anterior end of the skull or continually all around, in monitors there was some sort of gap at the anterior portion of the dentary to make way for the tongue to be able to slide in and out without being obstructed too much while allowing the mouth to stay closed. Where as archosaurs and avians the two overlapped one another allowing for a scissoring affect with the teeth, the most noticeable being the anterior end of the mandibles. And while waterfowl lack the dentary that archosaurs and reptiles have, the lamillae still slide past one another similar to what's observed in many theropods, even in non avian dinosaurs. The thought of bone to tooth contact is considered as well, and there can be a sizeable closure without the need for the amount of soft tissue observed in reptiles.
proposed crocodilian like contact of tooth on mandible(top), proposed soft tissue similar to that of monitor lizards(bottom left), new proposed soft tissue without scaled lips(bottom right)
Having soft tissued lips that is similar to that of a waterfowls bill allows for the mechanosensory corpusicules to interact as well as still allows for protection of the tooth enamel.
The way their upper dentary line up with their lower mandibular formina seems to follow the same pattern, compared to reptiles that didn't curve upwards towards the anterior portion of the lower mandible. There's also a possibility of having a nail, like waterfowl, or some large scale, like many other reptiles with dentary, at the anterior ends of the upper and lower manible. This is due to the amount of formina clustering in a pattern like structure similarly seen in both waterfowl and reptiles.
These observations and studies allowed for an idea of how to reconstruct Tyrannosaurus Rex
Juvenile Jane Tyannosaurus Rex skull, with open and closed mouth(top) and reconstructions
Even constructing a physical reconstruction to better observe how the lips and teeth would interact.
Paper mache head reconsturction done in a similar manner to the duck and goose specimens used in this study
Also when reconstructing, and also accounting for tooth slippage, there was an issue with a sizable gap at the anterior end with the front dentary when closing the jaws when attempting to imitate the mouth closing similar to that of previous reconstructions using reptile lips, where as with the more waterfowl skin reconstruction there was less of an issue and also less of an overhanging bottom lip.
Pages from personal study notes
There was also the issue of either exposing the jaw muscles similar to how crocodilians, alligators, and other reptiles are observed to have, or to cover it in skin like birds. One of the arguments is that the mouth wouldn't be able to open to the extent allosaurians and tyrannosaurus are able to open their mouths. When there are several avian species with skin over the area that can very well open their mouths just as wide, ie Bell Birds, which have a widened jugal bone like that of tyrannosaurus.
Young tyrannosaurus specimen(chomper)
Also to note, in most reconstructions where there is a bony knob on the jugal, circled in the above example, is more than likely a muscle attachment point, and the divet in the space before the attachment point could allow for the corner of the lips to sit.
In conclusion, Tyrannosaurus Rex and possible other theropod dinosaurs with similar skull anatomy of the upper and lower mandibles more than likely had thickened yet sensitive skin with a lip like structure similar to that of waterfowl and not a scaled skin.
Additional research papers on duck bill anatomy/mechanreceptors
Histomorphogenesis of Upper Beak in Muscovy Ducks (Cairina moschata)
3D architecture and a bicellular mechanism of touch detection in mechanosensory corpuscle
Molecular basis of tactile specialization in the duck bill
Personal Notes on research
A better presentation of jane’s head reconstructions
Also while looking at reptile faces and scaling you can see how close the lower lip is at the anterior portion to the teeth. There isn’t room for hanging bear like lip seen in some reconstructions, they generally sit pretty close to one another which is also the reason for Jane’s reconstruction
The upper teeth also seem to be covered the most in comparison to the lower jaw as well where the bottom teeth are more visible depending on the species and their diet.
The only portion of their bottom manidible for having any significant amount of lip is around the sides to allow for the upper lip to seamlessly meet with the lower lip.
Which is something that I’ve accounted for on the physical reconstruction.
More things that I left out because tumblr has an image limit
While the mechanoreceptors/trigeminal nerves in alligators as well as crocodilians are very similar to T. Rex there is still the lacking of lips to protect the enamel of their teeth.
Mechanoreceptors in alligator face
The rostral neurovascular canals of Tyrannosaurus rex (FMNH PR 2081) in lateral view (top) and two cross-sections (CT slices, bottom). Scale bar equals 30cm.
This is where waterfowl come in as not only do they share similar trigeminal nerves and mechanoreceptors that both alligators and theropods have.
The morphology and distribution of cutaneous mechanoreceptors in bill and tongue of the mallard(upper and lower bill)
They also have skin that acts like a lip, hanging from the edge of the mandible and hanging over the lamellae as if they were teeth.
Preserved pecking duck head showing where the bone ends and the skin hanging below begins.(first) male wood duck with mouth open showin how the upper bills lamellae are hidden(second)
In comparison to reptiles that lack these intricate mechanoreceptors that not only run through the skin of the animals, but also inside the bones of the nasal and mandibular cavities.
Only having a papillae attached to the receptor on or near the edge of individual scales and the nerves they attach to only being skin deep in comparison to archosaurians like alligators, theropods, and waterfowl.
The skin sense organ of some iguanian lizards
If the lack of formina for corpuscles/trigeminal nerves/mechanoreceptors on the mandibles of reptilians outside of the ones that run along the lips isn’t enough, hopefully seeing the neural pathways in both alligators and waterfowl and comparing them helps.
I wanna highlight this piece done by Andrey Atuchin(an amazing paleoartist) who reconstructed the newly discovered Labocania aguillonae tyrannosaurid that was found in the Cerro del Pueblo Formation, Coahuila, Mexico. They do a wonderful job in reconstruction the mouth/facial structure in a similar manner to what i've posted here anatomy wise.
Not sure if they were inspired by this at all, but it's basically similar to what I had envisioned.
Another Andrey Atuchin work where he uses a similar mouth reconstruction. Love his work.
He seems to have had a similar thought to mine on the lower jaw/maw except without the little lip and covered upper teeth until recently so that’s pretty cool we had similar ideas
More illustration comparisons that didn’t make this post
💬 0 🔁 3 ❤️ 24 · Reblog by @datgreenmonstah · 2 images · These were the original heads I was gonna use for my research for comparative anat
黒哥@greater vasa parrot has put a mushroom
and now I want to design some kind of mushroom phoenix like a death and decomposition phoenix to counter the FIREY ETERNAL LIFE phoenix hm hmmmm hm someone else should draw it or remind me to cuz my tablet’s battery is dead hmmmmmmmmmmm
On it already guys…
it’s not perfect, but I hope the idea works.
This post might be ages old, but I guess I forgot to post this when I did it back then.
So I’m making up for that
Next bag idea I have been wanting to make for some time now, just need to do the fabric patterns first before I can put it together
While my Meisho Doto bag is based around the character who represents the horses bag.
This one will be based around Haru Urara’s face mask and part of her tack the horse wore for races.
This will be my last horse bag for awhile as I wanna get back into making more weird fish bags again since I have a few ideas.