ACTEEs change that spelling to end in the -m sound [-am, -um, or -em].
-em for women's names and words
Part 2
Marcus Brutus/Caesarem occidit.
for he\she\it does it
NECare type verbs use -at;
OCCIDere and AUDíre types use -it,
and VIDére types use -et.
Part 3
[ACTOR/ACTEE> <ACTION> or [missing actor]/ACTEE> <ACTION>
We just wanted to say not "Marcus Brutus" but "he" is killing Caesar?
Leave out the actor. Leave the words "Marcus Brutus" out.
The verb happens to be the 'he' form. Or the 'she' form. Even the 'it' form.
Caesarem occidit.
Part 4
for you do it, add -is, -es, or -as.
<[you]/Caesarem occidis!>
It was actually rude to start a sentence with a man's name in that form(about name form in ‘Et tu, Brute’)
Part 5
Let's say someone ISN'T doing something.
<actor/actee> NOT <action.>
Marcus Antonius Caesarem non occidit.
Part 6
ASKING QUESTIONS
Latin didn't have question marks.
To ask a question about a word or idea put "an" [say: awn] in front of the sentence next to the word you want to have information about and put that word first in the sentence.
An Brutus Caesarem occidit?
To question an action: ---add the ending -ne [say: nay] to the action and put it first.
Occiditne Brutus Caesarem?
To question a not-action---add the ending -ne to the "not" and put it first.
Nonne Brutus Caesarem occidit?
a neuter word! same form for actor and actee!
Part 7
You put the words in the usual positions...."is" comes last.
Caesar Romanus est.
Part 8
et....and
-que
and [in a set, usually a pair] and not BETWEEN the words, but after the pair. ( Rare with persons, more common with things. )
Gladius scutumque. ( Sword 'n shield )
et A et B....means "both A and B"
Et Caesar et Cleopatra
atque - and [very strong; we'd use italics on such a word] and; also means: "and, what is more,"
We make it a plural [more than one actor] action
Where there was -t, use -nt.
-it > -unt/iunt [audire and its type, the -ire words, have the extra "i".]
-et > -ent
-at > -ant
Part 9
Directions
Latin uses a spelling change in the basic word after the directions IN and OFF.
[To satisy your curiosity, the other direction is TO, and that's another matter!]
After "in".............lupus and such words > lupo
.......................scutum and its type > scuto
.......................lupa, tabula and such words > lupá, tabulá, etc.
.......................dux, miles, and other words that become -em in the actee form > duce, milite, etc.
That same spelling change can express HOW a thing happens, as in WITH a sword: gladio. For that, no other word: "gladio" in and of itself means "with a sword".
Femina aquam urná portat.
Caesar et Antonius militem scuto portant.
pre-positioned
in.....in [yes, "in" is a Latin word.] also means: "within", "inside" or even "on"; simplest location
Caesar Brutum in foro videt.
e[x] ...."out of " [the difference between e and ex is that between a and an in English: it's sound, not meaning. Same with a, ab.]
Caesar Antonium e casá portat.
a[d]....from, as in "away from the town." or "from the town"
de...."down from, off," as in "off the table." "down from the hill." [Note: English "stacks" directions one atop the other. Latin is quite happy with just one, thank you!
Lupus de colle ambulat.
cum..."with", used with people! He went "with Alice." Think of "com"pany. As a matter of fact, "com" is a countrified variant of "cum" [say: koom]
Femina cum Antonio Caesarem videt.
[nothing]..."with", used with things, as in HOW a thing was done, with what instrument: he hit the mark "with his sword". Using "cum" conjures a really silly picture...he and his sword together plotting to hit something...but if you just say "gladio" ...you've said "with a sword".
Part 10
other direction: TO, toward, at, snuggled up under.
This direction uses the same form as the actee: Marcum Brutum; lupum, and so on.
The word for "to, toward, at" is "ad".
Ad casam...toward the house, to the house.
Then the strange little word "sub". You have to watch this one: if it's with a word in the actee form........it's snuggled up under [as a result of going there].
The man made camp "sub collem."
Gladius iacet sub gladiatorem........."right up next to the gladiator."
But the treasure he was after was "sub colle", "located under the hill."
Gladius iacet sub gladiatore..........."underneath the gladiator."
The word "in" can do exactly the same thing: if "in colle" it's "upon the hill," like a tree "on the hill", while it's "in collem"
Gladiator saxum in casa iacit. The gladiator throws a stone in the house. [He is standing in the house and he throws a stone.] A location.
Gladiator saxum in casam iacit. The gladiator throws a stone into the house. [He is outside the door, throwing a stone into the house.] A target.
saxum (saxum) -[ loose rock or material of rock, as in a big cliff; stone]
iacio (-er) -[ heave, throw like a spear or ball]
paro (-ar) - [ fix, prepare, get ready]
aqua (aquam) - [water]
Part 7
est - [(he, she it) is]
Part 8
et - [ and]
atque - [and, and what is more (very strong; we'd use italics on such a word)]
miles (militem) - [soldier]
gladius (gladium) - [sword]
scutum (scutum) - [ shield]
baculum (baculum) - [ staff]
centurio (centurionem) - [ sergeant]
dux (ducem) - [ leader; general]
consul (consulem) - [ a consul (highest civil rank: president: there were two at any one time)]
centuria (centuriam) - [ a "century", 60 to 100 men, smallest operational unit of the Roman army]
legio (legionem) - [ legion (3000 to 6000)]
aquila (aquilam ) - [ eagle (legion standard; also an eagle, as in wildlife)]
pilum (pilum) - [ javelin ]
Part 9
nauta (nautam) - [sailor]
navis (navem) -[ship]
navigare (navigat) - [sail]
ambulare (ambulat) - [walk]
ager (agrum) - [field: agricultural]
stare (stat) -[stand [still]]
pirata (piratam) - pirate
porto(-at) - [carries]
defend(-er) - [ defend]
collis( collem) - [ hill]
Part 10
mittere (mittit) -[ "open the hand and allow the object to take its natural course." , "let go, loose, fire, send, transmit, drop, allow to fall, lose, release, or anything else appropriate to the moment and the kind of thing you have in your hand." ]
stormborns
dededos
snowghoul
vaporwave
andulkaphoto
annaxmalina
prguitarman
gummygunk
baratheonpilled