Japan, a country with 2.1 million population of foreigners comprising 1.5% of the total population still remains to be a relatively homogenous society when compared to the United States or Europe which are very multicultural and multiethnic societies. In Japanese society people from other countries or the ones who don't look “Japanese” are quite conspicuous in a Japanese crowd. Naturally, this kind of society will give rise to some kind of discrimination towards the “Non-Japanese people”. The one that really interested me was the way Japanese people interact with foreigners in public places like in a train or a coffee shop.
Once, one of my African(Ethiopian) friend told me that in order to sit comfortably in a train he just goes and sits in between two Japanese people and then they just make space for him by leaving their seats. He uses the so called discrimination in his favour. Therefore I decided to conduct a social experiment with a hypothesis that the Japanese people avoid sitting next to a foreigner and tend to take up less space and hence providing the foreigner with his “Gaijin Forcefield”. To test my hypothesis I performed the social experiment in trains and in coffee shops like Starbucks.
As methodology for the social experiment I used to go and sit next to a Japanese and try to observe his/her behaviour. In this paper I have tried to analyse the peoples’ behaviour based on their “Gender” and “Age” and I have also included “educational status” and “exposure to foreigners” as dependent variables in addition to independent variables. One important fact to note for this research that I have not at all asked any person to clarify their educational details or how much interaction they had with foreigners.
During the experiment at many places i noted that there is indeed some kind of discrimination towards the “non-Japanese” .
For instance, while riding a bus in Osaka I observed that the bus was filled up to the point where couple of people were standing, but the interesting thing is, there was a spare seat right next to me but still those people chose to stand until some other seat was available for them. Same kind of experience i had while riding a train when the seat next to me remained unoccupied for almost 15 minutes until a mid-aged woman came and sat down.As she was reading a novel I guess that she didn't notice or didn't care with whom she was sitting. I have also observed that if there is a spare seat next to a foreigner and a spare seat next to a Japanese then the Japanese commuters are more likely to choose the latter.
You can also quite often notice people heading very quickly to the vacant seat to realise that its next to a foreigner and so remain standing instead. And quite often see people rejecting your seat offer and then taking some other seat which gets vacant. As I did offer my seat to a standing senior citizen but he rejected, and after a while he sat on another vacant seat.
ANALYSIS
Many people say that this kind of behaviour of the Japanese is Racism. Is it really “Racism” ?I would argue not- not at least a menacing form of racism. But i would not disagree to the fact that it surely gives a feeling of “otherness”. In my opinion this is not the kind of discrimination that Japanese people do willingly. When you ask any Japanese person whether he dislikes foreigners? He is most likely to say no. In fact, they don't discriminate they just want the Gaijin to have a good time.
But it is very unlikely that everyone has the same reason of why they try avoid sitting or interacting to a foreigner in a public sphere. And its a herculean task to give all the reasons to justify their behaviour, so hereby I give few of the reasons that could explain this behaviour.
1)Fear of English- many Japanese think that if they sit next to a foreigner they may ask something to them in english and as they would not be able to reply back, they think that it might cause trouble to the foreigner. This might explain why corporate sector people or the ones who know english don’t hesitate to sit next to foreigners. Often, some Japanese people will sit next to a foreigner just to practise their english.
2)Inconvenience- The Japanese culture has a lot of norms of how they should behave to other people and they want to reduce inconvenience to others to the most minimum level possible. And because they don't have enough knowledge about foreigners they end up leaving a sense of discrimination. Some Japanese people are worried if they fall asleep while sitting next to a foreigner it may cause inconvenience to that person and they may get a negative reaction. Some Japanese also believe that foreigners require more private space and the act of sitting next to a foreigner reduces the private space of that person. The private space issue arises between Japanese people as well, but its comparatively low. In my experiences, in busses Japanese people tend to avoid foreigners more when compared to trains, moreover, with the long bench type running down the side there is rarely a hesitancy. but in dual type forward facing seats most of the times the seats around a foreigner will remain empty I guess they don't want to be 'trapped' with a foreigner in the double seats.
3)Stereotypes about foreigners- Sometimes stereotypes play a major role in a person’s behaviour and it exists almost in every society and so does in Japanese society. You can often come across to questions like “Do people overseas eat a lot of rice?” or, “Do people overseas drink coffee?”—as if everyone outside Japan is a united entity. Many times Japanese people struggle to relate to foreigners. Often they struggle to accept the fact that you can also speak Japanese . These kind of behaviours lead them to stereotype foreigners. Here people think that foreigners take too much of space and may get very noisy at times. Hence some Japanese may try to avoid all foreigners.
The social experiment suggests that there is indeed some kind of differences towards “Non-Japanese”. People who cant speak english so well avoid foreigners because they feel embarrassed if they make mistake in front of a foreigner and those who cant speak english at all fear of being asked something in english. Some feel that sitting next to a gaijin will be an interference in their private sphere and it may cause trouble to the foreigner if they fall asleep. And simply don't like foreigners because they take too much space and can be noisy and insensitive at times.Different perceptions take these “differences” differently. Some feel that the Japanese are kind enough to allow foreigners to sit, and some feel that they are being racists. “Otherness” definitely exists but it is not legitimate to term it as “racism”.