Assassiversary: Lee Harvey Oswald (November 22, 1963)
Lee Harvey Oswald (October 18, 1939 â November 24, 1963) was an American Marxist and former U.S. Marine who assassinated United States President John F. Kennedy.
Oswald was born in New Orleans, Louisiana to Robert Edward Lee Oswald, Sr. and Marguerite Frances Claverie. Robert Oswald, who was a distant cousin of Confederate general Robert E. Lee and served in the Marines during World War I, died of a heart attack two months before Lee was born.
Oswald enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1956, just after his seventeenth birthday. He was underage and his brother Robert, Jr. was required to sign the forms as his legal guardian. While his primary training was in radar operation, he was also trained in marksmanship and was a qualified sharpshooter. Slightly built, he was nicknamed âOzzie Rabbitâ after the cartoon character by his fellow Marines; they also called him âOswaldskovichâ because he espoused pro-Soviet sentiments and was teaching himself rudimentary Russian.
In 1959 he received a hardship discharge from active service, claiming his mother needed care, and traveled to the Soviet Union. His citizenship application was at first rejected, leading to a suicide attempt in his hotel room, but after being held under psychiatric observation and claiming that as a Soviet citizen he could reveal information about the U.S. Marine Corps, he was successful. The story of the defection of a former U.S. Marine to the Soviet Union was reported on the front pages of some newspapers.
Though Oswald had wanted to attend Moscow State University, he was sent to Minsk to work as a lathe operator at the Gorizont Electronics Factory, which produced radios, televisions, and military and space electronics. He received a government-subsidized, fully furnished studio apartment in a prestigious building and an additional supplement to his factory pay, which allowed him to have a comfortable standard of living by working-class Soviet standards, though he was kept under constant surveillance.
From approximately June 1960 to February 1961, Oswald was in a personal relationship with Ella German, a co-worker at the factory. He proposed marriage to her at the beginning of 1961, but she refused with the explanation that she did not love him and was afraid to marry an American. Some researchers believe that Germanâs rejection of Oswaldâs marriage proposal may have had much to do with his disillusionment with life in the Soviet Union and his decision to return to the United States.Oswald wrote in his diary in January 1961: âI am starting to reconsider my desire about staying. The work is drab, the money I get has nowhere to be spent. No nightclubs or bowling alleys, no places of recreation except the trade union dances. I have had enough.â Shortly afterwards, Oswald (who had never formally renounced his U.S. citizenship) wrote to the Embassy of the United States, Moscow requesting return of his American passport, and proposing to return to the U.S. if any charges against him would be dropped.
In March 1961, Oswald met Marina Prusakova, a 19-year-old pharmacology student; they married less than six weeks later. The Oswaldsâ first child, June, was born on February 15, 1962. Later that year, Oswald, Marina, and their infant daughter left for the United States and settled in the Dallas-Fort Worth area, where they received less attention from the press than Oswald expected, much to his disappointment.
In March 1963, Oswald made a mail-order purchase of a secondhand 6.5 mm caliber Carcano rifle. On April 10, he attempted to kill retired U.S. Major General Edwin Walker, an outspoken right-wing anti-communist and segregationist. Oswald fired the Carcano rifle at Walker through a window from less than 100 feet away as Walker sat at a desk in his Dallas home. The bullet struck the window frame, and Walkerâs only injuries were bullet fragments to the forearm.
During the summer of 1963, Oswald was arrested for disturbing the peace while handing out âFair Play for Cubaâ leaflets, and took part in a radio debate about communism in Latin America. He was hired by the Reily Coffee Company as a machinery greaser, but was fired in July âbecause his work was not satisfactory and because he spent too much time loitering in Adrian Albaâs garage next door, where he read rifle and hunting magazines.â
In the fall, he was hired at the Texas School Book Depository as a $1.25 an hour minimum wage order filler. During the week Oswald stayed in a Dallas rooming house, but he spent his weekends with Marina at a friendâs home in the city of Irving. On October 20, the Oswaldsâ second daughter, Audrey, was born.
On November 21, Oswald asked a coworker for an unusual mid-week lift back to Irving, saying that he had to pick up some curtain rods. The next morning he returned to Dallas, leaving behind $170 and his wedding ring but carrying the âcurtain rodsâ in a large paper bag.
As Kennedyâs motorcade passed through Dealey Plaza at about 12:30 p.m. on November 22, Oswald fired three rifle shots from the sixth-floor window of the book depository, killing the President and seriously wounding Texas Governor John Connally. One shot apparently missed the presidential limousine entirely, another struck both Kennedy and Connally, and a third bullet struck Kennedy in the head, killing him.
Oswald left the book depository, shot and killed Dallas policeman J. D. Tippit, and attempted to hide in a movie theater, where he was arrested at 2 pm. He denied killing Kennedy and Tippit, telling reporters, âI didnât shoot anybodyâ and, âTheyâve taken me in because of the fact that I lived in the Soviet Union. Iâm just a patsy!â
On November 24, detectives were escorting Oswald through the basement of Dallas Police Headquarters toward an armored car that was to take him from the city jail to the nearby county jail. At 11:21 a.m., Dallas nightclub operator Jack Ruby approached Oswald from the side of the crowd and shot him once in the abdomen at close range. An unconscious Oswald was taken by ambulance to Parkland Memorial Hospitalâthe same hospital where Kennedy was pronounced dead two days earlier. Oswald died at 1:07 p.m., and was buried in Fort Worth.
The denouement of the 1990 Broadway musical Assassins, written by Stephen Sondheim and John Weidman, features the ghosts of John Wilkes Booth and other assassins appearing before a suicidal Lee Harvey Oswald, and convincing him that the only way for him to truly connect with his country is to share his pain and disillusionment with it. [x]











