Actually in space they be more in danger of overheating from their own spark or heat source. Down on Earth, if you’re in a fierce wind or a cold sea, you can lose heat quite fast because the air and water pick it up from your body and carry it away. In spacethere’s nothing to carry heat away, so you can lose it by radiation but not by conduction.
So how do you dissipate the heat generated by the electronics or their spark?
Well let’s say we know that the accuracy and life expectancy of electronic devices can be degraded by sustained high temperatures. There are three ways of transferring heat: convective, diffusive, and radiative. In the vacuum of space there is no thermal convection or conduction taking place. Radiative heat transfer is the primary method of transferring heat in a vacuum, so satellites are cooled by radiating heat out into space. Perhaps some cybertronians are better equipped for this very task. Certainly the Nemesis would have been.
Also there is no way to reach zero loss in atmospherically contained components. For example if cybertronians are built to withstand space and we all know do indeed have liquid based systems… (Energon Lines) those systems would need to be sealed and maintained in the conditions to allow that chemical to remain a liquid.
(Another could be their amonia based cooling systems) but see it still would leak out over time regardless. This can be minimized but the longer their in space the worse it would get for them.
Cybertronians could survive for a while in the vacume without issue if we’ll equipped, but it’s not good for them just as it’s not good for them to be exposed in Earth’s coldest climates.
They basically have ships for a reason.
Keep in mind It’s also true When not in the presence of a heat source in space, you will only feel the Cosmic Background Radiation on you, which is a temperature of 3 degrees Kelvin (-455 degrees Fahrenheit) water will boil then freeze at a rapid rate. Where on Earth humidity and ice crystals may cause distress on a cybertronian’s mechanjcal components through the formation of ice crystals forming directly into their mechanical structures.
The issue is a bit more complicated then simply freezing in space or freezing on earth. In reality they are vulnerable in different ways to both environments. Prolonged exposure in either environment would not be good for them.
They may not die on instant contact with space like humans but it would be a long excuciating death if left out in space too long. It could probably cause them to suffer from space madness as they slowly overheat before finally freezing to death all while their energon and coolants leak out and turn to gass in the endless expance of space.
Extreme cold atmospheric condistions on earth would probably cause them to lock up and go into stasis a bit more rapidly as they are unable to move due to the formation of ice crystals sticking to their components where in space it would have been expelled into gass. (Both are bad) But their overall survival rate may be better being found frozen and lost on earth and resusitated then being lost out in space given the infitate expanse.
Check out this article too it’s really insightful!