[“HOW TRAUMA PLAYS OUT IN GROUPS
When we can’t strike back at those who are truly harming us, we often lash out at those we can reach. We yell at our lover because we can’t yell at the boss. In groups, we may fight even the most minor conflict to the death. We attack our fellow group members with all the unexpressed rage that really belongs to the perpetrators of violence. In our minds, we are always fighting for our lives. Just as enraged dogs will attack one another with no regard for their relative size, we lose sight of real power differentials and may demolish a group member with a blast of anger without realizing that we have shifted from victim of abuse to abuser.
Horizontal Violence Strategies
Friends don’t let friends abuse one another. A group that sets healthy boundaries and standards for behavior needs to hold one another accountable for keeping them.
Offer constructive critique and honest feedback.
Collective intervention: Others in the group can support one another to tell the raging group member that their behavior is not acceptable. Couple this with:
Good cop/bad cop: While one or more group members set and hold clear boundaries, another might offer help and support to find counseling, coaching or mediation.
Mentoring: Assigning the offending person a mentor can provide long-term encouragement to both change behavior and look at deeper patterns.
Some people cling to the role of victim, claiming center stage. Whatever issue or drama erups somehow always ends up being about them. Their patterns may originate from deep hurt and trauma and we can feel sympathy, but colluding with them is not helpful either to the person or the group. Fruitless efforts to appease them can drain the group’s energy and undermine its effectiveness.
When we are caught up in the role of victim, our speech and actions reflect our sense of powerlessness. To regain our sense of empowerment, we might begin by challenging the inherent assumptions in our words and practicing alternative framings and affirmations.
Statement: “You made me feel …”
Assumptions: I am at the mercy of other people’s speech and actions. I am helpless to do anything but respond to how others treat me.
Alternate suggestion: I choose how to respond to other people’s statements and assessments. I can choose what to take in and what to discard. My feelings are real and valid, but I can move through them quickly and separate them from my own assumptions and other people’s judgments.
Statement: “I have to speak my truth.” Translation: I’m about to blurt out something hurtful in the most blunt way possible. Assumptions: Truth is uncomfortable, painful and festering. My feelings and perceptions are The Truth, and I must get it out just as I might vomit up a bad meal, regardless of consequences.
Alternate suggestion: I choose to speak my truth, using all my sensitivity, wisdom and skill so that I can be clearly heard and effective.
Statement: “I’m being silenced.”
Assumption: If people actually heard me, they would agree with me. So if they don’t agree with me, they are shutting me down.
Alternate suggestion: I can advocate for my own perspective — whether or not others agree — and respect their right to differ. I do not need anyone’s permission to advocate for myself.
Strategies for Transforming the Role of Victim
Clear, fair and transparent ways that people can earn power in the group will provide constructive alternatives to victimization.
Structures and practice of constructive critique can provide positive channels for complaints.
Encourage responsibility with questions like: What would you suggest to make the situation different? What structures would you like to see in place that would help us address your needs and concerns?”]
starhawk, from the empowerment manual: a guide for collaborative groups, 2011
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