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@matt-physics-blog
The rain is coming down heavily but it can not dampen the awe we felt at vsiting Machu Picchu today. It truly is one of the wonders of the world. Even so, we have constant reminders of the grinding poverty of many of the local Andean folks who we have come across. This part of the trip rounds out...
This is great! Good job everyone in Peru! You guys are in our prayers!
Here's a picture from the lab we had on Monday. it is of a pulley system my lab partners and i created. the lab consisted of finding the AMA, IMA and the efficiency of the machine after putting a weighted block at the end and pulling the other end.
AMA + IMA
this picture shows how actual mechanical advantage and ideal mechanical advantage work. in order to lift the 200 kg block 1 meter from its starting point, the man needs to pull the rope 4 meters with an unknown force.
AMA and IMA
AMA, or Actual Mechanical Advantage, is the ratio of the output force to the input force of a machine. it tells you how many times the machine multiples the force that you put into a machine. AMA = output F/input F
IMA, or Ideal Mechanical Advantage, is the ratio of the output distance to the input distance of a machine. this tells you how far a distance you need to exert a force over to move an object a given distance. IMA = input distance/output distance
Both of these can be used to calculate the efficiency of a machine. the efficiency is the ratio of useful energy output to the total energy input of a machine. there is no machine that has 100% efficiency. efficiency = AMA/IMA
Today it was our last physics class of the 2011 year. Today we went a little more in depth into the concepts of AMA, IMA, and efficiency. We went over our homework that we had to do in class yesterday and than finish for homework if we didn’t already finish it in class. Today’s class was very...
that's intricate pulley system
Mechanical Energy
at the top of the stream, the potential energy is the highest while the kinetic energy is the lowest. as the water accelerates down the hill, the potential energy is released in the form of kinetic energy due to gravity. at the bottom of the hill, the kinetic energy is the highest while the potential energy is the lowest. without gravity, the water would not flow downward and there would be no kinetic energy present; mostly potential energy.
as energy changes from one form to another form, there is no net loss or gain of energy. energy is always conserved. therefore, the sum of the potential energy and the kinetic energy of the water is the same at any point on the hill.
this video shows a car being dropped from a crane. in order to get the car to the height it was dropped from, the crane had to do work on the car with gravitational potential energy. before the crane dropped the car, the car's potential energy was its maximum and there was no kinetic energy.
PEg = mgh
This video displays several pendulums, each of different lengths, resulting in visual patterns. Each pendulum conserves energy throughout the ball’s path. When the ball is at one of the ends of its path, its potential energy is a maximum and its kinetic energy is a minimum. At the center of the path, the potential energy is a minimum and the kinetic energy is a maximum. The kinetic energy in the middle of the path = the potential energy at the end of the path = the total energy in the system. The fact that the pendulum’s return to starting position and the original pattern shows that both energy and momentum were conserved.
this is a really cool video!
Conservation of Energy
the diagram above shows how energy is conserved. the blue ball has potential energy but no kinetic energy. the purple ball has a maximum amount of kinetic energy and no potential energy. the pink ball, like the blue ball has potential energy at its maximum and no kinetic energy. as the blue ball moves toward the purple ball, its potential energy is decreasing, while its kinetic energy is increasing. the amount of potential energy of the blue and pink ball is equal to the amount of kinetic energy of the purple ball. E = PE + KE
A bow makes a good example for a lot of things in physics. The bowman does work when he pulls back on the string. Before the release, there’s a lot of potential energy being stored. This all becomes kinetic energy when the bow is released.
thats a great example
Horsepower is defined as the amount of work done over time. One unit of horsepower is equal to 33,000 lb*ft/minute. work only occurs if a force is exerted on the object and if the object moves a distance.
Horsepower was defined by James Watt. Now-a-days, horsepower is used to define the engines performance. the bigger the cars engine, the more horsepower the car has.
today, in lab, we calculated the power each of us students generated while running up stairs. after acquiring my weight, the distance i ran, and the time i completed the task in, i was able to calculate the product of the feet and pounds divided by the amount of time. then, i calculated the horsepower and watts. the horsepower is a type of power that is equal to 550 ft*lb/s. after completing this procedure, i found out that my horsepower was 1.17 ft*lb/s. also, the watts i generated was 875W.
the picture above illustrates a student partaking in the task of running up the stairs and doing work.
this head-on crash is an example of an elastic collision because when the two cars collide, they bounce off of each other and move in opposite directions.
This is a pretty silly but a easy to understand example proving momentum and impulse. It really helped me understand the difference
this helped me a bit as well
Conservation of Momentum
this week, we learned about the conservation of momentum. this means that in order to accelerate an object, a net force must be exerted on the object. then, in order to change the object's momentum, an impulse must be exerted on it. this impulse needs to be exerted by something that is not a part of the system. if there is no net force, there is no momentum change. the momentum before and after the system is complete will always be the same.
an example of this is if car A collides with car B, the total momentum of both cars before the collision is equal to the total momentum of both of them after the collision. the momentum lost by the car A is equal to the momentum gained by car B.
"in the absence of an external net external force, the momentum of an object or system of the object is unchanged. "
Impulse and Momentum
impulse and momentum are related. an impulse is a change in momentum. if you increase the impulse exerted on an object, you also increase the change in momentum. impulse(J) is equal to the force(F) multiplied by the change in time(t). in other words, impulse is the product of the force and the time interval over which it acts.
bouncing affects impulse. when an object bounces of another object, its impulse is greater. there is the impulse to being the object to a stop and then the impulse to throw it back again.
impulse is equal to the change in momentum. the change in momentum is the product of the mass of an object and the change in velocity of that object.
Acceleration due to gravity on the moon: this can be found by using Newton's Laws of Gravity. an equation that helps calculate this is g=G*M/r^2. "G" is a universal gravitational constant. acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 9.81m/s^2. since gravity on the moon is 1/6 that of the earth the acceleration due to gravity on the moon would equal 1.6m/s^2. this explains why things can stay suspended in the air on the moon for a much greater time than things on the earth.
