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@mbti-functions-blog
Do you think a particular function can unhealthily result in a superiority complex? If so which and why? Also, your blog is addictive and I love it. Thanks!
Thanks. They all have equal potential to result in a superiority complex and to be obnoxious because people tend to be biased towards their own cognitive functions. Some random examples below.
Ne-doms (ENTP, ENFP) tend to think they’re the most creative.
Example: “I’m so brilliant and full of great ideas. You’re all peons put on this planet to do my bidding and to make my visions a reality. I don’t want to do any of the work, you all do the backbreaking labor for me.”
Ni-doms (INTJ, INFJ) tend tothink they’re the most wise.
Example: “Let me tell you how your plan/goal/relationship is doomed to fail for all the following reasons. I can’t believe you can’t see this coming. It’s going to happen. Trust me. Watch. See– there it is. I told you so.”
Te-doms (ENTJ, ESTJ) tend tothink they’re the most correct*.
Example: “My way is the best way. I’m getting the job done so we don’t need to discuss it any further and we don’t need your input. Sit down, shut up, and follow my lead.”
*I’m aware this sentence is grammatically incorrect– it’s deliberate.
Ti-doms (INTP, ISTP) tend tothink they’re the most intelligent.
Example: “Watch me tell you all the ways your solution is illogical then debate you in circles without contributing anything productive towards an alternate solution because everything in life is subjective and I can’t ever be sure anything is truly ‘correct’.”
Se-doms (ESTP, ESFP) tend tothink they’re the most interesting.
Example: “I’m cool, you’re all boring and need to learn to live in the moment. Seize the day. Travel. Explore. Be more like me. Even if I have no idea how to pay my rent at the end of the month or how I’m going to survive until the end of the week.”
Si-doms (ISTJ, ISFJ) tend to think they’re the most responsible.
Example: “I’m always bailing people out due to their own stupidity and shit hits the fan when I’m not around. I shouldn’t have to do this but I’m too tired to teach them how to be independent so let me just complain and keep doing what I’m doing.”
Fe-doms (ENFJ, ESFJ) tend tothink they’re the most righteous.
Example: “I’m always sacrificing my own happiness for other people because I’m selfless and good. I also know what’s best for everybody so it’s my responsibility to save everyone even if they’ve told me more than once to butt out of their business. And by more than once, I mean a dozen times. I’m sure they don’t mean it.”
Fi-doms (INFP, ISFP) tend to think they’re the most authentic.
Example: “Everyone is so materialistic and fake. Most of them don’t know what they want or who they are in life but I do so let me go around telling everyone that their life pursuits are empty, meaningless, and won’t make them happy.”
Ne speaks in analogies, Ni speaks in metaphors
Se speaks from experience, Si speaks from memories
Te speaks in practice, Ti speaks in theory
Fe speaks with diplomacy, Fi speaks from the heart
I’m...
DOMINANT FUNCTION:
Fe: Empathetic and warm-hearted. Other people are one of the most important things to me and I find it hard not to care about them or to want to keep them happy. I’m a lover of people
Fi: Emotional and opinionated. I have strong feelings about who/what I value and what is truly right, so I let my personal values influence myself more than anything else. I’m an idealist
Te: Driven and responsible. If I want to get something done, I’ll quickly find the most efficient way to do it. I’m a go-getter
Ti: Rational and independent. I love making logical sense of what I don’t know and figuring out how things work to solve problems or just for the hell of it. I’m an analytical thinker
Ne: Very stimulated by ideas and concepts. My mind is always energised by interesting thoughts and connections between them. I’m a visionary
Ni: Detached from the moment by itself and perceptive of the bigger picture. My 5 senses only take me so far, I’m mostly concerned with intangible possibilities and hidden meanings behind things. I’m a contemplator
Se: Spontaneous and highly in tune with my surroundings and happenings in them, which I’m almost always confident in experiencing and interacting with. I’m a realist
Si: Quite in touch with information I’ve gained in the past. My memory is very strong and I’m constantly comparing what I experience in the present to things I’ve experienced in the past. I’m a traditionalist
who…
AUXILIARY FUNCTION:
Fe: Highly values peace and harmony.
Fi: Is very in touch with their emotions and their sense of right and wrong.
Te: Takes charge to organise their environment and accomplish objectives in it.
Ti: Thinks logically and analyses information as objectively as possible.
Ne: Has an active imagination when it comes unrealistic/abstract ideas and possibilities of what could be.
Ni: Has clear plans and goals for the future along with a good idea of how to realise them.
Se: Sees things as they are and has no problems with improvisation or immersing themselves in the moment.
Si: Lets past experiences guide them and influence how they see the world.
When needed, I can…
TERTIARY FUNCTION:
Fe: Be gregarious and charming to get others to like me or to keep a social situation running smoothly,
Fi: Remind myself of my emotions and ideals of right and wrong,
Te: Do whatever it takes to complete a task or solve a problem,
Ti: Step away from emotions and make sense of things rationally,
Ne: Consider multiple possibilities and play with novel ideas,
Ni: See beyond my senses and pay attention to the intangible and to what could become of something in the future,
Se: Indulge in sensory experiences and be open to spontaneity,
Si: Thoroughly compare an experience or an idea to one that’s in my memories,
but many of my faults come from…
INFERIOR FUNCTION:
Fe: Not being very empathetic or sociable and not fully understanding how to properly act in some social situations.
Fi: Being too objective and not being able to foresee what feelings certain things can provoke in myself and others.
Te: Being reluctant to ignore my personal values and consider objective measurements of value and achievement.
Ti: Placing too much value on my own and other peoples’ feelings and not enough on objectivity and rationality.
Ne: Not being very open to novelty or uncertainty.
Ni: Failing to plan for the future or to perceive what my senses can’t.
Se: Being uncomfortable with living in the moment or interacting with my physical environment.
Si: Being bored by constant routine and predictability.
Sarcastic functions (For fun)
SUBMITTED by Steve
Dominant Si: You throw a temper tantrum when the rest of the group votes to replace the mushrooms with black olives on the pizza
Auxiliary Si: You’re feeling “edgy” this weekend, so you’re gonna try homemade tartar instead of going to Applebee’s
Tertiary Si: You probably have your favorite childhood cartoon character tattooed somewhere on your body
Inferior Si: You only changed religions twice during college, that’s surprisingly conservative of you
Dominant Se: Everything you do has to result in you saying “Whoooooaaaaaaa!!!”
Auxiliary Se: This is needlessly dangerous, so of course you’re first in line to try it
Tertiary Se: Put on that Armani/Versace because you’re gong grocery shopping
Inferior Se: I guess you owe it to yourself to have sex this year
Dominant Ni: Life is overrated, deconstructing the fabric of existence is where it’s at
Auxiliary Ni: During the the Lewinsky scandal in the late 90’s, you jokingly said “Hillary will get back at him by becoming president herself one day”
Tertiary Ni: You just now, out of nowhere, decided to knock down every wall in your apartment so you can have a yourself a kickass loft
Inferior Ni: You woke up this morning deciding you want to become president in the near future. As you Googled “What is the difference between Democrats and Republicans?”, you got sidetracked by a hookup on Tinder
Dominant Ne: You just gave a friend a two hour monologue on the history of Imperial Japan because they asked you if they should buy a Toyota
Auxiliary Ne: You’ve never made it to season 3 of anything
Tertiary Ne: You can can assess where your friends and family are going with their lives…..through astrology of course. And you just can’t resist an on-line quiz that tells you about your personality based on your eye color
Inferior Ne: Screw it! You’re gonna wear that fedora non-ironically. You only live once, after all
Dominant Fi: If there was such a thing as “the chosen one” in real life, you’re totally convinced it would be you
Auxiliary Fi: You display the same burning passion as historical civil rights defenders do…..when someone insults a TV show you like
Tertiary Fi: You appointed yourself as the “This is wrong” police at your workplace
Inferior Fi: You once shook your head in disapproval and said “What’s this world coming to…..?” when watching the news. That was the weakest 7 seconds of your life
Dominant Fe: You call up bathroom tissue companies to ask if you can adopt the baby and puppy that were featured in their last commercial
Auxiliary Fe: You wanted people to like and share your opinions if they agreed, way before Facebook ever came along
Tertiary Fe: You’ve mastered the art of making people believe you are the love of their life in order to get them in bed for a one night stand
Inferior Fe: You DO apologize sometimes. Like, “I’m sorry that you’re such a *insert insult* ”
Dominant Ti: You have absolutely no qualms about murdering someone who annoys you, except for the whole “possible jail time” thing
Auxiliary Ti: If it gets you exactly what you want, even cheating is fair game
Tertiary Ti: You actually have an idea or two as to why your “check engine” light just appeared, before you hand it over to the mechanic
Inferior Ti: You legitimately have a 100%, purely scientific explanation as to why Sharon is being a bitch right now
Dominant Te: The world is a giant Tetris game for you and you’re the line piece
Auxiliary Te: 90% of the people you know can’t do anything right. The other 10% can, but they are obnoxious as hell about it
Tertiary Te: Every now and then you realize that doing something about it is 100% more effective than complaining about it
Inferior Te: You took out the trash this morning, now you’ll spend countless sleepless nights wondering if you gave yourself up to conformity
How is this so true lmao
I’m...
DOMINANT FUNCTION:
Fe: Empathetic and warm-hearted. Other people are one of the most important things to me and I find it hard not to care about them or to want to keep them happy. I’m a lover of people
Fi: Emotional and opinionated. I have strong feelings about who/what I value and what is truly right, so I let my personal values influence myself more than anything else. I’m an idealist
Te: Driven and responsible. If I want to get something done, I’ll quickly find the most efficient way to do it. I’m a go-getter
Ti: Rational and independent. I love making logical sense of what I don’t know and figuring out how things work to solve problems or just for the hell of it. I’m an analytical thinker
Ne: Very stimulated by ideas and concepts. My mind is always energised by interesting thoughts and connections between them. I’m a visionary
Ni: Detached from the moment by itself and perceptive of the bigger picture. My 5 senses only take me so far, I’m mostly concerned with intangible possibilities and hidden meanings behind things. I’m a contemplator
Se: Spontaneous and highly in tune with my surroundings and happenings in them, which I’m almost always confident in experiencing and interacting with. I’m a realist
Si: Quite in touch with information I’ve gained in the past. My memory is very strong and I’m constantly comparing what I experience in the present to things I’ve experienced in the past. I’m a traditionalist
who…
AUXILIARY FUNCTION:
Fe: Highly values peace and harmony.
Fi: Is very in touch with their emotions and their sense of right and wrong.
Te: Takes charge to organise their environment and accomplish objectives in it.
Ti: Thinks logically and analyses information as objectively as possible.
Ne: Has an active imagination when it comes unrealistic/abstract ideas and possibilities of what could be.
Ni: Has clear plans and goals for the future along with a good idea of how to realise them.
Se: Sees things as they are and has no problems with improvisation or immersing themselves in the moment.
Si: Lets past experiences guide them and influence how they see the world.
When needed, I can…
TERTIARY FUNCTION:
Fe: Be gregarious and charming to get others to like me or to keep a social situation running smoothly,
Fi: Remind myself of my emotions and ideals of right and wrong,
Te: Do whatever it takes to complete a task or solve a problem,
Ti: Step away from emotions and make sense of things rationally,
Ne: Consider multiple possibilities and play with novel ideas,
Ni: See beyond my senses and pay attention to the intangible and to what could become of something in the future,
Se: Indulge in sensory experiences and be open to spontaneity,
Si: Thoroughly compare an experience or an idea to one that’s in my memories,
but many of my faults come from…
INFERIOR FUNCTION:
Fe: Not being very empathetic or sociable and not fully understanding how to properly act in some social situations.
Fi: Being too objective and not being able to foresee what feelings certain things can provoke in myself and others.
Te: Being reluctant to ignore my personal values and consider objective measurements of value and achievement.
Ti: Placing too much value on my own and other peoples’ feelings and not enough on objectivity and rationality.
Ne: Not being very open to novelty or uncertainty.
Ni: Failing to plan for the future or to perceive what my senses can’t.
Se: Being uncomfortable with living in the moment or interacting with my physical environment.
Si: Being bored by constant routine and predictability.
“Being uncomfortable with living in the moment or interacting with my physical environment.” This not where many of my faults come from, this is where literally all of my faults come from. :D My Se is like an infant that’s been dropped on the head. Falling out of the Empire State Building. Twice.
How To Recognize Each Myers-Briggs Personality Type In Real Life
When attempting to assess the Myers-Briggs personality types of other people, the only accurate way to do so it to identify which cognitive functions they use across a variety of different situations. Accurately assessing the types of other people takes patience, insight and a thorough knowledge of the inventory. However, learning to do so can be an infinitely valuable tool that helps you to understand and connect with those around you.
Because cognitive functions are the truest determinants of type, this article will explore typing through the lens of individual functions. The best way to determine type is to identify which of the four perceiving functions (Either Se, Si, Ne or Ni) and which of the four decision making functions (Either Te, Ti, Fe or Fi) an individual uses most oftenand which order they use them in. Keep in mind that of those two dominant functions, one must be introverted and one must be extroverted. From that point, their tertiary and inferior functions follow logically – see the chart below to learn which four-letter types are associated with which functions.
If you have no idea what cognitive functions are all about, clickhere. Otherwise, read on to learn about how to recognize each function in real life.
Extroverted Intuition (Ne):
Ne Dominant Types: ENFP/ENTP Secondary Ne Users: INTP/INFP
How to spot them:
Ne dominant types experience bursts of high energy, followed by periods of reclusion.
They are quick-witted and gain energy through debating ideas.
They enjoy discussing possibilities above all else.
They want to explore every side of a given situation and may be more prone to playing ‘devil’s advocate’ than other types.
They tend to jump from topic to topic with ease and enthusiasm.
They may directly contradict themselves multiple times while speaking.
They enjoy using metaphors to explain things – their metaphors are prone to gaining complexity as they speak, which excites the Ne user.
Ne dominant types bore quickly and almost always have a new project on the go.
These types usually advocate for keeping your options open, exploring all possibilities and taking an unconventional approach to solving problems.
Introverted Intuition (Ni):
Ni Dominant Types: INTJ, INFJ Secondary Ni Users: ENTJ, ENFJ
How to spot them:
Everything an Ni dominant type does is deliberate. You will likely get the sense that they have carefully (but covertly) planned out their actions and words.
They may ask many questions in conversation, but questions tend to be open-ended. I.e. “Can you tell me more about that,” As opposed to, “When did that happen?”
They prefer sticking to one topic of conversation but may feel the need to ‘explain around’ the topic if they are unable to convey the essence of it concisely.
Ni dominant types usually pause to fully take in and consider what you have said in conversation before replying.
They may also return to a topic of conversation weeks after you’ve had it, having processed and analyzed what you’ve said more fully.
They enjoy talking about future possibilities in a linear fashion.
These types have a lot of ‘epiphanies’ or ‘realizations.’
Ni dominant types often give off a stoic or “Zen” vibe.
These types usually advocate for thinking through your options carefully, optimizing your experiences and keeping your long-term objectives in mind at all times.
Extroverted Sensing (Se):
Se Dominant Types: ESFP, ESTP Secondary Se Users: ISFP, ISTP
How to spot them:
Se dominant types are highly in tune with their environments and are constantly scanning their surroundings.
They may be more physically ‘wired’ than other types and have trouble sitting still.
Se users tend to be ‘up for anything’ and don’t mind changing or hopping on board with plans at the last minute.
They tend to make very direct observations about people and situations – they don’t beat around the bush and are the masters of saying what everyone else was secretly thinking.
They enjoy slapstick or ‘obvious’ humour.
They enjoy the ‘finer things in life’ and may be particularly attracted to expensive gadgets or high fashion.
Dominant Se users are almost always present and engaged in conversation, unless something in the immediate environment is distracting them.
These types usually advocate for ‘Just going for it’ – that is, following your gut instinct and approaching what you want directly.
Introverted Sensing (Si):
Si Dominant Types: ISTJ, ISFJ Secondary Si Users: ESTJ, ESFJ
How to spot them:
Si users have excellent memories when it comes to specific facts and occurrences and will usually remember things you’ve mentioned only in passing.
They are incredibly detail-oriented and usually ask for specific clarifications in conversation (I.e. “Where did you meet up? What day?”)
They are uncomfortable with the ambiguous and in conversation, they prefer relaying relevant facts to speculating. I.e. when discussing possibilities for the future, they will point out what has happened in a similar situation in the past.
They enjoy having things planned out in a predictable fashion.
Si users tend to place a higher value on tradition, social conventions and status than other types.
These types usually advocate for using the tried and true method, referencing the facts that already exist on the matter and assuming that the future will resemble the past.
Introverted Thinking (Ti):
Ti Dominant Types: ISTP, INTP Secondary Ti Users: ESTP, ENTP
How to spot them:
Introverted thinkers like talking about facts or theories and information – when conversation turns to people or events, you can almost see their eyes glazing over.
Dominant introverted thinkers require a great deal of alone time. They aren’t shy about overtly ignoring others if they infringe on this.
Dominant Ti users often have a grumpy or aloof demeanour but a good sense of humour beneath it.
In conversation, they may ask slightly different versions of the same question multiple times, as they try to figure out precisely how it fits in with what they already know.
They may zone out of conversations as they relate what you’re saying to their current understanding of the topic – and then zone back in to ask clarifiers.
Dominant introverted thinkers may have trouble explaining something in a direct way – they tend to branch off and get lost explaining different components of how a given system works.
Ti dominants are indifferent to most small-scale decisions and will avoid making them whenever possible.
These types usually advocate for looking at things objectively, questioning everything and ensuring you understand a given situation fully before making a decision about it.
Extroverted Thinking (Te):
Te Dominant Types: ENTJ, ESTJ Secondary Te Users: INTJ, ISTJ
How to spot them:
Extroverted thinking types are extremely goal oriented. They will usually ask you about your own goals, either subtly or overtly.
They enjoy talking about plans they have and the expected outcomes of those plans.
If you go to a Te user with a problem, they will immediately jump to solving it as quickly and effectively as possible.
Te users are bothered by inefficiency and strongly dislike people being late or veering off topic if there’s work to be done.
Dominant Te types may come across as bossy or know-it-all-ish, even when they genuinely mean well.
They will always argue from a results-based, purely practical standpoint.
These types usually advocate for staying organized, setting goals and making whatever choice will glean the best outcomes.
Introverted Feeling (Fi):
Fi Dominant Types: INFP, ISFP Secondary Fi Users: ENFP, ESFP
How to spot them:
Fi users tend to use emotion-laden vocabulary (I.e. Preferring the phrase, “I feel like…” over “I think that…”).
Fi dominant types tend to ‘zone out’ or daydream more than any other type – they may even do this in the middle of a conversation.
They are incredibly patient listeners who are happy to let you talk for as long as you need to, without jumping in to offer solutions.
These types connect and show empathy by exposing their own experiences and struggles as a means of letting you know you’re not alone.
Fi users are the easiest types to offend, particularly if you question an aspect of their identity or betray one of their morals.
They will almost always argue from a subjective or emotional standpoint – often using the way they feel as an argument in and of itself.
These types make other people feel comfortable by exhibiting an inclusive, non-judgmental attitude toward them.
These types usually advocate for staying true to oneself, following your heart and doing what you know to be right.
Extroverted Feeling (Fe):
Fe Dominant Types: ENFJ, ESFJ Secondary Fe Users: INFJ, ISFJ
How to spot them:
Dominant Fe users talk almost exclusively about what other people are doing or thinking.
They are proactive in adhering to the needs of others (I.e. Ensuring there is food ready for houseguests before they show up, just in case they are hungry upon arrival).
They tend to be warm and welcoming toward new people.
They use confirming language when speaking with others, I.e. uttering “Oh no,” Or “Aw,” while someone else is speaking, to show empathy.
These types make other people feel comfortable by anticipating their needs and adhering to social niceties.
Immature or unhealthy Fe users are the harshest (and most vocal) judges of others.
The moods of Fe users are particularly dependent on the moods of those around them – I.e. They will visibly and genuinely cheer up after hearing someone else’s good news.
These types advocate for keeping the peace, considering other’s points of view and accommodating loved ones.
Stacking Of Cognitive Functions By Type:
ENFP: Ne – Fi – Te – Si INFP: Fi – Ne – Si – Te INFJ: Ni – Fe – Ti – Se ENFJ: Fe – Ni – Se – Ti ISTJ: Si – Te – Fi – Ne ESTJ: Te – Si – Ne – Fi ISTP: Ti – Se – Ni – Fe ESTP: Se – Ti – Fe – Ni INTJ: Ni – Te – Fi – Se INTP: Ti – Ne – Si – Fe ENTJ: Te – Ni – Se – Fi ENTP: Ne – Ti – Fe – Si ISFJ: Si – Fe – Ti – Ne ISFP: Fi – Se – Ni – Te ESFJ: Fe – Si – Ne – Ti ESFP: Se – Fi – Te – Ni
Things to keep in mind when determining type:
-Everyone uses their extroverted function when interacting with others but if someone is an introvert, their extroverted function is not their dominant function. For example, an INTJ’s dominant function is Ni but they use Te to interact with the outside world – which may cause them to seem like an ENTJ in some social situations.
-To determine if someone is an extrovert or introvert while typing, you can use traditional methods of determining where he or she falls on the dichotomy. I.e. Look at whether they seem more energized or more drained after a few hours of social interaction (indicating extroversion and introversion respectively).
-To determine an introvert’s type, you will need to examine their dominant function as it supports their extroverted function – I.e. If someone’s dominant function is Fe but you suspect they are an introvert, you can determine if they lead with Si or Ni by turning your attention to how they support others – is it through concrete, practical methods (Si), or through gaining a thorough understanding of how the person’s mind operates (Ni)?
-If someone is an extrovert, you can determine their auxiliary function by examining what they use to back up their dominant function – I.e. If they are a dominant extroverted sensor, do they prioritize engaging with interesting new people (Indicating auxiliary Fi) or with exciting new physical challenges (Indicating auxiliary Ti)?
-Once you know someone’s dominant and auxiliary functions, their tertiary and inferior functions necessarily follow.
-In order to type someone accurately, you need to observe which cognitive functions he or she uses most consistently, across a range of different situations. Any type can call on any cognitive function if absolutely necessary – but at the end of the day, type is determined by which functions naturally and consistently provide their user with the most energy
x
An Intro To Cognitive Functions
If You’re Confused About Your Myers-Briggs Personality Type, Read This: An Intro To Cognitive Functions
Here is an overview of the eight cognitive functions:
Perceptive Functions:
Extroverted Intuition (Ne):
Extroverted intuition generates new possibilities, synthesizes abstract ideas and picks up on connections in the external environment. Extroverted intuition is capable of entertaining multiple contradictory ideas simultaneously as it sees almost every side to every situation. It is predominantly a future-oriented function that examines all the possibilities of what could happen next.
People who lead with extroverted intuition are usually excitable, entrepreneurial and highly creative. They intrinsically enjoy debating ideas, exploring various interests and they view almost everything in life as a challenge. They are constantly thinking about what to do or experience next, but have a difficult time sticking with just one idea or plan long-term.
Introverted Intuition (Ni):
Introverted intuition forms a framework of how the world works based on thorough, abstract analysis of past and current events. It aims to identify the ‘essence’ of ideas, theories, people and situations in order to fit them into a larger schema. Introverted intuition is a forward thinking function that seeks to identify the optimal or most likely outcome of future events.
People who lead with introverted intuition are usually intense, focused and highly perceptive of inconsistencies that arise in their external environment. They enjoy riddles, puzzles and wordplay. They often experience ‘hunches’ or ‘aha’ moments that they may identify as epiphanies. Their intense foresight is a product of their future-oriented introverted intuition subtly pairing with their inferior extroverted sensing.
Extroverted Sensing (Se):
Extroverted sensing is focused on taking in the world as it exists in the present moment. It is highly in tune with the sights, smells, sounds and general physical stimulus that surrounds it. Extroverted sensing lives and thrives in the moment, more so than any other function.
People who lead with extroverted sensing are often naturally athletic, highly impulsive and enjoy ever-changing stimuli. They place a high value on aesthetics and lust after the ‘finer things in life.’ Extroverted sensors usually aren’t interested in over-analyzing a situation – they simply see what they want and they go for it. These types tend to exude a natural sense of confidence, as they are usually quite sure of who they are and what they want.
Introverted Sensing (Si):
Introverted sensing is a detail-oriented, information storage function. It takes note of facts, events and occurrences exactly as they happen and categorizes them, somewhat like an internal filing system. This is a past-oriented function that dwells predominantly on what has been and it often gives way to nostalgia.
People who lead with introverted sensing are organized and structured, as they believe in being prepared for any potential mishap. They hold tradition in high esteem and believe that the tried and true method is always the best way of getting things done. Introverted sensors believe that the future will repeat the past, more so than any other type.
Judging/Decision-Making Functions: Introverted Feeling (Fi):
Introverted feeling is the in-depth analysis of emotional processes and morality. It seeks to break down emotions to their core and understand them as wholly as possible. It also develops a strong internal system of right and wrong, which the Fi user employs to make decisions. Introverted feeling searches for the deeper meaning behind absolutely everything. Introverted feelers are highly aware of and in touch with their own emotions, and when they put themselves in the shoes of others, they can often feel their pain or joy on a personal level.
People who lead with introverted feeling are compassionate, analytical and often highly concerned with moral issues. They are usually highly creative or artistic, and may feel as though nobody else truly understands who they are deep down. Because their feelings are introverted, Fi-dominant types aren’t always comfortable expressing how they feel outwardly. They have a rich inner world that they want to guard and yet they often secretly wish that others were capable of tapping into it.
Extroverted Feeling (Fe):
Extroverted feeling is highly concerned with maintaining social norms and keeping the peace. It is a decision-making function that strives to do what is best for the group and picks up naturally on the emotions of others. It is a mirroring function that may cause the user to have trouble deciphering their own feelings without the input of others. Extroverted feeling requires social interaction to stay fulfilled, more so than any other function.
People who lead with extroverted feeling are highly reactive to the feelings of others. They seek out social interaction relentlessly, as they feel the happiest and most alive when they are in the company of loved ones. They seek to maintain harmony and keep the peace at all costs – they cannot fully enjoy themselves unless the people around them are healthy, happy and comfortable.
Extroverted Thinking (Te):
Extroverted thinking seeks to impose order on the external environment as efficiently and logically as possible. It values productivity above all else and is a results-based, action-oriented function. Extroverted thinking naturally implements concrete plans for accomplishing goals and is quick to make decisions.
People who lead with extroverted thinking are frank, decisive and highly productive in every capacity. They are natural leaders in the workplace as they are quick to take charge and impose order. Dominant extroverted thinkers may come across as bossy or opinionated to those who lack the function, but in reality they are simply pointing out what they believe to be the most efficient course of action for everyone involved.
Introverted Thinking (Ti):
Introverted thinking is an information-gathering function that seeks to form a framework for how the world works on a concrete, tangible level. It is adept at understanding systems and naturally notices inconsistencies within them. Introverted thinking seeks a thorough understanding of how things work – it wants to deconstruct things to look at the individual parts and see how things function as a whole.
People who lead with introverted thinking are logical, systematic and objective to a fault. They enjoy finding ‘short-cuts’ that increase efficiency within a given system. Ti-dominants are often heavily introverted, as they take a great deal of time to understand how things work before they feel comfortable sharing or acting on their knowledge.
How do I know what order I use my functions in?
It can be confusing trying to figure this out. We’re often more aware of our second function than our first, as we are somewhat removed from our second function and can see it more objectively.
Think of it like this: You are in a swimming pool and your first (or “dominant”) function is the water. It’s everywhere. It’s what you do without thinking about it. It’s your natural first impulse to every situation – it comes to you so naturally that you may not even notice yourself using it.
Your second function (known as your auxiliary function) is like the ladder, or the waterslide. To an extent, you can choose to use it or not use it. You are very aware of its presence. You can’t make it go away, but you can temporarily ignore it. You have to swim through the water to get there.
Your third and fourth functions (Or your “tertiary” and “inferior” functions) are less accessible to you, as you may not fully develop them until you are nearing middle age. When you’re younger, your third and fourth functions are primarily called upon when you are under stress. If you started drowning in the water, your tertiary and inferior functions would be the life raft that you cling to. Eventually, you can integrate them to become pool toys that you use on a regular basis. Once you’ve done this, you will finally have a well-balanced, relaxing pool experience. We can also refer to this as type actualization.
The breakdown of functions and the order in which they’re used is as follows for each type:
ENFP: Ne – Fi – Te – Si INFP: Fi – Ne – Si – Te INFJ: Ni – Fe – Ti – Se ENFJ: Fe – Ni – Se – Ti ISTJ: Si – Te – Fi – Ne ESTJ: Te – Si – Ne – Fi ISTP: Ti – Se – Ni – Fe ESTP: Se – Ti – Fe – Ni INTJ: Ni – Te – Fi – Se INTP: Ti – Ne – Si – Fe ENTJ: Te – Ni – Se – Fi ENTP: Ne – Ti – Fe – Si ISFJ: Si – Fe – Ti – Ne ISFP: Fi – Se – Ni – Te ESFJ: Fe – Si – Ne – Ti ESFP: Se – Fi – Te – Ni
Any type can, theoretically, access any of the eight cognitive functions, but tapping into a function that is not part of your type’s stacking will be an incredibly exhausting experience.
Why is it important to know about functions?
Understanding cognitive functions is imperative to understanding type. The four-letter dichotomies cannot possibly explain the complexity of our personalities – we are all thinkers, feelers, sensors and intuitives in various situations. The cognitive functions allow us to understand when we use each function and how it impacts our decision-making process.
Cognitive functions also help us to distinguish between types with clarity. No more thinking you’re an ENFP/J! Now you know that ENFPs and ENFJs actually share zero cognitive functions. If you’re an ENFP who employs a great deal of structure into your life, it simply means you’ve developed your extroverted thinking function effectively.
Lastly, having a thorough understanding of cognitive functions helps us understand how type can develop without actually changing (theoretically type does not/cannot change throughout a lifetime). An INFP may begin developing their extroverted thinking in their thirties or forties but that does not mean they are now an INTP! It simply means they are becoming a more well-rounded version of their own type.
How Each Cognitive Function Manifests Based On Its Position In Your Stacking
Heidi Priebe
Attempting to determine which cognitive functions you use within the MBTI system can be a tricky process. We are usually highly aware of our dominant and auxiliary function, but struggle to identify our tertiary and inferior functions – and there are two simple reasons for this.
The first reason is that our tertiary function doesn’t begin developing in a recognizable way until we are well into our twenties. Our inferior, on the other hand, takes until approximately middle age to develop fully. Attempting to identify one’s tertiary or inferior function before at the age of at least thirty is likely to result in a great deal of confusion and misidentification.
The second – and perhaps most prominent reason – is that the expression of our tertiary and inferior functions are warped by the expression of our dominant and auxiliary functions. Extroverted feeling looks very different in an ISTP than it does in an ENFJ. In fact, we often spend the first few decades of our lives rebelling against our inferior function – causing us to believe that we don’t possess it at all.
Below, we’ll take a look at what each cognitive function looks like in each possible position in one’s stacking. If you already know your four-letter MBTI type and want to learn which functions you possess (and where they appear in your stacking), click here.
Extroverted Intuition (Ne)
Dominant Extroverted Intuition:
As a dominant function, Ne manifests as a seemingly never-ending plethora of theories, possibilities and inventive ideas that the user is constantly picking up on.
The dominant-Ne monologue: “I am swimming in an endless sea of possibilities about what to do/experience/think about next and I want to try them all.”
Auxiliary Extroverted Intuition:
Auxiliary Ne manifests as a plethora of possibilities that arise to support or expand upon a thought or decision that the user has come to.
The auxiliary-Ne monologue: “I see a million different ways to look at the concept I’ve been analyzing and I want to consider them all.”
Tertiary Extroverted Intuition:
Tertiary Ne manifests as a series of creative solutions that may go into solving a given problem or moving them towards a goal.
The tertiary-Ne monologue: “I will consider which possibilities will best help me accomplish the goal I have set.”
Inferior Extroverted Intuition:
Inferior Ne originally manifests as a reluctance to try new ways of doing things, occasionally giving way to anxiety over the unknown.
As Ne matures, its user will become more comfortable dwelling in uncertainties and entertaining new possibilities.
The inferior-Ne monologue (prior to maturation): “It is best to stick to the most reliable methods of getting things done. There is no sense getting lost in a sea of unpredictable possibilities.”
Introverted Intuition (Ni)
Dominant Introverted Intuition:
As a dominant function, Ni manifests as a keen perception for the meaningful connections that exist between the thoughts, concepts, events and occurrences in the Ni-user’s environment.
The dominant-Ni monologue:“Everything is interconnected and I must determine the meaning and implication behind those connections.”
Auxiliary Introverted Intuition
As an auxiliary function, Ni manifests as an understanding of how one ought to go about accomplishing his or her goals, based on a keen intuitive perception of how various courses of action are likely to unfold.
The auxiliary-Ni monologue: “How can I use my intuitive knowledge about how things are connected in order to achieve what I want?”
Tertiary Introverted Intuition
As a tertiary function, Ni manifests as the desire to optimize or perfect upon one’s pre-existing talents or skills.
The tertiary-Ni monologue: “How can I improve upon – or even perfect – the approach that I regularly take toward my main passion or interest?”
Inferior Introverted Intuition
As an inferior function, Ni originally manifests as a scorn or distaste for over-analyzing what is obvious or over-planning for the future.
As inferior introverted intuition matures, the user may find themselves developing a keen ‘hunch’ for the way things are bound to unfold in the future and will enjoy entertaining these ideas.
The inferior-Ni monologue (prior to maturation):“Everyone needs to stop over-analyzing everything, the answers are literally right in front of us.”
Extroverted Sensing (Se)
Dominant Extroverted Sensing
As a dominant function, Se manifests as the desire to engage fully with the sensory aspects of one’s environment, without any restraint or pause for analysis.
The dominant-Se monologue: “I want to sample all of the experiences that are immediately available to me and see where those experiences lead me!”
Auxiliary Extroverted Sensing
As an auxiliary function, Se manifests as the desire to experience and experiment with the sensory aspects that the user has determined to be the most enjoyable or useful.
The auxiliary-Se monologue: “I want to go live out the experiences that I have determined to be the best or most enjoyable and see what happens as a result.”
Tertiary Extroverted Sensing:
As a tertiary function, extroverted sensing manifests as the user’s ability to pick up cues from their external environment and react to them with a sense of natural confidence.
The tertiary-Se monologue: “I prefer to plan ahead, but when necessary, I can think surprisingly well on my feet, as I feel in tune with what is going on around me.”
Inferior Extroverted Sensing:
As an inferior function, Se originally manifests as a distrust of the physical world that surrounds its user, or the pervasive belief that one’s intellect can and must be trusted above the sensory information that is available.
As Se matures, the user may find themselves feeling steadily more in tune with the sensory world that surrounds them, and more able to trust it as a pervasive force.
The inferior-Se monologue (prior to maturation): “I must analyze all possible outcomes of a sensory experience, as the physical world is subject to change unexpectedly, at any time.”
Introverted Sensing (Si)
Dominant Introverted Sensing:
As a dominant function, Si manifests as a powerful memory for what has worked well in the past, and the desire to structure one’s life around the traditions and positive outcomes of past experiences.
The dominant-Si monologue:“I prefer to plan the majority of my life around the traditional or tried-and-true methods of doing things, as they have proven to be the most reliable.”
Auxiliary Introverted Sensing:
As an auxiliary function, Si manifests as the preference to rely on the tried-and-true method when working to accomplish a particular goal.
The auxiliary-Si monologue:“In order to achieve what I want, I will employ the most reliable and socially acceptable method of accomplishing it.”
Tertiary Introverted Sensing
As a tertiary function, introverted sensing manifests as a proneness to nostalgia, as well as a method of contrasting the new and exciting with the old and the known.
The tertiary-Si monologue:“I will examine how my new experience or theory sizes up against my past experiences or way of understanding the world.”
Inferior Introverted Sensing
As an inferior function, introverted sensing originally manifests as a resistance to tradition or conformity of any sort.
As Si matures, the user will find themselves steadily more able to determine when traditional methods are useful in accomplishing their goals and when they are not, and will begin to feel comfortable integrating tried-and-true methods into their experiences as they see fit.
The inferior-Si monologue (prior to maturation): “Out with the old, in with the new! F*ck the system! The man can’t keep me down!”
Extroverted Thinking (Te)
Dominant Extroverted Thinking:
As a dominant function, Te manifests as the ability to clearly envision the most effective outcome to any given situation or problem and the ability to set the corresponding plans into action.
The dominant-Te monologue: “I will achieve my goal by any means necessary.”
Auxiliary Extroverted Thinking:
As an auxiliary function, Te manifests as the ability to take concrete, efficient action on the user’s analysis of what the best thing to do would be.
The auxiliary-Te monologue: “Now that I have determined the best or most reliable course of action, I will set it into motion using the most straightforward method available to me.”
Tertiary Extroverted Thinking:
As a tertiary function, Te manifests as the ability to source whichever resources are necessary to make the user’s desire a reality.
The tertiary-Te monologue: “I will employ the most straightforward method that exists in order to make my goal, dream or impulse come true.”
Inferior Extroverted Thinking:
As an inferior function, Te originally manifests as the inability to set one’s external desires or plans into motion.
As Te matures, the user finds themselves steadily more able to source the resources they require to make their dreams a reality. They also find themselves developing the ability to express their thoughts to others in a straightforward, logical manner.
The inferior-Te monologue (prior to maturation): “I have many goals I want to accomplish but often have trouble tangibly setting them into motion. I fear being perceived as incompetent by others.”
Introverted Thinking (Ti)
Dominant Introverted Thinking
As a dominant function, Ti manifests as the constant identification of logical patterns that exist in one’s external environment as well as a keen perception for any deviations from those patterns.
The dominant-Ti monologue: “I must figure out exactly how everything logistically works in relation to everything else.”
Auxiliary Introverted Thinking:
As an auxiliary function, Ti manifests as the identification of how the logical systems in the user’s external environment could be manipulated to work to their advantage.
The auxiliary-Ti monologue: “How can I manipulate the way that this object or situation works so that it instead works the way I’d like it to?”
Tertiary Introverted Thinking:
As an auxiliary function, Ti manifests as the organization of the user’s pre-existing knowledge in a logical, systematic format.
The tertiary-Ti monologue: Where does this new hunch or piece of information I’ve acquired fit in relation to what I already know to be true?
Inferior Introverted Thinking:
As an inferior function, introverted thinking originally manifests as an excessively critical view of others, as it searches for objective (and often harsh) truths about other people.
As Ti matures, the user will find themselves using the objective truths they pick up on about others to nurture and guide others in a positive fashion, rather than manipulating them for their own gain.
The inferior-Ti monologue (prior to maturation): “Can I use these objective observations about others to my advantage?”
Extroverted Feeling (Fe)
Dominant Extroverted Feeling:
As a dominant function, Fe seeks to identify what is moral by identifying what those around them value, and then to enforce those values as a measure of keeping the peace in their external environment.
The dominant-Fe monologue: “I will make those around me feel comfortable and happy in a cohesive manner, by identifying what we are all mutually striving for.”
Auxiliary Extroverted Feeling:
As an auxiliary function, Fe manifests as the urge to apply one’s understanding of a given situation in a way that will satisfy the needs and desires of others.
The auxiliary-Fe monologue: “I will analyze the information that is available to me and then see how I can use it to achieve interpersonal peace.”
Tertiary Extroverted Feeling:
As a tertiary function, Fe manifests as the ability to pick up on the motivations and emotions of those around the user. The immature Fe user may then take advantage of those feelings by manipulating them in a way that supports his or her own ends. The mature tertiary Fe user will search for a means of incorporating the needs of others into their personal plans and actions.
The tertiary-Fe monologue (prior to maturation): “I will assess the feelings of those around me to determine whether or not I can get what I want from them.”
Inferior Extroverted Feeling:
As an inferior function, Fe originally manifests as the user being reluctant to dabble with or express emotional concerns, as the user cannot logically make sense of many of his or her own emotions and therefore doesn’t feel confident in moderating them.
As Fe matures, its user will feel increasingly comfortable making and keeping emotional commitments to others, as they grow more confident in what is expected of them.
The inferior-Fe monologue (prior to maturation): “Feelings make me freeze with anxiety because I don’t know how to moderate them. I am terrified of accidentally offending someone.”
Introverted Feeling (Fi)
Dominant Introverted Feeling:
As a dominant function, Fi manifests as a moral compass that points its user toward the direction they ought to explore next, based on how they feel about the information at hand.
The dominant-Fi monologue:“I must decide how I feel and where I stand on these issues before coming to a conclusion about what to do.”
Auxiliary Introverted Feeling:
As an auxiliary function, Fi manifests as a method of reflecting on and assessing how the user feels about his or her past actions.
The auxiliary-Fi monologue: “I need to isolate myself to process how I feel about the activities I’ve been engaging in lately and decide whether or not to keep doing them.”
Tertiary Introverted Feeling:
As a tertiary function, Fi manifests as strong, unwavering set of morals and values which the user draws upon to dictate many of their major decisions.
The tertiary Fi monologue: “I must adhere to my values and morals at all costs – even if doing so is unpleasant.”
Inferior Introverted Feeling:
As an inferior function, Fi manifests as a general disdain for emotional expression and a fear of being perceived as ‘weak’ by others.
As Fi matures, its user will begin to identify the role their own personal morals play in their lives, and allow those morals to take on a greater role in their decision-making process.
The inferior-Fi monologue (prior to maturation): “Feelings are for the weak. I have no time to attend to such trivial matters in either myself or others.”
The Cognitive Stacking Of Each Type:
ENFP: Dominant Extroverted Intuition – Auxiliary Introverted Feeling –Tertiary Extroverted Thinking – Inferior Introverted Sensing
INFP: Dominant Introverted Feeling – Auxiliary Extroverted Intuition –Tertiary Introverted Sensing – Inferior Extroverted Thinking
ENFJ: Dominant Extroverted Feeling – Auxiliary Introverted Intuition –Tertiary Extroverted Sensing – Inferior Introverted Thinking
INFJ: Dominant Introverted Intuition – Auxiliary Extroverted Feeling –Tertiary Introverted Thinking – Inferior Extroverted Sensing
ISTJ: Dominant Introverted Sensing – Auxiliary Extroverted Thinking –Tertiary Introverted Feeling – Inferior Extroverted Intuition
ESTJ: Dominant Extroverted Thinking – Auxiliary Introverted Sensing –Tertiary Extroverted Intuition – Inferior Introverted Feeling
ISFJ: Dominant Introverted Sensing – Auxiliary Extroverted Feeling –Tertiary Introverted Thinking – Inferior Extroverted Intuition
ESFJ: Dominant Extroverted Feeling – Auxiliary Introverted Sensing –Tertiary Extroverted Intuition – Inferior Introverted Thinking
ESTP: Dominant Extroverted Sensing – Auxiliary Introverted Thinking –Tertiary Extroverted Feeling – Inferior Introverted Intuition
ISTP: Dominant Introverted Thinking – Auxiliary Extroverted Sensing –Tertiary Introverted Intuition – Inferior Extroverted Feeling
ESFP: Dominant Extroverted Sensing – Auxiliary Introverted Feeling –Tertiary Extroverted Thinking – Inferior Introverted Intuition
ISFP: Dominant Introverted Feeling – Auxiliary Extroverted Sensing –Tertiary Introverted Intuition – Inferior Extroverted Thinking
INTJ: Dominant Introverted Intuition – Auxiliary Extroverted Thinking– Tertiary Introverted Feeling – Inferior Extroverted Sensing
ENTJ: Dominant Extroverted Thinking – Auxiliary Introverted Intuition– Tertiary Extroverted Sensing – Inferior Introverted Feeling
ENTP: Dominant Extroverted Intuition – Auxiliary Introverted Thinking– Tertiary Extroverted Feeling – Inferior Introverted Sensing
INTP: Dominant Introverted Thinking – Auxiliary Extroverted Intuition– Tertiary Introverted Sensing – Inferior Extroverted Feeling
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Cognitive Functions as Elements
submitted by gondorcalls4aid
Extroverted Sensing: Fire
Fire burns bright and full of energy. Fire types yearns to do and experience. If they aren’t careful they can blaze out of control, burning too brightly and hurting themselves and others. But when controlled and understood, fire drives its types to live to the fullest and experience life fully.
Introverted Thinking: Metal
Metal begins raw and unformed, but it can be crafted it into tools and machines, building systems of gears and clockwork. Metal can be cold and hard, but the systems it can build wirr and tic tirelessly to solve problems and accomplish tasks.
Introverted Sensing: Stone
Stone is formed over time deep in the earth, but once formed it is firm and unyielding, standing strong against adversity. Stone can be unmoving and old fashioned, letting life and its opportunities slip by, but when it has found something worthwhile it will never abandon it.
Extroverted Feeling: Earth
Earth is a haven for green things to flourish. All forests start in the earth, growing tall and standing watch over the living things that reside within it. Earth can encourage growth too much, blocking out the sun and stifling the very forest within, but in moderation earth brightens the world we live in by feeding the growing things that make it beautiful.
Introverted Feeling: Water
Water is deep and mysterious, forming lakes and oceans that hold much more than their surface suggests. Water is powerful and dangerous when disturbed, raging and destroying with storms and floods, but when calm its purity and depth are cleansing and refreshing.
Extroverted Thinking: Ice
Ice is sharp and cold, but unlike metal it can re-form much more easily and fits whatever mold it happens to freeze in. Ice can be cold and harsh, hardening into an unapproachable wall, but it can also cut through uncertainty with sharp clarity.
Introverted Intuitive: Wind
Wind gusts high above the world, swirling in nebulous eddies and forming into clouds and storms. Wind is so formless by the standards of the world that it risks retreating and dissolving into itself, but when focused, its vantage point high above the earth gives it perspective on the movements and intentions of those below, seeing were they were, and were they will be.
Extroverted Intuitive: Lightning
Lightning flashes brightly but fades away just as quickly, leaping on to the next cloud or occasionally striking the earth in a momentary blaze of glory. Lightning can be aimless, its very existence depends on transit, but its tendency to seek out the highest point, the things that stand above the rest, makes up for its hectic comings and goings.
This is so interesting and makes a weird amount of sense
How each of the functions are described vs People I know who uses each functions as their dominant
Perceiving functions
How Se is described: The present. Experiencing the now. Aesthetics.
People I know who uses dominant Se: Can’t sit still when talking without them moving so much. Loves P.E even if some are not good at it. “I fucking dare you!”. The most energetic one in the group. “You know I might have ADHD”. They may not look like it but they know more than you think. It’s boring when they’re not around.
How Ne is described: New ideas. Possibilities. What if.
People I know who uses dominant Ne: Would run up to you only to ask “Okay imagine this. What if [insert something stupid]”. Suddenly laughs when the whole room was quiet. A lot would tell them they need medication. The jokester in the group. Sucks at story telling. Has tons of crushes. Innuendos. Curses a lot. It’s fucking true.
How Si is described: Vivid memory. Concrete facts. Traditional.
People I know who uses dominant Si: Loves telling stories about what they did when they were little. Always suspicious. Everytime I go out with them in some place they would always run into someone they know, made me believe that they have so many friends. Acts like a know it all. They can be very patient when they’re in a good mood.
How Ni is described: The big picture. Future vision. Organize things into one answer.
People I know who uses dominant Ni: Explains things in 100+ paragraphs. Not a lot enjoys watching movies with them. Gets very pissy if things don’t go accordingly to them. Definitely not Jesus. They unintentionally attract a lot of people. Quiet as fuck. Surprisingly always up for challenges. Sarcasm.
The functions featuring: A thing!
Ne: This is a thing. It is similar to these other things and related to this and that thing. These are the processes that could happen with this thing.
Se: This is a thing. It has attributes like shape, color etc. It's positioned in space relative to these other things. This is how we can influence the thing. We need to react to this thing really quick!
Si: This is a thing. We have seen things like this before. This thing is slightly different from when we last saw it. Here are some details about this thing.
Ni: This is a thing. Using all available Data, we can say that this is the implication & impact of this thing's existence. If this thing was changed like this, this is what would happen.
Fi: Do I like this thing? Is it a good or a bad thing? And why?
Ti: Do I know what this thing is? How did it get here? And why?
Fe: What does everybody think about this thing? What implications does is have for us all? Could this thing influence the mood of myself or anybody I know?
Te: What is this thing useful for? What are the consequences of this thing? Could I or someone I know somehow benefit from this thing?
My Favourite Qualities About Each Function:
Fe: They will always put you first and sacrifice heaps for your happiness, plus they are open and honest about what they feel in a generally positive way, easy to read.
Te: They say what they think and are open about their thoughts, they don’t beat around the bush and generally have a lot going on upstairs. They are problem solvers.
Fi: No matter what they will do what they think is right. They will not compromise morals for anything and they cling to their beliefs like no other. They will
Ti: They are thoughtful and they rarely say things without knowing exactly what they are talking about. They think carefully about what they do and take their time to make sure its done right.
Ni: They offer amazing new perspectives to a range of topics. Despite being intuitive they often pick up on little things that are ’off’, they trust their gut and its often right.
Ne: They always see the big picture and are great at keeping things in perspective. They always seem to have an air of fun and possibility and enjoy trying new things.
Si: They just notice every detail and they are meticulous. Their memories are crazy good and they rely heavily on past experiences. They tend to be tough and not like giving up on the things they start.
Se: Everything is an experience. Every touch, sound, smell, taste and sight is new, beautiful and desperate to be explored. They are down to earth and love a rush and a bit of fun.
The cognitive functions as gifs.
An Intro To Cognitive Functions
If You’re Confused About Your Myers-Briggs Personality Type, Read This: An Intro To Cognitive Functions
Here is an overview of the eight cognitive functions:
Perceptive Functions:
Extroverted Intuition (Ne):
Extroverted intuition generates new possibilities, synthesizes abstract ideas and picks up on connections in the external environment. Extroverted intuition is capable of entertaining multiple contradictory ideas simultaneously as it sees almost every side to every situation. It is predominantly a future-oriented function that examines all the possibilities of what could happen next.
People who lead with extroverted intuition are usually excitable, entrepreneurial and highly creative. They intrinsically enjoy debating ideas, exploring various interests and they view almost everything in life as a challenge. They are constantly thinking about what to do or experience next, but have a difficult time sticking with just one idea or plan long-term.
Introverted Intuition (Ni):
Introverted intuition forms a framework of how the world works based on thorough, abstract analysis of past and current events. It aims to identify the ‘essence’ of ideas, theories, people and situations in order to fit them into a larger schema. Introverted intuition is a forward thinking function that seeks to identify the optimal or most likely outcome of future events.
People who lead with introverted intuition are usually intense, focused and highly perceptive of inconsistencies that arise in their external environment. They enjoy riddles, puzzles and wordplay. They often experience ‘hunches’ or ‘aha’ moments that they may identify as epiphanies. Their intense foresight is a product of their future-oriented introverted intuition subtly pairing with their inferior extroverted sensing.
Extroverted Sensing (Se):
Extroverted sensing is focused on taking in the world as it exists in the present moment. It is highly in tune with the sights, smells, sounds and general physical stimulus that surrounds it. Extroverted sensing lives and thrives in the moment, more so than any other function.
People who lead with extroverted sensing are often naturally athletic, highly impulsive and enjoy ever-changing stimuli. They place a high value on aesthetics and lust after the ‘finer things in life.’ Extroverted sensors usually aren’t interested in over-analyzing a situation – they simply see what they want and they go for it. These types tend to exude a natural sense of confidence, as they are usually quite sure of who they are and what they want.
Introverted Sensing (Si):
Introverted sensing is a detail-oriented, information storage function. It takes note of facts, events and occurrences exactly as they happen and categorizes them, somewhat like an internal filing system. This is a past-oriented function that dwells predominantly on what has been and it often gives way to nostalgia.
People who lead with introverted sensing are organized and structured, as they believe in being prepared for any potential mishap. They hold tradition in high esteem and believe that the tried and true method is always the best way of getting things done. Introverted sensors believe that the future will repeat the past, more so than any other type.
Judging/Decision-Making Functions: Introverted Feeling (Fi):
Introverted feeling is the in-depth analysis of emotional processes and morality. It seeks to break down emotions to their core and understand them as wholly as possible. It also develops a strong internal system of right and wrong, which the Fi user employs to make decisions. Introverted feeling searches for the deeper meaning behind absolutely everything. Introverted feelers are highly aware of and in touch with their own emotions, and when they put themselves in the shoes of others, they can often feel their pain or joy on a personal level.
People who lead with introverted feeling are compassionate, analytical and often highly concerned with moral issues. They are usually highly creative or artistic, and may feel as though nobody else truly understands who they are deep down. Because their feelings are introverted, Fi-dominant types aren’t always comfortable expressing how they feel outwardly. They have a rich inner world that they want to guard and yet they often secretly wish that others were capable of tapping into it.
Extroverted Feeling (Fe):
Extroverted feeling is highly concerned with maintaining social norms and keeping the peace. It is a decision-making function that strives to do what is best for the group and picks up naturally on the emotions of others. It is a mirroring function that may cause the user to have trouble deciphering their own feelings without the input of others. Extroverted feeling requires social interaction to stay fulfilled, more so than any other function.
People who lead with extroverted feeling are highly reactive to the feelings of others. They seek out social interaction relentlessly, as they feel the happiest and most alive when they are in the company of loved ones. They seek to maintain harmony and keep the peace at all costs – they cannot fully enjoy themselves unless the people around them are healthy, happy and comfortable.
Extroverted Thinking (Te):
Extroverted thinking seeks to impose order on the external environment as efficiently and logically as possible. It values productivity above all else and is a results-based, action-oriented function. Extroverted thinking naturally implements concrete plans for accomplishing goals and is quick to make decisions.
People who lead with extroverted thinking are frank, decisive and highly productive in every capacity. They are natural leaders in the workplace as they are quick to take charge and impose order. Dominant extroverted thinkers may come across as bossy or opinionated to those who lack the function, but in reality they are simply pointing out what they believe to be the most efficient course of action for everyone involved.
Introverted Thinking (Ti):
Introverted thinking is an information-gathering function that seeks to form a framework for how the world works on a concrete, tangible level. It is adept at understanding systems and naturally notices inconsistencies within them. Introverted thinking seeks a thorough understanding of how things work – it wants to deconstruct things to look at the individual parts and see how things function as a whole.
People who lead with introverted thinking are logical, systematic and objective to a fault. They enjoy finding ‘short-cuts’ that increase efficiency within a given system. Ti-dominants are often heavily introverted, as they take a great deal of time to understand how things work before they feel comfortable sharing or acting on their knowledge.
How do I know what order I use my functions in?
It can be confusing trying to figure this out. We’re often more aware of our second function than our first, as we are somewhat removed from our second function and can see it more objectively.
Think of it like this: You are in a swimming pool and your first (or “dominant”) function is the water. It’s everywhere. It’s what you do without thinking about it. It’s your natural first impulse to every situation – it comes to you so naturally that you may not even notice yourself using it.
Your second function (known as your auxiliary function) is like the ladder, or the waterslide. To an extent, you can choose to use it or not use it. You are very aware of its presence. You can’t make it go away, but you can temporarily ignore it. You have to swim through the water to get there.
Your third and fourth functions (Or your “tertiary” and “inferior” functions) are less accessible to you, as you may not fully develop them until you are nearing middle age. When you’re younger, your third and fourth functions are primarily called upon when you are under stress. If you started drowning in the water, your tertiary and inferior functions would be the life raft that you cling to. Eventually, you can integrate them to become pool toys that you use on a regular basis. Once you’ve done this, you will finally have a well-balanced, relaxing pool experience. We can also refer to this as type actualization.
The breakdown of functions and the order in which they’re used is as follows for each type:
ENFP: Ne – Fi – Te – Si INFP: Fi – Ne – Si – Te INFJ: Ni – Fe – Ti – Se ENFJ: Fe – Ni – Se – Ti ISTJ: Si – Te – Fi – Ne ESTJ: Te – Si – Ne – Fi ISTP: Ti – Se – Ni – Fe ESTP: Se – Ti – Fe – Ni INTJ: Ni – Te – Fi – Se INTP: Ti – Ne – Si – Fe ENTJ: Te – Ni – Se – Fi ENTP: Ne – Ti – Fe – Si ISFJ: Si – Fe – Ti – Ne ISFP: Fi – Se – Ni – Te ESFJ: Fe – Si – Ne – Ti ESFP: Se – Fi – Te – Ni
Any type can, theoretically, access any of the eight cognitive functions, but tapping into a function that is not part of your type’s stacking will be an incredibly exhausting experience.
Why is it important to know about functions?
Understanding cognitive functions is imperative to understanding type. The four-letter dichotomies cannot possibly explain the complexity of our personalities – we are all thinkers, feelers, sensors and intuitives in various situations. The cognitive functions allow us to understand when we use each function and how it impacts our decision-making process.
Cognitive functions also help us to distinguish between types with clarity. No more thinking you’re an ENFP/J! Now you know that ENFPs and ENFJs actually share zero cognitive functions. If you’re an ENFP who employs a great deal of structure into your life, it simply means you’ve developed your extroverted thinking function effectively.
Lastly, having a thorough understanding of cognitive functions helps us understand how type can develop without actually changing (theoretically type does not/cannot change throughout a lifetime). An INFP may begin developing their extroverted thinking in their thirties or forties but that does not mean they are now an INTP! It simply means they are becoming a more well-rounded version of their own type.
Cognitive functions
How the cognitive functions can manifest in our behaviour
Like everybody else, I am surrounded by people of every tpe on a daily basis. And by being the quiet one in the corner observing and analysing people, I noticed some very similar quirks and kinds of behaviour in people of certain (healthy) types and I drew my conclusions. Now, this may not be correct or apply to everyone using these functions, so take it with a grain of salt. (And just on a sidenote, though I’m quite confident in my English, it’s not my native language. So, if some expressions seem odd, or the tenses used are weirdly jumbled and don’t make much sense, I apologise. Feel free to point out any language mistakes to me. Would be very appreciated.) If you disagree or would like to add something else you noticed, please do. high Ni: High Ni users tend to be very perceptive people when it comes to certain things. They usually have a piercing stare that might make you uncomfortable because it feels like they are diving deep into your soul and are analysing all your strengths and insecurities. Though I noticed that there is a difference in the stares, depending on the function Ni is accompanied by. Te may have a more penetrant quality to it as they notice the details about you. Fe may rather make it feel like they are intrigued and interested in a sense that they figure you out by analysing your mannerism and body language rather than details such as clothing. Also, high Ni users tend to stare at, or rather through, something when they are thinking. Even then it’s quite intense. To that, high Ni users tend to make little pauses in the middle of a sentence while speaking. They hardly ever fill these short periods of silence with “uhm”. When they talk it’s always like they have prepared this speech for a very long time because it’s well thought out, when in fact, they just came up with it. And they will often avoid eye contact when they are talking. NFJs may watch you closely when you’re the one talking, but the other way round, they won’t be able to focus on what they are saying if they are looking at you at the same time, so their eyes will wander around, avoiding your face. high Ne: High Ne users, on the other hand, often use fill words like “uhm” frequently, many times in a row. They talk fast, but it’s like they have to bring order to their thought process while speaking, so they have to pull themselves in the direction of a single thought, it seems, which may result in almost stutter-ish words, even though they don’t actually stutter. They just repeat the first sounds at the beginning of a word or phrase. And then they speed up and squish hundreds of uhms in a little sentence. Though I mostly noticed this in auxiliary Ne, escpecially in INTPs when they are extremely excited by something. Ne-doms, especially ENTPs, may look you directly in the eye while talking and won’t break eye contact for half a minute, which is kind of irritating to be honest, but it always feels like you are just an anchor they address when they themselves are focused inwards. high Se: I don’t know what it is, but high Se users somehow always appear to be exactly where they want to be and like this is exactly where they belong. Even if they’re just standing at a bus stop or going grocery shopping, they are so present. Like they really belong in this world. Fascinates me every time. high Si: Si is very difficult to notice in people, at least for me. I can’t think of any specific mannerisms. I really only notice high Si in someone when they suddenly say something like my ESFJ friend recently: “It’s three years ago today that we were in London. Do you remember? It was raining and we went in that little cafe and you had a blueberry muffin that looked delicious and there were crumbs all over the table and I loved the red jumper you were wearing. I really miss that moment.” (Just as a side note, I only vaguely remembered that we fled from the rain into a cafe and that I was getting a cold.) Or when they get you a special kind of cookies because they remembered you saying aeons ago that you loved those. high Ti: High Ti users have this typical “let me think” look when they are, in fact, thinking. Their eyes will wander across the room, but their focus is inwards, they probably don’t even know they’re doing it. Sometimes they do this while talking. Then it’s always like they are thinking out loud or explaining something to themselves, and not directly talking to you. Paired with Ne, especially in INTPs, perhaps because of the inferior Fe, they may start explaining a thought process while they are having it, start at the beginning, pause for a second, and then suddenly jump right to the conclusion, so that you have no idea what the hell they are talking about. Also, let me tell you, as an INFJ, I ususally get a reading on everyone in the room. But IxTPs are a mystery. I can stare at them for hours and still have absolutely no clue what they are thinking about. high Te: High Te is also a bit difficult to notice just by observing. It’s less visible in body language or speech patterns, but rather in the way they treat people. It’s not necessarily the stereotypical bossing people around, I don’t find that to be true. Just imagine following scenario: You are sitting in a class, let’s say in a tutorial and it’s not this tense teacher-student-atmosphere. You are asking the TA a question, but before the TA can answer you, the Te user sitting next to you suddenly jumps in and answers your question in front of the class. It’s rather that high Te users often naturally resume responsibilty when they think of themselves as competent enough, even if they aren’t the authority figure present. high Fi: As a high Fe user myself, I’d like to start describing this as the fact that high Fi users actually have emotions. It sounds weird, but for me, it’s a bit irritating that some people actually have such strong emotions and know about them. Like, whether they are grumpy or cheerful or sad, the energy they give off is incredibly strong. They always appear very well composed, but when they feel good or bad, you’ll notice. If they’re happy, it’s like they are invincible and nothing will ever bring them down. Also, there is a significant difference to Fe when it comes to talking about feelings. If you’re close to them, they may tell you what happened and what is going on, but they won’t describe exactly what they’re feeling. They already know. There’s no need to tell you. Concerning morality or ethics, they usually have strong convictions they believe in and if you state something that disagrees with those convictions, they are much more likely to stand up for their principles and fight you without compromise than an Fe user would. high Fe: High Fe is probably the easiest to notice of all the functions. Just go and talk to them, tell them a story that happened to you and they will go “Aww”, “Oh no!”, “Really? I’m so sorry”, “That’s so cool” or they’ll just nod or laugh at every little joke you say, not because they think it is funny, but because they will do everything to make you feel comfortable in their presence. But there is a slight difference between SFJs and NFJs that I noticed. While NFJs like to go into chamaeleon mode and try to be nice to literally everyone they meet, SFJs are also usually very nice, but their energy seems to be more concentrated on their circle of friends and family and in a stronger way, and less on a more global range as the NFJs. When you’re talking to them, they are likely to solely focus on you and direct their body at you and may even mirror your body language. If they trust you, high Fe users will tell you about their feelings, but much differently compared to Fi users. Fe users will tell you what happened and will then try to describe exactly what it is they are feeling and how this feeling feels.