If you're an archaeologist* and have a Tumblr, reblog this or sound off in the comments! I figured it's high time we put together a directory of sorts.
*for our purposes, archaeologist can mean someone who has or is working on a degree in archaeology, you don't necessarily have to be currently practicing. If you have a blog that is specifically archaeology focused, include that and what your specialty is!
It’s been a while since I’ve actually introduced myself, so might as well take this as an opportunity, so thanks Reid!
I’m Mice/Mouse to most - your neighbourhood Australian archaeologist!
My blog primarily focuses on random archaeology things I come across that I find interesting - come ask me questions about things, I’m always keen for a chat and to help people learn about archaeology, Australia, and our extensive history!
I work in Australia in consulting archaeology (CRM as I think it’s more commonly referred to in the US), primarily with Aboriginal archaeology.
My specialty when I studied was in Australian multicultural heritage, which I wrote an entire thesis on, and am regularly tempted to return to. If you ask me, or I get the whim, it’s incredibly easy to get my to gush about it.
Really hate that most people don’t understand the difference between “self-expression” and “artistic-expression.”
I say this as someone who sells pottery, and many people who see my art assume I am using art as an outlet to “express myself.”
I am not.
I use art to challenge myself. A lot of what I do is the equivalent of doing a hard sudoko or a half marathon, answering the question of “can I do this?”
I use art to question things and explore ideas. Finding physical synthesis between concepts and working out a design to its end state.
I use art to make money. I make some things just because I suspect they’ll sell well, and I keep making them when they do.
This idea that an artist is “putting themselves out there” every time they create is not only stupid, but harmful, and it kills critique and analysis.
Yes every creative work is influenced by its creator, but the most preliminary step of analysis is to define the purpose of a work of art (functional, narrative, entertainment, persuasive, decorative, ceremonial, etc.) and a vanishingly small percentage of that is self-expression. Even then, it’s generally tied to the self’s relationship with something else—perception, society, etc.
It’s very tiresome to have people assume they know you because they like (or dislike) your art, to make assumptions about who you are and how you approach the world. It’s nothing new— people called the Impressionists insane and the Fauvists degenerate. And now people are expected to hand out their identities and traumas to prove they have the right to explore certain subjects.
But to actually understand art, you have to contextualize it beyond assuming it’s just what the artist felt like making at the moment and it’s somehow coming from their deepest soul, or you’ll badly misinterpret most art you come across.
i think people get so used to their own creative work that they forget how amazing it is so i’m making this post as a reminder You are the only person capable of making art the exact way you make it. nobody else on earth can do that. there are always going to be those little habits and intricacies and details that simply cannot be replicated whether it’s in writing or painting or textiles and you make life all the better for it i love my friends’ art i love art from strangers im trying to love my own art I LOVE YOU!!! THE PERSON READING THIS!!!!!!! YOU ARE A PART OF THIS WORLD NEVER EVER STOP MAKING THINGS THAT CAN IMPACT IT
"Racialised" is much better than PoC but I've been leaning a lot on the concept of racial markedness. Because that allows us to make statements like "the name Jamal is racially marked in USA". Rather than saying something like "Jamal is a PoC name", a nonsense statement, saying it's racially marked in USA allows us to contrast with societies like Albania or the Arab countries where the name Jamal is ordinary, thus unmarked.
It's a concept I've kind of imported from linguistic analysis; saying a speech pattern is more or less marked does not really allow us to avoid the subject of who's doing the marking. A statement like "womens' speech is more marked in Lakota" necessitates that we understand that it's the Lakota who are marking womens' speech. A foreigner can't tell the difference and probably doesn't understand why it would thus be weird to see a man using speech patterns associated with women, in the same way an Albanian wouldn't understand why USA people would think Jamal is a Black name.
You! You get it. In my view, if someone is saying "racialised" or "racially marked" without acknowledgement of context, they are doing it in a way that is gramatically incorrect.
[Start ID: tumblr tags that read "#ohhh fuck that's a really good way of lookking at it #it forces the relative nature of it all to the forefront #it *makes* the listener pay attention to the fact that their context isn't THE context #and removes the assumption of Default]
Back in 2017, @leotide posted this incredible piece, which is easily one of my favourite scientific illustrations of all time.
An actual photo of a skinless Geckolepis (here a never-before-posted photo of a G. cf. maculata, not G. megalepis) is below the cut. There is no blood or gore, but I could see how this would make some uncomfortable, so I have hidden it.
I have examined dozens of museum specimens of these geckos, and I haven't found a single one that appeared never to have lost at least some part of its skin or tail and regrown them. So, although it seems extreme, this is something these geckos do readily, and are specially adapted to do. Remarkably, they seem to be able to make a full recovery, even when a huge portion of the skin is lost in this way. They seek shelter in a humid spot, and let the skin regrow—a process that apparently only takes a matter of weeks. And yes, it's the whole dermis, not just the scales. This makes my work as a taxonomist very hard, because counting scales is one of the most reliable ways to tell lizard species apart.
The readiness with which these geckos lose their scales means that a careless capture can quickly result in an animal that looks like the one pictured above. Many museum specimens look like this one—impossible to count scales on. It is for this reason that I have developed special techniques to work with these geckos. It honestly shocks me that they are in the pet trade; you could not ask for a more fragile reptile pet!
things I won’t let ai take away from human writers
em dash
“not x, not y, but z”
short sentence stacking as a stylistic choice
none of these belong to ai. these are all what human writers have been writing since day one, way before ai was invented. ai was trained to mimic how human writers write — so em dash, not x not y but z and short sentence stacking would never have been used by ai at all if ai hadn’t learned and mimicked them from human writers.
no, you are not “fighting against ai” by accusing every work that has em dash, not x not y but z or short sentence stacking in it as ai-generated, you are helping ai harm the writing community by engaging in witch hunt and scaring human writers away from creating/sharing their works for fear of being wrongly accused of using ai.
speculations, accusations and ai witch hunt harm the writing community as much as ai does, if not more.
Skeletons of early modern whalers reveal widespread scurvy, pipe smoking and heavy physical labor.
Archaeologists investigating a 17th-century graveyard in the high Arctic are uncovering evidence of the perils that plagued early modern whalers, including extensive physical labor in their jobs and diseases such as scurvy. But the burial site is disappearing rapidly due to climate change, making archaeological excavations a race against time.
1,200-year-old giant 'death jar' in Laos contains generations of human skeletons
Archaeologists excavating an unusual "death jar" in Laos have discovered that it was used to collect the partly decomposed remains of multiple generations of people around 1,200 years ago. And rather than being the deceased's final burial spot, the jar may represent one step in a complex mortuary process.
Egypt unearths a hidden cache of 3,500-year-old coffins at Luxor’s Abu el-Naga
The coffins, featuring brightly painted scenes and hieroglyphic inscriptions, were likely moved from their original burial sites during a period of instability, leading to some damage to the mummies inside.
Evidence of submerged settlement found near Lankaran
Archaeologists working along the coast of the Caspian Sea, near Lankaran — a city on the southern coast of Azerbaijan — have uncovered evidence of what appears to be a medieval settlement, including pottery dating back nearly 1,000 years.
Roman woman's remains found during hospital dig
The woman, believed to be of high-status, was found buried in a decorated lead coffin at the former Essex County Hospital site.
INAH discovers a series of burials from the Teotihuacan Period
The archaeological salvage team working alongside the Mexico–Querétaro train project has uncovered a series of funerary contexts, including cists and shaft tombs.
Researchers stunned by a forgotten medieval book in Rome hiding the oldest English poem
The discovery sheds light on the English language’s wide diffusion, long before what was previously understood.
Ancient Venetic sanctuary discovered beneath roadworks near Padua
An ancient sanctuary containing inscriptions in the Venetic language was discovered in Ponso during infrastructure works for the construction of the first section of the SR10 “Padana Inferiore” regional road between Borgo Veneto and Carceri.
Bronze Age stone with face found in Alderney dig
A standing stone which looks like it has a face carved into it has been found in an archaeological dig at a site in Alderney.
Satellite imagery reveals monumental tombs in Sudan's Atbai Desert
A new survey of Eastern Sudan’s Atbai Desert mapped hundreds of previously unidentified archaeological features that are providing new clues about what life was like in the region prior to the rise of pharaonic Egypt.
The first domesticated horses: 6,000 years of a complex relationship
Horses were being ridden, managed, and exchanged centuries earlier than previously believed, according to new research that is reshaping the story of horse domestication and its impact on human history.
Tudor fort to be uncovered during coastline dig
The Tudor blockhouse was built in 1543 to defend the mouth of the Colne estuary on Mersea Island, Essex.
Never-seen-before plaster wall of Tutankhamun’s tomb unveiled in Egypt
Egyptian authorities have unveiled a plaster blocking wall from King Tutankhamun's tomb in Luxor, an artefact described as unparalleled due to its survival from ancient looters.
Rare centuries-old notebook discovered in medieval latrine
Although researchers acknowledged the site retained “a rather unpleasant odor,” the damp and airtight chambers were ideal for preservation. The palm-sized notebook is made of leather, wood, and wax, materials that show few signs of decay even after 700 to 800 years underground.
Funerary structure with ceremonial offerings discovered at Kuélap
Archaeologists working at the ancient fortress of Kuélap in northern Peru have uncovered a funerary structure containing the remains of five individuals alongside ceremonial offerings of significant cultural value.
Lost Bibliotheca Palatina manuscript identified in university library collection
A fifteenth-century manuscript held for decades in the collection of Heidelberg University Library has been identified as part of the famed Bibliotheca Palatina, one of the most important libraries of the Renaissance.
2,400-year-old Iron Age structure found beneath German construction site
Archaeologists in the city of Aschaffenburg in Bavaria, Germany, have uncovered a remarkably preserved Iron Age structure during construction work near the Main River, a discovery researchers say could transform understanding of the region’s early settlement history.
Signs of ‘feeding’ ritual at dingo burial site shed new light on bond between First Nations people and canines
The discovery of a millennium-old dingo burial site in western New South Wales, including evidence of a “feeding” ritual never before documented archaeologically, has shed new light on the longstanding relationship between the canines and First Nations people.
800-year-old 'hugging skeletons' are genetically confirmed as Poland's only medieval same-sex double burial
Two skeletons found in an embrace next to a 13th-century Polish cathedral were both women, an ancient DNA analysis confirms, but their relationship remains a mystery.
Oh my god, they were tomb mates
Ancient rock carvings found in Oman’s Hajar Al-Sinanat region
Archaeologists in northern Oman have uncovered a rare prehistoric rock art site featuring a massive rock face covered in ancient carvings at Hajar Al-Sinanat in Al-Khaboura, North Al-Batinah Governorate.
Portugal burial reveals first known bone dental bridge in national archaeological record
The item is estimated to date to the 19th century and is likely to have served a more aesthetic than functional purpose.
Doctor's kit found on Mount Vesuvius victim in Pompeii
A man who died in Pompeii during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79 had a medical kit with him when he perished, a new analysis of his body cast reveals.
Roman silver coin hoard found in field
In total, the pair uncovered 97 silver coins and six copper alloy coins, just a few inches below the surface. The coins span more than 200 years of Roman history, from the time of Mark Antony in 32BC to the joint rule of Septimius Severus and Caracalla in the early 3rd century.
Ancient stadium of Perge was remodeled for Roman entertainments
The first-century A.D. stadium in the ancient city of Perge was converted into an amphitheater and used for executions involving wild animals during the third century.
Medieval teeth open a new perspective on leprosy care and toxic medicine
A recent study published in the Journal of Archaeological Science investigated the potential use of mercury-based treatments for leprosy during the late medieval period.
Gdańsk excavation reveals medieval tombstone with Latin cross
Archaeologists working in central Gdańsk, Poland, have uncovered a 13th-century granite tombstone featuring a carved Latin cross during excavations at the former site of the city’s well-known Miś ice cream parlour.
Migrants were a continuous feature of medieval Britain, archaeological study shows
Scientific research shows that rather than a victim of invasion, early medieval Britain was a cultural melting pot.
Peru’s sacred hairless dogs lived alongside elites 1,300 years ago
Archaeologists have found the remains of a Peruvian hairless dog breed that dates back about 1,300 years, shedding new light on the function of dogs in ancient Andean societies.
Archaeologists use drone to survey inside medieval well at Sheffield Castle
Archaeologists have completed a new survey of a medieval well at Sheffield Castle, revealing fresh details about a structure that once supplied water to the castle’s inhabitants during both daily life and wartime.
Remains of 38 bodies found at old hospital site a 'significant' discovery
The bones of men, women and infants were uncovered on land at the old Cardigan Memorial Hospital site in Ceredigion, which is being developed by Wales and West Housing Association.
Museums
The Canadian Museum for Human Rights has been threatened with legal action by an Israeli organization over an exhibition about the Nakba.
The Canadian Museum for Human Rights in Winnipeg has been threatened with legal action by an Israeli organization over an exhibition about the Nakba, with the group arguing that the presentation “politicizes” history, according to local media reports.
Fights about what should or should not be included in this museum have been happening since it was announced. Working there sounds so stressful.
As democracy falters, a New York museum champions activism
This fall, the Museum of the City of New York in East Harlem will open the Puffin Foundation Center for Social Activism, dedicated to civic engagement, social justice, and the city’s rich history as a hotbed of political organizing.
More than 100 Seattle Art Museum workers plan to unionize
The union, called the Seattle Art Museum Workers United, will represent workers in over 20 front- and back-end departments. The union told SAM director and CEO Scott Stulen of its formation in a letter, writing: “Our solidarity is a movement to improve working conditions in alignment with SAM’s mission, vision, and core values.”
House rejects Smithsonian women’s history museum bill after partisan split
The House rejected legislation Thursday to advance construction of the Smithsonian American Women’s History Museum after a partisan battle broke out in recent days over the long-sought building.
New language added in the House Administration Committee last month dedicated the museum to “preserving, researching, and presenting the history, achievements, and lived experiences of biological women in the United States” and prohibited the institution from seeking to “identify, present, describe, or otherwise depict any biological male as a female.”
Parliamentary report calls for major changes at French museums in the wake of Louvre heist
The French parliamentary commission raises alarms over the “worrying condition” of their collections and proposes 40 recommendations amid rising threats to museums.
Bayeux Tapestry to be displayed 'flat along its full length' in London for first time
The famous Bayeux Tapestry will be shown in London for the first time "laid out flat and in its full length in a specially designed display case," according to the British Museum.
Five Scottish collections awarded national significance status
Five museum collections, ranging from linoleum flooring to rare Iron Age textiles, have been awarded national significance status by Museums Galleries Scotland.
Louvre names architects for ‘New Renaissance’ project
The Paris office of STUDIOS Architecture, together with Selldorf Architects, will lead the project, which includes the creation of new galleries and a new lobby. STUDIOS is an international collective founded in 1985 with offices in New York, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Toronto, and Washington, D.C.
Lack of staff is biggest challenge facing museum directors this year
Staff shortfalls are the number one challenge currently facing museum directors – putting pressure on existing teams and leading to a long-term decline in core collections activity.
The problem is largely caused by funding shortfalls and wage inflation, leaving many unable to fill vacant roles or reliant on short-term contracts. The impact is concerning – as well as negatively affecting workforce wellbeing, low staffing levels have left museums “struggling to meet rising demand, expectations and potential”.
Sotheby’s launches museum partnership series, starting with exhibition by New York’s Hispanic Society Museum & Library
When Sotheby’s moved into the Breuer building last year, the auction house inherited more than just a famous slab of Marcel Breuer modernism on Madison Avenue. It also inherited the ghost of a museum.
Now, Sotheby’s is leaning into that history in earnest, and with more than its usual blockbuster, star-studded evening sales.
After whistleblower complaint, Palm Springs Art Museum declines to release report on allegations of fraud and theft, claims they are ‘not substantiated’
The Palm Springs Art Museum in California has released a three-page statement saying that an investigation conducted in response to a whistleblower complaint alleging mismanagement and fraud found no wrongdoing by the museum. The museum declined to provide a copy of the resulting report, which will not be publicly released.
Tentacles, pointy teeth and the T-rex of the sea: the Natural History Museum on beasts that once ruled the oceans
A new exhibition, Jurassic Oceans, showcases the fearsome creatures that lurked below the surface – and offers a stark warning about the impact of warming waters on marine ecosystems today.
Repatriation
Collections research work at Kings Own Royal Regiment Museum supported by Museums Association’s Esmée Fairbairn Communities and Collections
The Kings Own Royal Regiment Museum Trust in Lancaster repatriated two items to Ethiopia in a ceremony held this week.
1,200-year-old limestone lintel was inadvertently repatriated to Mexico instead of to Guatemala
The cultural minister of Guatemala has begun the process to reclaim a 1,200-year-old stone lintel that was repatriated from the United States to Mexico in mid-April.
Wellcome Collection to return 2,000 manuscripts in landmark agreement
The Wellcome Collection in London has committed to returning around 2,000 sacred manuscripts to the Jain religious community as part of a “landmark” restitution framework agreement.
Authorities in New York return more than 650 looted antiquities, valued at nearly $14m, to India
The objects were recovered through investigations into trafficking networks, including those linked to convicted smuggler Subhash Kapoor and trafficker Nancy Wiener.
Heritage at risk
Millions of documents chronicling generations of trauma saved from Gaza and East Jerusalem in 10-month Unrwa operation
A 10-month operation to save the archives kept by UNRWA in Gaza and East Jerusalem was reaching its final stages. The effort had been highly sensitive and sometimes dangerous. It had already involved dozens of UNRWA staff in at least four different countries, risky trips to rescue documents under bombardment, officials carefully carrying unmarked envelopes into Egypt, and precious boxes airlifted to safety in military planes.
US-Mexico border wall construction is desecrating sacred sites, Indigenous leaders say
Indigenous leaders say that in the Trump administration’s rush to build border walls, contractors are desecrating Native American sacred places and cultural sites at an unprecedented pace, more than 170 years after the international boundary split the territories of dozens of tribes.
British MPs face Hobson’s Choice for restoration of the crumbling, unsafe Palace of Westminster
It is crunch time for the home of the UK Parliament—after decades of neglect, it is structurally unsound and barely fit for purpose. But even the most basic option for fixing it will cost billions and take decades.
'This history is gone': Harbour Grace resident mourns demolition of heritage building
The demolition of a 188-year-old heritage structure in Harbour Grace caught residents off guard last week, but the town says it was a matter of public safety.
Heritage NL warns other heritage structures are at risk of demolition
Heritage NL is highlighting another heritage building in the town of Harbour Grace worthy of preserving after two historic structures recently fell to the wrecking ball.
Water pours in while funds trickle: Concerns mount over state of 4 northern N.B. museums
Some museums haven't been renovated for decades, but are doing what they can to stay open.
Parishioners issue Hail Mary to save historic Halifax church as development looms
The Archdiocese of Halifax Yarmouth recently requested expressions of interest from developers to construct a housing project where St. Patrick's Catholic Church stands at 2263 Brunswick St. Potential partners had until May 15 to submit their expressions of interest.
It would be an absolute travesty to knock this down, St. Patrick's is a beautiful building. But Halifax seems to be on a mission to demolish as much of its built heritage as possible.
Just knock this down and build condos, why not
National Trust names America’s 11 most endangered historic places, including sites targeted by Trump administration
Among those selected are two sites that have drawn the ire of the Trump administration, the Stonewall National Monument in New York, often considered the birthplace of the gay right’s movement, and the President’s House Site in Philadelphia, which served as the presidential home prior to the capital’s relocation to Washington.
Eternal flame, burning for 1,200 years, survives blaze at Buddhist hall in Japan
A sacred Buddhist hall on the top of Mount Misen in Japan was destroyed by fire—but an “eternal flame” said to have been burning for more than a millennium was rescued and moved to another site, where it continues to glow.
Odds and ends
Dozens of scientists have banded together to pen scathing research letters to the journal Science about the publication of a study claiming
A controversial study published in the journal Science in March claimed that Monte Verde, a 14,500-year-old Paleo-Indian archaeological site in Chile that is one of the oldest human occupations in the Americas, was actually only 8,200 years old. But in a collection of three scientific letters published last week, 30 experts have critiqued the study's "substantive errors and misrepresentations" and asserted that the study's claims are "categorically false and found to be unsupported."
A 4,500-year-old building near Stonehenge has been brought back to life
More than 100 volunteers have built a 20-foot high structure using the tools and techniques of Neolithic England.
Engaging with arts and culture can slow biological aging as much as exercise, study suggests
The study found that both the frequency with which people engage with the arts, as well as the number of different ways in which they do so, can slow the aging process.
Who’s behind the residential school denialism movement?
A network of retired academics and think tanks is chipping away at established truths.
Czech police find stolen skull of medieval saint encased in concrete
An 800-year-old relic believed to be the skull of Saint Zdislava, stolen this week from a Czech church, has been recovered encased in concrete as experts work to extract it, police have said.
'Ancient' statues fraud foiled by fake paperwork
A fraudster who tried to sell bogus ancient statues to Sotheby's was foiled when his fake accompanying paperwork was found to be written with printing methods that were 25 years too modern, a court heard.
Hamburg culture prize renamed after namesake’s Nazi ties emerge
A culture prize that has been awarded in Germany for nearly five decades will be renamed due to the Nazi ties of the man who was the prize’s namesake when it was founded. The Senator Biermann Ratjen Medal will now be called the Medal for Art and Culture in Hamburg.
Les Invalides: 350 years of service to wounded soldiers and victims of war
For more than three centuries, Les Invalides in Paris has been a hospice for wounded soldiers, Holocaust survivors and more recently victims of the Bataclan bombings. Its mission was initiated by Louis XIV in the 17th century. Now, its ageing facilities are undergoing a major renovation.
Paris judge rejects bid to suspend the replacement of Notre-Dame’s windows
A Paris judge has rejected a request to halt the removal of six 19th-century stained-glass windows by Eugène Viollet-le-Duc from Notre-Dame Cathedral, which are to be replaced by government-commissioned contemporary works, dealing a blow to the preservationist campaign opposing the project.
A new history of the US In 100 objects
From a single gold coin's journey through the centuries, to an ingenious screw that changed engineering, the extraordinary stories behind 100 of the most significant and intriguing artefacts in US history will be explored in a new podcast.
Daunian kyathos: A 2,700-year-old ceramic cup from Italy decorated with an exuberant-looking, bug-eyed fellow
Centuries before the Romans took over southern Italy, the heel of the peninsula was occupied by the Daunians, whose unique pottery and grave markers are some of the only remains of this enigmatic group. One common archaeological discovery is the Daunian kyathos, a one-handled, painted piece of pottery that may have functioned as a ladle for mixing wine.
An excellent Little Guy
And finally, over on Lego Ideas, there's an archaeology dig set!
IF YOU SEE ANY PAINTING BY "EMILE CORSI" ON HERE, DO NOT REBLOG IT THINKING IT'S REAL AND FROM THE 1800s. IT IS AI-GENERATED AND EMILE CORSI IS NOT A HISTORICAL FIGURE
And if you love the vibes and wish you could find something similar painted by a real person, let me introduce you to John William Waterhouse, on whose work the AI was definitely trained:
really important tags actually! australia is an incredibly beautiful, biodiverse country with the oldest continuing cultures on earth who have lived on and with the land for at a minimum sixty-five thousand years. reducing australia to a 'top ten animals that will kill you maliciously' listicle ignores all of this
*grabs tumblr by the face* hey, hey look at me. whatever you do, we are NOT pivoting to "well Hatshepsut COULD be trans because she never said she WASN’T" after we spent years undoing the whole thing where people shoehorn modern gender frameworks into the perception of ancient historical figures whose culture didn't have this framework. we are NOT going to use "don't put words in the ancients' mouths" as an excuse to say "it could still be true because she never said it was false". Hatshepsut - and before her several other female kings like Sobekneferu and Tawosret - only referred to herself with masculine pronouns when she grammatically had to, while she used feminine pronouns everywhere else she could, indicating that she likely didn’t consider herself as anything other than a woman per the ancient Egyptian constructs of such.
With millions of feral rabbits currently hopping around the continent, you might wonder if the viruses that kept their numbers down in the p
This is not "yes". This is bad. Rabbits are horrifyingly invasive in Australia. So invasive, in fact, that we built a 1,833-kilometre (1,139 mi) long fence to keep them out of Western Australia. They are believed to be the single largest cause of species loss in the entire country.
Almost every measure to control them has failed, and the most recent successful one, introduction of the myxomatosis and calicivirus diseases, have started to fail as rabbits have developed genetic resistances.
I know y'all love rabbits, but they are just horrifyingly harmful here.
One of the most annoying genres of people on the internet are people who act like they believe science is one single monolithic thing. Like, you'll see an article saying something like "scientists studying the movement of tectonic plates", and then in the comments there'll be several smug people saying "smh why are scientists doing this instead of finding a cure for cancer", like. Why would a geologist be doing that.
