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Grammar

Lesson Thirty-One: Telling Time

Hours

When telling time, you would use NATIVE numbers for the hour. Let’s review native numbers 1-12.

하나 = One

둘 = Two

셋 = Three

넷 = Four

다섯 = Five

여섯 = Six

일곱 = Seven

여덟 = Eight

아홉 = Nine

열 = Ten

열하나 = Eleven

열둘 = Twelve

You can add the word “시” to express “hour.” A few numbers are shortened for the ease of pronunciation.

하나 + 시 -> 한 시 / 1시 = 1 o’clock

둘 + 시 -> 두 시 / 2시 = 2 o’clock

셋 + 시 -> 세 시 / 3시 = 3 o’clock

넷 + 시 -> 네 시 / 4시 = 4 o’clock

다섯 시 / 5시 = 5 o’clock

여섯 시 / 6시 = 6 o’clock

일곱 시 / 7시 = 7 o’clock

여덟 시 / 8시 = 8 o’clock

아홉 시 / 9시 = 9 o’clock

열 시 / 10시 = 10 o’clock

열하나 + 시 -> 열한 시 / 11시 = 11 o’clock

열둘 + 시 -> 열두 시 / 12시 = 12 o’clock

Minutes

While you’d use Native Korean numbers for hours, you’d use SINO Korean numbers for minutes. Let’s review Sino Korean numbers 1-10.

일 = One

이 = Two

삼 = Three

사 = Four

오 = Five

육 = Six

칠 = Seven

팔 = Eight

구 = Nine

십 = Ten

Similar to using “시” to express “hour”, you can use “분” to express “minute.”

일 분 / 1분 = One Minute

오 분 / 5분 = Five Minutes

십 분 / 10분 = Ten Minutes

이심이 분 / 22분 = Twenty-Two Minutes

삼십 분 / 30분 = Thirty Minutes

오십칠 준 / 57분 = Fifty-Seven Minutes

Hour + Minutes

Now let’s combine the two!

다섯 시 사십 분 / 5시 40분 = 5:40

열한 시 이십이 분 / 11시 22분 = 11:22

일곱 시 팔 분 / 7시 8분 = 7:08

열두 시 오십오 분 / 12시 55분 = 12:55

두 시 삼십 분 / *두 시 반 / 2시 30분 = 2:30

*To express half an hour you could also say 두 시 반(Half).

AM and PM

Another important aspect of telling time is expressing AM and PM if you are using the 12-hour clock.

AM / Forenoon = 오전

PM / Afternoon = 오후

You would add 오전 or 오후 BEFORE the time.

오전 오 시 반 / 오전 5시 반 = 5:30 am

오후 여덟 시 십오 분 / 오후 8시 15분 = 8:15 pm

If you want to get more specific, here are a few other options:

Dawn (1-6 am) = 새벽

Morning (7-11 am) = 아침

Evening (6-11 pm) = 저녁 / 밤

theclonewriter-blog

“This is your daily, friendly reminder to use commas instead of periods during the dialogue of your story,” she said with a smile.

onewordtest

“Unless you are following the dialogue with an action and not a dialogue tag.” He took a deep breath and sat back down after making the clarifying statement.

joehywheelah

“However,” she added, shifting in her seat, “it’s appropriate to use a comma if there’s action in the middle of a sentence.”

tenoko1

“True.” She glanced at the others. “You can also end with a period if you include an action between two separate statements.”

cj-amused

Things I didn’t know

prismatic-bell

“And–” she waved a pen as though to underline her statement–“if you’re interrupting a sentence with an action, you need to type two hyphens to make an en-dash.”

jawnwats-deactivated20160713

You guys have no idea how many students in my advanced fiction workshop didn’t know any of this when writing their stories.

notesoftruth

Okay, but someone please explain question marks when followed by a dialogue tag. How do?

flootzavut

“The speech tag is still part of the previous sentence,” she explained, ‘so it isn’t capitalised.“

“What do you mean?” he asked. “But there’s a full stop as part of the question mark!”

She nodded gravely. “I know!” she said. “A lot of people find this confusing. But the speech tag belongs to the line of dialogue, it’s still part of the sentence, so it’s wrong to capitalise it.”

She reblogged the post again, because she had recently read far too many potentially enjoyable stories marred by poor dialogue punctuation.

notvoid

studentbyprofession

Here's some motivational advice and inspirations I've received recently that could help productive study with positivity during lockdown:

Keep studying on regular basis. ~ Don't read a whole day and skip the next day, don't make it a habit. Ultimately you'd get stressed while you're chilling and depression would eventually hamper your study .

YOU - yes, you matter. Find out your reading style and don't get too stressed about things. Rather take your lessons easily and follow your own style.

Try relating your studies with your life. ~ We get attentive to things or speech when we see they're telling our inside words. So while reading any lesson, try connecting it with your life too.

Fill the gaps ~ Try to study the lessons that you are weak at during this lockdown. If you know that you are good at the topic and you'll remember it all if you just take a look before exam, then skip it and move on to the topics that are your weakness. Gradually you'd complete all the things.

Focus on trying hardest ~ If you've been too lazy or unproductive, now it's time for you to try your best and try hardest . No more waiting, you've got to start working hard

Be spiritual ~ It'd help you keep a calm head. Well, also an advice is not only for now but for whole life. Remembering the Creator (for me as a Muslim, praying daily) and sharing your problems with Him through prayers heal your heart.

Believe in quality, not quantity ~ You can spend a whole day with books and notes and gain little productivity or you read for certain hours full of productivity. So no matter how much time you spend, try making it profitable.

Problematic lesson that you can't complete? Don't skip! ~ If you're reading and find a topic you can't understand, don't stop reading it , rather don't leave without completing it! Complete it even if it takes the whole night. Well, of course don't get too stressed too, finish it next day if stress catches you.

So these are all and you can try combining these rules with yours to get more productive. Sending wishes for you🌻 :)

zyplang101

#learn #japanease #language with #zyplang101

muscosus

i can not stop thinking about how trees and blood vessels look so much alike it makes me go crazy it makes me go stoopid and my heart aches and i cry

muscosus

dreamterlude

I've been thinking about how trees resemble, far too close, our blood vessels. That perhaps the same red flooding through my veins once ran free through the roots of the oak outside the porch. That I am alive the same way nature is, that I am part of something bigger, something that shelters me. Maybe if I lie down on the grass my heartbeats will match the humming of the earth, maybe if I stay here long enough my hair, too, will bloom in flowers. I think that these moments, these little details, are nothing but evidence of being alive. So long as trees grow and get stronger with time, so will my body, so will myself.

(if i may add, have that)

muscosus

virginia woolf, the waves // ram dass

bucciflagrante

Love the trope of “ small town where weird stuff just sorta happens ”

furiousgoldfish

Being neglected by abusive parents feels safe, because it means they’re not actively yelling at you, blaming you for existing, making you feel like shit because you cost money, or beating you. It gives you some space to feel like maybe they’re okay with your existence today, maybe now you can go and build some confidence and live your life, until their next outburst of hatred. So what if you’re going thru crisis and lack survival resources that day, what if you’re feeling lost and dissociated and worried about your future, at least you’re not burdening anyone with that, at least nobody is blaming you for what you’re going thru right now.

The after-effects of being neglected will show after you grow up, and you’re painfully aware that nobody is ever responsible for making you feel okay, for taking care of you, for making sure you’re not in pain. Because nobody ever did care for any of that, and it’s unlikely they’ll ever start caring. So you don’t reach out, you don’t ask for help, you curl up and wait for pain to pass and blame it on yourself that you’re feeling it. You never realize that for vast majority of your life, there were people responsible for making sure you’re not in pain, that you feel safe and have every support you need; your parents. You don’t realize they skipped out on that responsibility because you’re busy being aware of how much worse they could have been to you, and all you can do is try to heal the damage they’ve already done to you.

Being neglected can make you neglect yourself, because you’ve never been taught that you are someone who is supposed to be nurtured and taken care of. It can mean eating disorders, self-destructive habits, punishing yourself for struggling, feeling like you’re not allowed to have comfort or company, building the hardest possible life for yourself and blaming yourself for being weak if you’re not able to do it all perfectly. It can mean tolerating friends and partners who also neglect you, and not even notice they should be paying attention and caring for what you’re going thru. It means never believing that things will be alright, because nobody is coming to help, nobody is going to fix anything, unless you do it yourself, alone. And there’s things we can’t fix alone. You are forced to emotionally survive on your own, even though humans aren’t meant to.

Someone should have prevented this happening to you. Someone should have seen you suffering as a kid, and protected you, shown you that this is unacceptable, you haven’t deserved it, and you are to be nurtured and cared for, until you can relax and know that there’s love for you in this world.

#child abuse #neglectful parents

furiousgoldfish

signs that your family is abusive:

you feel the urge to hide from them whenever you’re vulnerable

you cannot bear the idea of them seeing you cry

when you’re hurt or in pain, you don’t go to them because you feel they’ll tell you that you deserved it or that it was your fault

you don’t feel like you can confide in them, either because they don’t seem to care, or try to control how you act, or yell at you and punish you, or use the information against you

you feel very self-conscious around them and keep expecting criticism and insults

you can’t tell them about your struggles because you already know they’ll side against you

you keep things in your life secret from them because you have a feeling they would ridicule, humiliate, and judge you if they knew, or take everything away from you

you feel scared of letting them know when they hurt you

you feel scared and guilty when you so much as think about them in a bad way

you feel the urge to remind yourself of all the things they did for you, whenever something bad comes up, to be sure that you’re seeing them the way they want to be seen by you

you’re scared of being accused of being a burden to them

you’re scared to hold them responsible for things they did to you, because you know they would argue otherwise, and insist they had full right to do what they did, or that you made it up

you have the inner sense of dread that nothing you ever do or say will be taken seriously by them, and your life will always look like a joke to them

you dream of living far away from them and feel guilty for wanting to cut them from your life

you don’t feel like you’re really important in comparison to them, it feels like it’s better to just step aside and let them be important, your life doesn’t matter as much anyway

you’re worried about how your every action might affect their life, their reputation and social standing

you feel that they’re ashamed of you and you’re trying your best not to bring further shame on the family

you feel like you’ll owe them for the rest of your life and nothing you ever do will be enough to erase the debt, and this fills you with dread and feeling of being trapped

you don’t count on their help when you’re in trouble, you’re scared of them finding out and punishing you for being in trouble in the first place

you don’t count on them sharing their resources with you, you know you have to be grateful for how much they’ve given you already and feel like you have no right to ask for anything more, even if you need it

you can’t feel warmth or safety when surrounded by family, instead you wish you didn’t have to be there, and seek a place to hide and protect yourself

holidays spent with family are just painful and something you try to endure instead of enjoy

you can’t imagine a world where you’re free and not defined by these people

#child abuse #neglectful parents

figues

7.17.20

today’s readings & sth nice from yesterday’s walk

sassycolortheorist101-blog

some fucking resources for all ur writing fuckin needs

* body language masterlist

* a translator that doesn’t eat ass like google translate does

* a reverse dictionary for when ur brain freezes

* 550 words to say instead of fuckin said

* 638 character traits for when ur brain freezes again

* some more body language help

(hope this helps some ppl)

okinawatofu

reblogging the shit out of these

luminous-studiess

ive trying to consciously make studying enjoyable, but also rigorous and productive lately. started by downloading forest and tidying up my desk (a very good mix of art and law obvs). today is day one. hope everyone is staying safe.

ohmos

𝟏𝟎/𝟑𝟎 𝐃𝐚𝐲𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐋𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠

The realistic side of my study space: Notes sprawled to cross reference, friends art sitting to calm my nerves, water, and tea.

Chaotic productivity.

wtf-fun-factss

Traces of coca and nicotine found in Egyptian mummies - WTF fun facts

jillyaintfromphilly

well DUH. a lot of historians are still trying to process the fact that ancient egyptians knew how to build boats, which is ridiculous. why would they not be seafarers and explorers?

youngbadmanbrown-deactivated201

this is not new or surprising information at all. it pretty much day one of any african-american studies course.

the egyptians knew that if they put their boats in front of the summer storm winds it’d blow them right across the sea to the Americas and they shared that with the greeks.

doublehamburgerjack-deactivated

It’s really hard for people to understand that everyone had boats, exploration, and trade interactions without the same level of murder, colonization, and violence that the Europeans did. It’s really hard for people to get that.

cantyousayanythingnew

Well, no people find hard to understand that one of the earliest civilizations could build a boat sturdy enough and reliable enough to cross a 8,766 mile stretch that gave people thousands of years of technological progress later great difficulty.

prokopetz

The notion that technology is a steady upward climb of “progress” is, itself, part of a Eurocentric historical narrative revolving around the tacit teleological assertion that Western European civilisation represents the culmination and endpoint of history.

In reality, technologies are frequently discovered, lost and rediscovered, often multiple times, and frequently in parallel. A Dark Age in one region may be a time of rapid technological development in another region, and it’s not uncommon to encounter evidence of ancient civlisations using technologies a thousand years out of whack with the “proper” order of discovery… where “proper” is defined in terms of the order in which those technologies were discovered in Western Europe - there’s that Eurocentrism again.

I mean, just to give you an idea of how flexible the order in which technologies are developed can be and how ultimately wrong-headed the notion of linear technological progress is, there are Central American civilisations that had indoor plumbing, central heating and hot and cold running water before inventing the wheel. Some of the First Nations in what is now Eastern Canada had sophisticated climate models and reliable weather prediction - including functioning barometers and other simple meteorological instruments - before they figured out metallurgy.

So no, it’s not particularly incredible that the ancient Egyptians had boats far more advanced than they “should” have given their overall level of technology. That stuff happens all the time.

jenniferrpovey

People invent the technology they need. They can even invent a technology, then not use it.

The Inca are often accused of “not knowing about wheels.”

Except, they did have wheels. They just didn’t use wheels for long distance transportation. They had a huge road system. On which everything was moved by pack animals and people. The Inca road is an incredible feat of engineering.

So, why didn’t they use wheels?

Because their land was so freaking mountainous that the road would repeatedly turn into this:

Tell me what earthly use a wheel is when your road keeps having to have steps and narrow bridges because you live on top of a mountain.

But that image shows us what they did have.

That’s a suspension bridge. Europeans didn’t invent those until centuries after the Inca did.

Because when the most efficient route through your home hits chasms, guess what?

You get real good at making bridges!

And when the best way to move goods through your desert homeland is a big river?

You get real good at making boats.

The technology a culture develops and uses is the technology they need. In Europe that was one suite of technology, and because white folk are so dang arrogant, we think that’s the superior means of development. It’s not, it’s just how technology develops in Europe.

alinaastarkov

The Minoan civilisation in Greece, around 2,500 BCE, developed huge technological advancements, including fully operational water and sewage systems, complete with flushing toilets. This would be around 3,000 years before one was invented in England.

Minoan Greece was also a sea power. They had huge fleets of ships, which meant they did a lot of exploration. They also built one of the biggest trade networks in the world, reaching as far as Egypt, Cyprus, Canaan, Syria, the Iberian Peninsula (modern-day Spain and Portugal), the Levantine coast, Anatolia and Mesopotamia (modern-day Turkey, Israel and Iraq).

A volcano eruption on a nearby island, which caused a tsunami, possibly destroyed their sea power and left them vulnerable, which is why most of their technology was lost.

The Late Bronze Age Collapse a few centuries later led to the simultaneous destruction of advanced civilisations in Greece, Egypt, the Near East, Asia Minor, North Africa, Caucasus, Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean. This caused a dark age across two continents which created isolated village cultures, and is the reason most of their advancements were lost.

The notion that technology can only advance is some white nonsense.

jenniferrpovey

That too.

(Minoan Crete may have been part of the inspiration for Atlantis).

prismatic-bell

This is also why Egyptians didn’t bother with the wheel* for like three thousand years. What fucking good are wheels when EVERYTHING IS SAND?

But on the flip side…they came up with a way to use water to basically hydroplane those giant stone blocks in their buildings across the desert. Which is a hell of a lot more useful in an unpaved sandy region.

Likewise let’s not forget the Aztecs, who came up with a farming system so efficient (chinampas) that parts of it are still used today and really ought to be revived on a wider scale as part of sustainable farming. And also Native Americans, and I’m using that term BECAUSE it’s so broad: look at tribes across the country and you’ll see something interesting. Iroquois, living in a cold, well-forested, and often icy land, built immovable longhouses—which would survive the bitter northeastern winters. Plains tribes developed the tipi/teepee—while they also faced long, even dangerous winters, they also lived in a place where travel was far easier and the worst of winter could be weathered by heading south. Or down where I live, the Sinagua (later assimilated into the Hopi) built their homes IN CLIFFS. And by that I mean “off the ground, built into the cliff face with adobe.” Aka, some of the best pre-refrigeration insulation against the heat that you could possibly hope for. We still don’t know how they did it, incidentally. “With ladders, dumbass” is an obvious answer in some of their dwellings, but in others it’s not clear how they just….hung over a sinkhole, a quarter of a mile or so above the water, and chipped out the front doors so they had a place to sit while they made the rest. Scaffolds? Very well-balanced rope ladders? Smaller cliffs they chipped off afterward to prevent enemy incursion? We don’t know, but we do know they found a way to make the extreme heat survivable and even sort of a nonissue. They never bothered with stuff like modern central AC because they found a way to let the stone and clay do the job for them.

Technology isn’t always a race. Sometimes it’s just an evolution.

*nominally. We have extant toys from this period that have wheels to make them move.