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@pathologylove-blog
Charcot-Leyden crystals. Found in a specimen grossly identified as "? fungus ball." Formed from enzymes released during eosinophil degranulation. Most commonly seen in allergic conditions, such as asthma, or parasitic infections. Never thought I'd see one!
Hepatosteatosis - the fancy way of saying “fatty accumulation in the liver”. Steatosis can occur after only a single night of drinking! Alcohol causes an increase in fat (lipid) production in hepatocytes because of the way it interacts with metabolism. The fat builds up into lipid droplets, which are washed away in the process of making histology slides, and appear as little swiss cheese holes under the microscope. Steatosis eventually clears up on its own after alcohol consumption has stopped, so don’t worry if you have a few drinks each week - your liver is probably just fine!
A perfect little placenta. We’re looking at the “inside” or the baby’s side, called the chorionic plate, where the umbilical cord attaches to the placenta. The cord has three vessels, one vein which brings nutrients to baby and two arteries which return blood to the placenta. Although small, this is a good example of normal.
Gallstones (choleliths) can take many different shapes and sizes. There are two types of stones: bilirubin stones appear brown or black, while cholesterol stones are much lighter. Choleliths made of 100% cholesterol are rare, but as long as the composition is mainly cholesterol, they are radiolucent and cannot be detected by imaging. Sometimes they clog up the gallbladder, preventing bile drainage, leading to cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder).
A really cool example of mucus sitting inside goblet cells and glands in the colon! Mucus is composed primarily of mucin, a protein-sugar molecule (glycosylated protein) which easily grabs onto and holds water molecules. Mucin allows gel formation, which gives mucus it’s protective function. The gel traps pathogens and prevents mechanical (physical) damage to the wall of the GI tract. Pretty, right?
Large paratubal cyst! Usually they are much smaller and asymptomatic, but when they grow to this size they can cause pressure or pain - imagine a baseball growing in your pelvis, ouch! Usually they are found accidentally when performing a procedure for a reason unrelated to the cyst. They are almost always filled with watery fluid, but this one arrived already-opened in the pathology department, so I guess we will never know what was inside.
Pretty green gallbladder! The adventitia is the part of the gallbladder that sits right against the liver and the serosa is the smooth outer layer of the gallbladder. Once cut open, most gallbladders will have a velvety inner surface, which is called the mucosa. A very small portion of the cystic duct is still attached. This is the part that drains bile into the common bile duct and eventually into the small bowel so that we can digest fats.
This gallbladder has been cut open to show off the green, velvety inner lining (mucosa). This one was removed for cholecystitis; inflammation of the gallbladder. The mucosa is normally protected by a layer of glycoprotein mucus, but the mucus can be disrupted, which allows bile salts to damage the mucosa, leading to inflammation.
Goblet cells in colonic epithelium (the skin lining the inside of the colon). These cells produce mucus, which lubricates for easy passage of stool and protects the gut from damage caused by abrasion. This cell is very goblet-like, if you can imagine the dark-staining nucleus as the stem, and the blue-tinged mucus as the bowl. These are a normal, healthy finding!
We had a frozen section done on the left ovary of this hysterectomy, which is why the ovary is not intact. When I grossed the specimen, I found a single leiomyoma/fibroid in the myometrium (uterine wall). Not an unusual finding, so this is a good example of normal anatomy!
H. pylori bugs inside stomach glands.
Hyperplastic polyp. Perfect for a newbie!