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@physicsphilosophizer-blog
good job guys! missionperu:
Our first day of service saw us in Canto Grande. This poor barrio (called a ‘pueblo joven’ in Peru) is on the outskirts of Lima. It is there that the Christian Brothers run a school called ‘Fe y Alegria 26’, one of a system of schools funded by the government but run by religious communities which…
Conservation of Energy
In my previous post I described how you an find PE and KE in a system. But I forgot to mention why this is so. If no energy leaves or enters the system, the system is closed. Therefore in this closed system no energy lost and it will remain constant. This is the law of conservation of energy. This law is further illustrated in the formula:
KE (before) + PE (before) = KE (after) + KE (after)
This image reminds me of the quiz we took recently. At the top there was no kinetic energy because there was no movement. Therefore you would solve for the potential energy which is also in this instance the total energy of the system. From here on there is always some kinetic energy. But given some measurements you can use the following equations to solve for KE, PE, or E.
KE = 1/2mv^2
PE = mgh
E = KE + PE
Here’s a picture from the lab we had on Monday. it is of a pulley system my lab partners and i created. the lab consisted of finding the AMA, IMA and the efficiency of the machine after putting a weighted block at the end and pulling the other end.
Nice, it seems to me that this particular set-up may be less efficient however.
The Human Walking Machine
I was astonished when I discovered that the simple levers give humans the ability to walk and run.
Just like every lever system has the four following parts so do us,
1. a rigid bar (bone)
2. a source of force (muscle contraction)
3. A fulcrum or pivot (movable joint)
4. a resistance (the weight of the body)
Machines...They're taking over.
Everyone uses machines today. Machines offer a greater output of energy when compared to the source of energy alone. Even a simple bottle opener is a machine. You do work on the opener and it does work on the bottle cap and therefore transfering energy to it.
MORE PULLEYS!!! This reminds me of one of the pulley systems that we did in class. Less force means more distance.
Yeah man pulleys are pretty insane. It's impressive how useful they are in everyday situations.
Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy
These two energies are always very closely connected. The law of the conservation of energy states that in a closed isolated system, energy can neither be created or destroyed, rather energy is conserved. This picture illustrates this law perfectly. There is always constant total energy but throughout the system it varies in either the form of kinetic energy of potential energy.
Efficiency of a Pulley
This week in lab we determined to efficiency of a pulley. We tested and recorded data for three different pulley set ups. One with one pulley, one with two, and one with three.
Always important in physics, are formulas and relationships. Here are some that were crucial to the lab:
Relationships: Actual Mechanical Advantage (AMA) = Resistance/Effort
Ideal Mechanical Advantage (IMA) = (Effort Distance)/(Resistance Distance)
Efficiency = (AMA/IMA)*(100%)
When all was said and done, what I found most surprising was that the simplest, one pulley set up was actually the most efficient!
The Many Forms of Energy-
I actually found it fascinating at the vast array of different types of energy in the world. Energy at work, at rest, in bonds, it goes on and on. So here is a list of the few in the picture.
Heat energy- a form of energy transfered by a difference in temperature
Chemical Energy- a form of energy stored in molecular bonds
Potential Energy- stored energy
Kinetic Energy- energy at work
... The list goes on and on and on and on and on and on and on....
Even though we’ve been learning about conservation of energy, in most real world scenarios friction comes into play. It is the resistance caused by the contact between two objects, at least on has to be moving. It converts some of the kinetic energy to heat causing the object to slow down.
Yeah that's pretty true pal. Wouldn't it be great if we could live in perfect, frictionless world? I wouldn't constantly be blowing money on gas.
Time is Money, but in physics time is power.
How is time equal to power? Well this becomes clear when you look at these equations.
W= Fd P= W/t P= Fd/t
So you can see time is a very important factor in determining power. Two people can generate the same amount of work, but if one person does so in less time, he/she generates more power.
Wow! Now that's a lot of horsepower! With all this talk about power and horsepower, I thought it would be interesting to find out where exactly did the term horsepower come from. It turns out, it actually did have to do with horses. Scottish engineer, James Watt devised a unit of measure to relate to power that a car had with the power a horse had. This was of course done in hopes to convince people to buy his mechanical products. Whatever his methods, it seems that his term has stuck way past the time of horse-drawn carriages.
Do Work
Work is relatively simple. It is equal to a constant force exerted on an object in the direction of motion times the object's displacement, W = Fd. We can related this formula if we remember that Fd = 1/2mv(final)^2 - 1/2mv(initial)^2 or W =1/2mv(final)^2 - 1/2mv(initial)^2. So furthermore KE = 1/2mv^2. And therefore when work is done on an object, the result is a change in kinetic energy. So when you "Do Work!" you change kinetic energy.
conservation of momentum throwback. This device, known as a Newton’s Cradle, consists of 5 steel balls. When one ball is lifted and released, one ball on the other side will swing out. The same goes for two balls as well. Ideally, the motion would never end, but in reality it will. This is because of the fact that no collision can be perfectly elastic, and also because some energy is lost due to friction in the suspension system.
That's pretty cool and all. But did Newton actually invent this?
Pole Vaulting in Physics? This weekend kicked off the beginning of the indoor track and field season. And after my competition I wondered how is physics involved in my pole vaulting. It turns out that when a pole-vaulter bends a pole some kinetic energy is converted to elastic potential energy. Then when the pole unbends the elastic potential energy is converted into kinetic energy throwing the vaulter up and over high crossbars. I doubt I'll think of pole vaulting the same anymore.
It is amazing how with the invention of flexible poles and further incorporation of physics the world records have skyrocketed! In 1896, before bending poles, the Olympic world record was 10' 6" and today the world record is over 20'.
Elastic Collisions
Elastic collisions occur between hard objects such as those made of steel, glass, or hard plastic. What is important to remember in these collisions is that kinetic energy does not change.
In this collision, neither objects deform and kinetic energy is maintained.
