Basic Chemistry of Anatomy and Physiology
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Solid: definite shape and volume
Liquid: definite volume, changeable shape
Gas: changeable shape and volume
Capacity to do work; put energy into motion
Kinetic: energy in action
Potential: energy of position, stored (inactive)
Chemical: stored in bonds of chemical substances
Electrical: results from movement of charged particles
Mechanical: directly involved in movement of matter
Radiant/Electromagnetic energy travelling in waves (light, X rays, etc.)
Elements: cannot be broken down by ordinary chemical means
Atoms: more or less identical blocks for each element
Atomic symbol: one or 2 letter chemical shorthand for each element
Physical properties: those detected with our senses
Chemical properties: pertain to the way atoms interact with one another
Elements of the Human Body
Lesser elements: 3.9% of body
Trace elements: less than 0.01% of body
Required in minute amounts
Chemical value of body on black market: $4.50
Concentration of Solutions
Parts per 1000, parts per 1000000, etc.
Molarity: moles per liter
Mole of an element or compound=atomic or molecular weight (sum of atomic weights) in grams
Acids: proton (H+) donors
OH- accepts available proton
Bicarbonate ion and ammonia are important bases in the body
Not all bases have to donate OH-
Acid solutions contain [H+]
Alkaline solutions contain bases [OH-]
Less [H+} or more [OH-]=higher alkalinity
pH: negative log of [H+] in moles per liter
Neutral solutions: pH of 7
pH change interferes with cell function and may damage living tissue
Regulated by kidneys, lungs, and buffers
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