Writing 2 Distinct Turns at the End of an Act
Several months ago, I wrote an article on "Writing with 3 Equal-sized Acts," where I used The Hunger Games as an example, since Suzanne Collins writes all of these books with that structure. In it, I said this:
I was originally going to avoid bringing this up, but since we are here. . . . Sometimes . . . act-turns can be broken down into two parts--one major moment that ends the previous act, and another that starts the next act. I'll probably do a post breaking that idea down later.
Guess what? Today is that day!
And this isn't something that only applies to working with three equal-sized acts. It applies to any type of structure that is long enough to use acts, including the most common approach, which divides the story into quarters, like this:
One of the reasons I've put off writing this post, is because you have to have a bit of an understanding of story structure and specifically acts. So if you are new here, I'll very briefly catch you up to speed (doesn't hurt for the rest of us to review this either, so we start this explanation with the right mindset (but if you want, you can skip to the next section)).
An act follows the same basic shape as the whole narrative arc. This shape:
The "climax" is also called a "plot turn," "turning point," or "plot point." Because it turns the direction of the story. It's just that an act's "climax" is going to be smaller than the actual climax of the whole narrative arc (overarching story).
At that turn, the character's goal and/or plan to get the goal somehow changes; this helps create the turn--it's what "progresses the plot."
An obvious example of this is the story's climax itself. At the climax, the protagonist and antagonist face off, and the protagonist either gets or doesn't get what she wants, then we hit the falling action.
If you are familiar with other story structure approaches, you may know the act-level turns by other names:
In 7 Point Story Structure, they are Plot Point 1, Midpoint, Plot Point 2, and Climax (or "Resolution" (or part of Resolution, anyway)).
In Save the Cat!, they are Break into Two, Midpoint, All is Lost, and Finale (or part of it).
In the Hero's Journey, they are Crossing the Threshold, unstated, The Ordeal, and Resurrection.
(But if you aren't familiar with any of those names, that's okay too.)
Whether or not you are aware of it, most of the stories you consume follow this basic structure.
Let's talk more about goals. A character should have a concrete goal, of which there are three basic types: obtain something, avoid (or stop) something, or maintain something as is.
An antagonistic force of some sort will come along and oppose that, creating obstacles. The character dealing with those, creates the rising action of conflict.
At a turning point (or plot point, or plot turn--whatever term you prefer), the goal or plan to get the goal, will somehow shift.
There are several ways that can happen.
Goal Shifts:
- The character gets the goal (and therefore soon needs a new one)
- The character gains an additional goal (he can have more than one)
- The character abandons the current goal (maybe he fails or quits)
- The character swaps goals (this could be a change in priorities)
- The character gets part of the goal (some goals can be broken down into pieces)
- The character's goal gets more detailed and specific (ex. he wanted to graduate, but now he wants to graduate with honors)
Plan Shifts:
- The character forms a new plan
- The character abandons the current plan
- The character changes or swaps out the plan
- The character's plan gets more detailed and specific
Let's quickly look at some of my go-to examples.
In The Hunger Games (book version), Katniss's overarching goal is to win (or survive) the Games. But her specific plan (or route) of how to do that, shifts with each act. (And we may even argue, these are smaller goals that fit within the big goal.) For Act I, she's focused on preparing for the Games. In the first half of Act II, she focused on basic survival--find water and food sources, shelter, etc. After the midpoint, that shifts, and her focus is working with Rue to strike at the Careers. For Act III, she wants to win with Peeta.
Some characters don't have one overarching goal for the story, but their goal changes with each act.
So in contrast to Katniss, we have Luke Skywalker, whose goal simply changes for each quarter in A New Hope. First, he aims to get off the farm and go to academy. Then he wants to go with Obi-Wan and become a Jedi (which entails going to Alderaan), then he wants to rescue Leia, and finally, in Act III, he aims to destroy the Death Star.
In both stories, between each of these shifts, is a plot point. For example, the reason Luke's goal changes at the end of Act I, is because stormtroopers attack the farm, killing his aunt and uncle. This is Plot Point 1, and it leads him to choose to go with Obi-Wan.
When the plot point happens--that act's "climax"--the goal or plan shift.
2 Distinct Turns at the End of an Act
Sometimes, an act's plot point is essentially made up of two separate, distinct, significant moments, not one.
One moment closes the previous act.
And another moment kicks off the next act.
Let's start with the example I used originally, when I first brought this up. Here is what I said:
In Act I, [Katniss's] current plan or "route" is to prepare for the Games. This makes up the rising action.
The crowning moment of preparation is when Caesar Flickerman interviews Katniss and Peeta. This is the last major moment to "prepare." It clearly ends that phase. It is Katniss's last chance to make an impression before going into the arena.
Based on the actual act break in the book, Suzanne Collins views this as Plot Point 1, essentially (that first peak of the story).
However, I want to point out that the start of the next chapter is the Cornucopia bloodbath, which kicks off the Games. This kicks off Katniss's new focus, which is basic survival in the arena.
So one moment ends Act I (the interview), and another event starts Act II (the bloodbath).
The interview completed that "plan." The bloodbath leads to Katniss's new plan. Once she checks what she's got from the cornucopia, she needs to move forward with the next phase: basic survival.
A similar thing happens at the end of Act II.
Katniss successfully blows up the Careers' stash, but Rue dies.
This ends her current plan/route (or we could say, smaller goal). She no longer needs to strike at the Careers with Rue, because she got that goal (though it came with a high cost--Rue's life).
She mourns Rue.
And then an additional turn gives her a new plan/route for Act III: the Gamemakers announce there can be two victors if they are from the same district. New plan: win the Games with Peeta.
I've been listening to Hamilton lately, and a similar thing happens at the midpoint.
But let's back up a sec.
At Plot Point 1, "Right Hand Man," Washington asks Hamilton to be his right-hand man during the war, and Hamilton quickly accepts. This is the major turn of the first quarter, and it takes us into the second quarter.
Notice this is one key moment: Washington asks, and Hamilton accepts.





















