Veterinary neurology

,,The capacity of man himself is only revealed when, under stress and responsibility, he breaks through his educational shell, and he may then be a splendid surprise to himself no less than to his teachers" /Harvey Cushing/

[silverlining147]

Trochę sobie podogadzam ☕ #books #neuro #needtostudybutlazy #tea #teatime #roseleafs #orange

[silverlining147]

So cold today; hence I’m a little bit jealous :( I’d love a warm sweater underneath my uniform <3

[ratherhumeruscomics]

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Rather Humerus Sorry that I have been kinda “latent” (ha!) for a year. But it’s Rather Humerus’s 2nd year of existence and… oh, Happy Valentine’s Day!

Wooo! Celebrating another year of bad puns and sporadically produced content!

[silverlining147]

A,B...E- vitamin inbalance and naurological disorders

Vitamins, as the name says, are vital when it comes to animals and humans well being. Their deficiency may lead to serious disorders of the whole organism but today I’m going to point out some of these connected strictly with the nervous system.

Going in the alfabetical order the first is vit. A. It’s deficiency occurs especially in farm animals. As a result of lack of vit. A in a diet, cranial bones undergo hypertrophy. It results in various neuropathies as an unnaturaly enlarged bone struncure compresses cranial nerves (CN) on it’s way out from the cranial cavity. Compression of the optic nerve results in vision disturbances. What is more the cerebrospinal fluid circulation and it’s absorption becomes decresed what eventually leads to hydrocephalus and further compression on the II CN. The best known visibility disorder connected with this deficiency is nyctalopia also known as night blindness.

Next one in line is vit. B. All of B vitamins are very important as for normal function of skin, digestive system and others but when it comes to neurology B1 deficiencies cause the most serious symptoms. In dogs and cats it may range from lack of appetite and dysphagia to LMN’s (lower motor neuron disorders), para- or tetraparesis accompanied by neuromuscular spasms and coma. Feline are also likely to develop cervical ventroflexion.

Cat with cervical ventroflexion (source:http://www.cliniciansbrief.com/article/inappetence-lethargy-cat)

In cattle due to lack of tiamin symetric encephalomalacia may occur. 

Phosphorising focal necrosis of the cattle cerebral cortex 

It is not only the poorly selected diet or pasture that causes tiamin deficiencies. There are also specific enzyme which is worth mentioning in the process. The enzyme is called tiaminase and it disactivates B1 vitamin. It is produced by ruminal bacteria and is also present in fish. 

Symptoms of B1 deficiency are easy to remove by suplementation. In cats and dogs administration of 50-100 mg of tiamin, first i.v. and then  i.m. till symptoms resolution will do the work. In large animals the doses are 250- 1000 mg i.v or i.m for 3-5 days. Steroids may be added. It is also improtant to remember that lack of B1 is also connected with other B vitamins deficiencies so they should also be administrated to the patient.

And the last but not the least is vit. E (and also selenium )strongly associeted with skeletal muscles disfunction. It’s deficiency may lead to muscular dystrophy. Some say that it’s (and also selenium :) ) administration may be helpful in curation of equine rhabdomyolysis syndrom. I can say from myself that it’s administration can be very beneficial in peripheral neuropathies... but I will expend the topic later ;)

[verylittleveterinarian]

Neoplasia of the brain in small animals

[teded]

3 Fun Facts About Your Canine Companions

Happy National Dog Day, y’all! We thought we’d throw around some pup-appreciation with the following dog olfactory facts for you to fetch. 

1. Besides being much more powerful than ours, a dog’s sense of smell can pick up things that can’t even be seen at all. The olfactory bulb, the area dedicated to processing smells, takes up many times more relative brain area in dogs than humans. This allows dogs to distinguish and remember a staggering variety of specific scents.

2. Everything in the street, every passing person or car, any contents of the neighbor’s trash, each type of tree, and all the birds and insects in it has a distinct odor profile telling your dog what it is, where it is, and which direction it’s moving in.

3. Dogs smell in stereo. The ability to smell separately - with each nostril - helps them determine from what direction smells come. A whole separate olfactory system, called the vomeronasal organ, above the roof of the mouth, detects the hormones all animals, including humans, naturally release.

For more on how dogs smell, check out the TED-Ed Lesson How do dogs “see” with their noses? - Alexandra Horowitz 

Animation by provinciastudio

[maneating-orchids-deactivated20]

“My great love is playing the violin, but for many years, I have had to make do with only teaching. The tremor didn’t allow me to play professionally, and this was very hard for a woman who was used to performing all her life. It’s a shame that I didn’t know about this operation before. Now I’m going to live again”

20 years ago, violinist Naomi Elishuv, who was with the Lithuanian National Symphony, was diagnosed with essential tremor. Essential tremor is a neurological condition which causes the patient to shake and tremble, affecting their hands, head, legs, or voice. Elishuv was lucky as a team of surgeons at Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center performed an operation to reach the part of her brain affected by the condition. They did this while Elishuv was under anesthetic, but awake, and she gave a live performance of Mozart. As the procedure went on, the tremor disappeared and her playing improved.

[doctordconline-blog]

Basilar Artery Thrombosis

Acute occlusion of the basilar artery may cause brainstem or thalamic ischaemia or infarction. It is a true neuro-interventional emergency and, if not treated early, brainstem infarction results in rapid deterioration in level of consciousness and ultimately death.

#basilarartery #brain #neuroscience #neuroscience #thrombosis #surgery #neurosurgery #usmle #university #usmlestep1 #usmlestep2 #circulation #doctor #doctordconline #nhs #premed #nurse #nursing #hospital #patient #pathology #physiology #amc #plab #medlife #medicine #medschool #medstudent @doctordconline

[love-vetsurgeon-acvs]

The craneoplasty is defined as a repairs of a defect or deformity of the skull. The history of the surgical technique is a mixture of science and art. Screens for craneoplasty are offered in a wide range of sizes, orbital , simple and dynamic. Are manufactured of a titanium grade of 1 or 2.

[booprenorphine]

There is NO physiological or medical reason why a female dog must have a litter of pups.

Stop spreading bullshit like ‘I want my dog to experience the miracle of motherhood at least once before neutering’.

[hoovesandheartbeats]

Source

[strangebiology]

Derby was born with deformed front legs. His humans bought him a cart, like a wheelchair for his front, but it limited his mobility.  The owner decided on something kind of like the “running man,” which look like blades, but those might get caught in soft ground. 

3D systems designed these loops just for Derby, and he is now able to walk, run, play with other dogs, and do virtually anything a typical dog would do.

[klwass1203]

Feels.

[d0gbl0g]

yay Derby! : )

[nrdc]

Whenever a phrase like “an evolutionary innovation that led to gigantism” is thrown around a science research paper, I’m all ears. This delightful study shows that large whales like fin whales have absurdly stretchy nerves in their mouths, enabling them to “lunge feed” on huge amounts of krill in one gulp. 

The whale first accelerates while opening its jaw, flips its tongue backward to create a crazy oral pocket in its mouth, then swallows a volume of water larger than its own body. My favorite reporting on the matter comes from Ed Yong, but Stanford and Reuters also explain the adaptation well.

[tabletopwhale-deactivated201910]

I made an animated infographic about muscles! You can check out the full version here or get the poster here :)

[researchchla]

Reversing Brain Damage

The bad news: We’ve mentioned before that a strain of the Escherichia coli bacteria, called E.coli K1, is able to infect the brain and is one of the leading causes of neonatal meningitis. While antibiotics can help fight off this infection, their side effects in newborns and the rise of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria demand other treatment options.

The good news: Prasadarao Nemani, PhD, principal investigator in the Molecular Pathogenesis Research Lab at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, and colleagues found that the naturally occurring protein interleukin-10 (IL-10) can remove E.coli K1 from the blood of infected mice. And it reverses the damage to the brain.  

The image above shows the healthy brain of an uninfected mouse at 7 days old.

In an infected mouse, the amount of healthy brain tissue rapidly decreases just four days after E. coli K1 bacteria enter the bloodstream.

Brain morphology returns to normal just two days after an E.coli K1-infected mouse received a small dose of recombinant IL-10. By clearing the infection and restoring brain damage quickly, researchers are hopeful that any long-term effects to the developing brain can be avoided. 

This result provides the basis for studying IL-10 in newborns. Read more about Dr. Nemani’s work with E. coli and other bacterial infections here.

Source: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20498022

Multimedia Credit: Numira Biosciences, Salt Lake City, UT 

[rightatrium]

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