Note that many sources have differing interpretations of some of the more vague runes. Peorth or Pertho — ᛈ — is one of these runes that are far from clear as to their meaning. This list is just what I have gathered so far from multiple sources and compiling it into something that I feel makes sense.
Alphabetical - Rune - Name - Meaning - Description
A — ᚨ — Ansuz — God, Odin — God, Wisdom, Words, Speech
B — ᛒ — Berkano — Birch — Fertility, Birth
C — ᚲ — Kaunaz — Fire, Torch — Beacon, Illumination, Understanding, Knowledge
D — ᛞ — Dagaz — Day, Dawn — Awakening, New Beginning, Ambition
E — ᛖ — Ehwaz — Horse — Loyalty, Movement
F — ᚠ — Fehu — Cattle, Frey — Cattle, Wealth
G — ᚷ — Gebo — Gift — Generosity, Sacrifice
H — ᚺ — Hagalaz — Hail — Wrath of Nature, Crisis
I — ᛁ — Isaz — Ice — Stagnation
J — ᛃ — Jera — Year — Good Harvest, Season, Earth
K — ᚲ — Kaunaz — Fire — '''
L — ᛚ — Laguz — Water — Emotions, Dreams, Imagination
M — ᛗ — Mannaz — Man — Mankind, Human
N — ᚾ — Nauthiz — Necessity — Need, Desire
NG — ᛜ — Ingwaz — Ing, Earth God, Old name of Freyr — Harmony, Balance, Potential
O — ᛟ — Othala — Ancestry — Property
P — ᛈ — Peorth/Pertho — Hearth? — Chance, Dice, Destiny
Q — ᚲ — Kaunaz — Fire — '''
R — ᚱ — Raidho — Ride, Wagon, Wheel — Journey
S — ᛊ / ᛋ — Sowilo — Sun — Success, Life Force
T — ᛏ — Tiwaz — Tyr — Warrior, Honour, Justice, Courage
TH — ᚦ — Thurisaz — Thor, Giant — Forceful Action
U — ᚢ — Uruz — Oer os — Health, Physical Strength
V — ᚹ — Wunjo — Joy — Pleasure
W — ᚹ — Wunjo — Joy — '''
X — (ᚲ + ᛊ / ᛋ ) —
Y* — ᛇ — Eihwaz — Yew Tree — Reliability, Trustworthiness
Z — ᛉ — Algiz — Elk — Protection, Shield
The Elder Futhark is ‘traditionally’ put in 3 parts or ‘Aetts’. The first is Freyr/Freyja’s Aett, the second is Heimdalls Aett and third is Tyr’s Aett. A handy way to remember the names of the Runes and to which Aett they belong to is to use the following:
Here we condense the three Aetts into small ‘phrases’; Futhark-gw, H-niji pas, and Tbem-ling-do. Using this aid makes it easier to recall the names of the Runes since every letter is the first letter of its corresponding Rune. For example, ‘Futhark’ makes up the first 6 runes (which is where it gets the name from). There's F - Fehu, U - Uruz, Th - Thurisaz, A - Ansuz, R - Raidho and K - Kaunaz. Then G - Gebo and lastly W - Wunjo.
Note that this technique is handy for recalling the runes, but it doesn’t always coincide with the way they’re meant to be pronounced as a single sound.
