#anandamida

[despertarsabiendo]

Cuando hablamos de los efectos positivos de las drogas para la salud, es frecuente encontrarnos con un debate entre los que defienden su uso y los que no. Especialmente, cuando hablamos de sustancias que tienen un fin lúdico y recreacional, como es ...

[kannabia]

ANANDAMIDA: ¿POR QUÉ ESTE CANNABINOIDE NATURAL NOS HACE TAN FELICES?

Existen muchos secretos del funcionamiento de nuestro cuerpo humano que, de no ser por la planta de cannabis, tal vez nunca hubiéramos llegado a comprender. Y uno de ellos se llama anandamida, una pieza más del puzle recopilado a lo largo de las últimas décadas que demuestra que la marihuana es un milagro terapéutico, capaz de llevar la felicidad a nuestra vida.

La anandamida es un cannabinoide natural producido en el cuerpo humano que recibe su nombre de la palabra sánscrita ‘ananda’, que significa placer, alegría y deleite, por lo que también se conoce como "la molécula de la felicidad". Básicamente, este compuesto casi desconocido, presente en todas las personas, juega un papel importante en la regulación del estado de ánimo. También tiene responsabilidades relacionadas con el apetito y el alivio del dolor. Pero su función principal es tratar de hacernos felices y saludables.

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Anandamida: ¿por qué este cannabinoide natural nos hace tan felices?

Existen muchos secretos del funcionamiento de nuestro cuerpo humano que, de no ser por la planta de cannabis, tal vez nunca hubiéramos llega

[edsonjnovaes]

Chocohemp

Além de saborosos, estudos apontam que o chocolate possui sete substâncias psicoativas benéficas que agem no sistema nervoso central como a sensação de relaxamento, melhora no humor e bem estar, entre outros. ClickPB in: Jesus Hemp Instagram: teoriadomundo Entre as substâncias psicoativas presentes no chocolate estão a anandamida, um neurotransmissor cujo nome vem do sânscrito – “ananda”, que…

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[medeixafalar]

#Repost @fibromialgiadorcronica ... #Repost @nutricionistatamararossi • • • • • E se eu te disser que o #chocolate amargo ou meio amargo pode modular nossa percepção de dor? 🍫 Antes de chegar no chocolate vamos falar um pouco sobre nosso #sistemaendocanabinóide (ECS). Para quem ainda não o conhece, o ECS é um sistema molecular essencial para manutenção da homeostase. Basicamente, ele ajuda a manter em equilíbrio todas as funções do nosso corpo, incluindo relaxamento, alimentação, sono, esquecimento, humor e até percepção de dor. É justamente através desse sistema que o #CBD atua para melhorar nossa tolerância à dor! 💆 Basicamente, a função do cérebro é produzir uma série de substâncias capazes de modificar nossa bioquímica cerebral, permitindo que nos adaptemos ao meio e propiciando nossa sobrevivência. Dentre essas substâncias, existe a #anandamida, um lipídeo (ou gordura, como queira chamar) que atua como agonista dos receptores endocanabinóides. Isso quer dizer que atua estimulando esses receptores, modulando humor, dor, prazer... A palavra anandamida vem da palavra em sânscrito ‘ananda’, que é o termo que define "felicidade" ou “êxtase”. Sentiu a energia? A anandamida é sintetizada por áreas do cérebro importantes na formação da memória e de pensamento superior, sugerindo que a mesma exerce uma função fundamental na produção de relaxamento e prazer. Além disso, é capaz de inibir a liberação do neurotransmissor glutamato, que em excesso, se associa intimamente com a cronificação e intensidade da #dor. Muitos estudos têm associado, inclusive, baixos níveis de anandamida à depressão e ansiedade Mas nutri, qual a relação da anandamida com o chocolate? Além de ter em sua composição substância ativas como teobromina, feniletilamina, cafeína, no chocolate também são encontradas N-acylethanolaminas, substâncias capazes de inibir a degradação natural da anadamida. Isso significa que o tempo de vida útil da anandamida, produzida ou consumida, se eleva. Então, com níveis mais altos de anandamida estimulamos a sensação de prazer e bem estar...Por isso chocolate é tão bom! SIGA ➡️ @nutricionistatamararossi (CONTINUA NOS COMENTÁRIOS⬇️) #fibromialgia #dorcronica https://www.instagram.com/p/CV8K_WyFVLyjRXT9x5Ce227JmXIE2z0WO2tNb40/?utm_medium=tumblr

[edsonjnovaes]

Leite de Mamaconha

According to the findings of several major scientific studies, human breast milk naturally contains of the same cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant, which are vital for proper human development. CBDLife

Dr. Melanie Dreher studied women using cannabis during their entire pregnancy and then studied the babies one year after birth. She found that babies of the women who had smoked cannabis…

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[cannatuga]

Over the last 10 years, a great boost of knowledge accumulated on the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of endocannabinoids (eCBs). In this scenario, these bioactive lipids, which are produced by most immune cells along with a set of receptors and enzymes that regulate their synthesis and degradation, act as secondary modulators and increase or decrease a plethora of immune functions. In this review, the manifold immunomodulatory effects of the main eCBs in different compartments of innate and adaptive immunity will be discussed, suggesting that they could be considered as master regulators of innate-adaptive immune axis and as potent immunoresolvents.

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) include a group of lipid mediators, the best characterized of which are N- arachidonoylethanolamine (mostly known as anandamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Some other compounds have been proposed to belong to the eCB family, including 2-AG-ether (noladin ether) and O-arachidonoylethanolamine (virodhamine), as well as two additional N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), namely N- palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) and N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA). eCBs are synthesized and released on demand (if and when needed) from membrane phospholipids in response to physiological or pathological stimuli, although recent evidence has shown that they could be accumulated and stored by intracellular transporters and storage or- ganelles/pools. It is now well established that all body districts and tissues produce eCBs as part of a homeostatic system that acts at almost every level of biological life, with the aim of controlling several physiopathological states and maintaining human health. Their role in the regulation of the immune system is probably the most flourishing and promising research field due to the increasing recognition of the eCBs signaling in several chronic inflammatory diseases.

The majority of scientific studies on the immunoregulatory role of eCBs concentrated on whole immune cells, either on peripheral blood mononuclear cells or on mouse splenocytes.When investigating the specific immunoregulatory role of eCBs on each specific immune cell subset of both innate and adaptive immunity, most of the research has focused on monocytes/macrophages and T cells and mainly on AEA. Of note, AEA is the most potent anti-inflammatory eCB and it practically acts on all cell subsets of either innate or adaptive immunity (except for NK and B cells). Instead, 2-AG exerts both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects and it seems that its effects are strictly dependent on cell type. Although some specific and rarely represented immune cells (i.e., regulatory T cells, cd T cells, or MAIT cells) were never investigated, neither were the subpopulations of each innate immune cell type, it can be generally stated that eCBs, particularly AEA and PEA, could be considered as master regulators of the innate adaptive immune axis and as valuable immunoresolvents. Indeed, the fact that most of these molecules as well as several elements of their metabolism and signaling (i.e., enzymes and receptors) are dysregulated in many pathological states where the immune system is a crucial factor suggests that their exploitation in treating several chronic inflammatory diseases could just be around the corner, providing that their role will be also confirmed in vivo and that their underlying molecular mechanism elucidated.

[cannatuga]

Cannabichromene (CBC) is a major non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid that inhibits endocannabinoid inactivation and activates the transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1). Both endocannabinoids and TRPA1 may modulate gastrointestinal motility. Here, we investigated the effect of CBC on mouse intestinal motility in physiological and pathological states. Croton oil administration was associated with decreased levels of anandamide (but not 2-arachidonoyl glycerol) and palmitoylethanolamide, up-regulation of TRPA1 and CB1 receptors and down-regulation of CB2 receptors. Ex vivo CBC did not change endocannabinoid levels, but it altered the mRNA expression of TRPA1 and cannabinoid receptors. In vivo, CBC did not affect motility in control mice, but normalized croton oil-induced hypermotility. In vitro, CBC reduced preferentially EFS- versus ACh-induced contractions. Both in vitro and in vivo, the inhibitory effect of CBC was not modified by cannabinoid or TRPA1 receptor antagonists. CBC selectively reduces inflammation-induced hypermotility in vivo in a manner that is not dependent on cannabinoid receptors or TRPA1.

Cannabichromene (CBC) is, together with D9 -tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol, the most abundant naturally occurring cannabinoid. It is particularly abundant in freshly harvested dry-type Cannabis material and it is the second most abundant cannabinoid in some strains.

[...] CBC was also recently found to stimulate the descending pathway of antinociception in the ventrolateral periaqueductal grey, probably through activation of TRPA1, inhibition of endocannabinoid inactivation and subsequent elevation of local endocannabinoid levels, and possibly via potentiation of adenosine signalling. Both endocannabinoids and TRPA1 are known to be involved in the control of intestinal motility.

[...] Cannabinoids, via enteric CB1 receptor activation in physiological states and via CB2 receptor activation in the inflamed gut, reduce excitatory enteric transmission in vitro and gastrointestinal motility in vivo.

We showed that CBC, a major non-psychotropic component of the marijuana plant, normalizes in vivo intestinal motility in an experimental model of intestinal inflammation, but does not slow the rate of transit in control animals. These protective effects of CBC were accompanied by intestinal changes in cannabinoid and TRPA1 expression, but not of endocannabinoid levels. In vitro results on intestinal ileal segments showed that this phytocannabinoid preferentially reduces EFS-induced contractions – rather than ACh-induced contractions – by a mechanism involving N-type Ca2+ channels. The inhibitory effect of CBC, both in vitro and in vivo, does not involve cannabinoid receptors or TRPA1 channels. Although the precise mechanism of the inhibitory effect of CBC requires further studies, the present results are of potential clinical interest because intestinal dysmotility in inflammatory diseases is a well-recognized and clinically accepted phenomenon, in which the only drugs currently available to counteract it are often associated with constipation. In addition, by revealing that CBC affects the expression of both cannabinoid receptor and TRPA1 mRNA, the present results suggest that the effects of this safe plant compound should be investigated in other pathophysiological conditions (e.g. intestinal secretion, mucosal inflammation, visceral pain and intestinal cancer) in which these receptors are potentially involved.

[cannatuga]

We examined the acute effects of endocannabinoid, anandamide, and of synthetic cannabinoid receptor antagonist, AM251[...], on TSH, thyroxine (T4), and triiodothyronine (T3) secretions. [...] anandamide has the ability to acutely inhibit TSH release in eu- and hypothyroid rats, acting at the hypothalamus–pituitary axis. Since, in addition, the cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM251 increased TSH release, we suggest that endocannabinoid system has a role as negative regulator of TSH secretion.

[...] The present study demonstrated that the endocannabinoid, anandamide, injected systemically or centrally into rats exhibited the ability to inhibit TSH secretion, while acute administration of the inverse agonist AM251 increases the hormone secretion.

[...] These data suggest that anandamide acts at the pituitary and/or hypothalamus in order to inhibit TSH secretion, since increased TSH would be expected if the only site of action was the thyroid.

[...] Further evidence of the central action of anandamide was obtained by the demonstration of the inhibitory anandamide effect of on TSH secretion, without changes in serum thyroid hormones, in rats treated with methimazol, a drug that inhibits thyroid hormone biosynthesis. In addition, the fact that anandamide preserves its ability to reduce serum TSH in hypothyroid state highlights the potency of endocannabinoid effect on TSH regulation, since lack of thyroid hormones is a major determinant of high serum TSH.

[...] The precise mechanism by which endogenous cannabinoid may modify TSH release cannot be elucidated by the present study. Considering the short half-life of anandamide and the relative long latency for the anandamide central effect on serum TSH, it is possible that this endocannabinoid did not act directly on TRH neurons, but likely that other mechanisms are involved.

[...] Thyroid hormones and endocannabinoids participate in energy homeostasis in opposite directions; while thyroid hormones are major stimulants of the basal metabolic rate and energy expenditure, endocannabinoids are important stimulators of food ingestion and energy conservation. [...] it seems feasible to the existence of a physiologically relevant negative regulation of thyrotropic axis by endocannabinoids. In addition, since CB1 receptor antagonists are currently being introduced in therapeutics, it will be important to investigate the consequences to pituitary–thyroid axis of chronic administration of CB1-receptors antagonists.

In conclusion, anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid, has the ability to acutely inhibit TSH release in eu- and hypothyroid rats, acting at the hypothalamus–pituitary axis. Since the cannabinoid receptor antagonist, AM251, increased TSH release in vivo and blocked the effect of anandamide, it is suggested that endocannabinoid system may play a role as a negative regulator of TSH secretion in vivo.